International Development in Biogas Utilization · 2011-04-13 · International Development in...
Transcript of International Development in Biogas Utilization · 2011-04-13 · International Development in...
International Development in Biogas Utilization
A. Schattauer
Johann Heinrich von Thünen Institut (vTI)
Federal Research Institute for Rural Areas, Forestry and Fisheries
Braunschweig / Germany
Renewable Energy Asia 2008
June, 4th 2008 / BITEC, Bangkok
Outline
• Introduction
• Biogas plants & renewables in Germany
• Activities at vTI-Institute
• Process Design and Operating Conditions
Energy Potential
Source: FNR
Biogas plants in Germany
100 120 139 159 186274
370 415617
8501050
1300
16001750
2050
2700
35003750
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
Nu
mb
er
of
Pla
nts
1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006
Feed-in tariffs for biogas-based electricity
10,99
6
2
2
9,46
6
2
2
8,51
4
2
2
8,03
2
0
5
10
15
20
25
Eu
ro-C
t / k
Wh
el
<150 kW >150 kW - 500 kW >500 kW - 5 MW >5 MW - 20 MW
CHP- Bonus
Technology Bonus
Biomass Bonus
Basic fee
Renewables in Germany
Biogas plants in Germany
100 120 139 159 186274
370 415617
8501050
1300
16001750
2050
2700
35003750
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
Nu
mb
er
of
Pla
nts
1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006
???
Amendment of EEG (2008)
• The actual draft for the amendment of the EEG has planned to open the input of biogas plants forspecific by-products and residues from industrywithout loosing the biomass bonus.
� Application of biorefinery concepts possible
Activities at vTI
Projects & Programs
EU-Agro-Biogas Project (2007 – 2009)
Objectives:• To improve the degree of efficiency in the fermenter of about 35%
• To increase the biogas yield of about 40%
• To optimise and guarantee quality and safety of digested material
• To improve, optimise and demonstrate selected conversiontechnologies (CHP, heat utilisation)
• To reduce the investment and operational costs of medium and large agricultural biogas plants of about 20 to 30%
European Biogas Initiative to improve the yield of agricultural biogas plants
EU-Agro-Biogas Project
• 14 Partners from 8 countries
• European online substrate atlas / database and standardised methane energy valuation model
• Innovative feeding technology
• Monitoring, management and early-warning system foragricultural biogas plants
National Biogas Evaluation Program (2005 – 2008)
Aims:
Evaluation of new biogas plants build after 2004
• State of the art
• Type of substrates
• Operating conditions
Procedure:
• Pre-evaluation of 346 biogas plants
• Detailed techno-scientific investigation of 60 representativebiogas plants
Substrate application in agricultural biogas plants (2005-2007)
83
152
Energy crops & manure Energy crops Manure
Use of raw materials (2005-2007)
Applied process temperature
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Re
lati
ve
fre
qu
en
cy
[%
]
mesophilic thermophilic combined
Process temperature [°C]
Biogas plants in Germany
Techniques & Design
Two-stage agricultural biogas plant
Dry-fermentation plants with garage fermenters
System BIOFerm® System Bekon®
Discontinously operated dry-fermentation with perkolation
Linde, KCA plant in Hoheneggelsen, Germany
Continuosly operated dry-fermentation plant
DRANCO-FARM plant in Bassum, Germany
Dranco – Verfahren (O.W.S.)
Continously operated dry-fermentation plant with silofermenter (DRANCO-FARM, OWS)
Thank you very much...
…for your
attention !
Use of fermentation residues
• Approx. 80 – 90 % of Input
– Depends on substrates
• Utilization as organic fertilizer
– Decrease of dry matter content
• Improved field application
• fewer losses of ammonia
– Increase of the ammonia content
• Organic nitrogen is converted into ammonia
• Improved availability for plants
Biogas yield & Production rate
hydraulic retention time [HRT]
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Biogas yield [m³/kg]
Production rate [m³/m³*d]
A
Quelle: Linke, ATB
Simple & Fast: VFA/TAC - Analysis
• Advantages:
– Easy to use (Titration)
– Reliable results for specific plant
• Disadvantages
– VFA = cummulative value
– Redundant dimensioning of VFA
– Sample conditioning affects result
Empiric Method from waste water treatment
anicCarbonTotalAnorg
ttyAcidsVolatileFaTACVFA =/
Conditioning of biogas
Raw biogas
Drying
Water
Filtration
Particles
Desulfuration
H2S
Precision
Cleaning
H2S, NH3,
Cl-Verb.
Reforming
Methane-
enrichment
CO2
Biogas as vehicle fuel
Hydrogen as fuel (fuel cell)
H2
Compression
Biogas
Frequency of use of different substrates
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Mai
ze s
ilage
Gra
s si
lage
Gra
in h
uskFat
ty W
aste
s
Lawn g
ras
Whey
Food
Veg
etab
les
Pot
atoe
sP
otat
oe p
ulp
Fre
qu
en
cy o
f u
se [
%]
Biogas yield of different substrates
960
714
600
550
230
180
160
130
90
60
60
30
25
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200
Fatty wastes
Bakery residues
Bread
Grain husk
Maize Silage
Rye silage
Gras silage
Sudan grass
Fodder beets
Beet leaf
Cow dung
Pig manure
Cow manure
m3 Biogas per t Substrate (FM)