International Conference on - u · PDF file1216 Cointrin, Genève Switzerland ... air...

International Conference on

Clean Energy for the

World’s Electricity Grids

November 20-22, 2017

VenueCrowne Plaza Geneva

Avenue Louis-Casaï 75-771216 Cointrin, Genève

Switzerland

Fusion Advocatesfast track to fusion electricityUNITED Scientific

Group

Index

Plenary Talk .......05

.......06 - 07Keynote Presentations

.......08 - 34Featured Presentations

.......35 - 42Poster Presentations

.......44 - 45About Organizer

1November 20

Monday

World Energy Outlook 2017: The Transition is Underway

Brent WannerInternational Energy Agency, Paris, France

Abstract

The global energy scene is in a state of flux, with large-scale shifts in the global energy system. These include the rapid deployment and deep declines in the costs of major renewable energy technologies; a growing shift towards electricity in energy use across the globe; profound changes in China’s economy and energy policy, moving consumption away from coal; and the continued surge in shale gas and tight oil production in the United States.

These changes provide the backdrop for the World Energy Outlook 2017, which includes a full update of energy demand and supply projections to 2040 based on different scenarios. The projections are accompanied by detailed analyses of their impact on energy industries and investment, as well as implications for energy security and the environment.

The report this year includes a focus on China, which examines how China’s choices could reshape the global outlook for all fuels and technologies. It also has a focus on natural gas, which explores how the rise of shale gas and LNG are changing the global gas market as well as the opportunities and risks for gas in the transition to a cleaner energy system.

The WEO-2017 also introduces a major new scenario – the Sustainable Development Scenario – that outlines an integrated approach to achieving internationally agreed objectives on climate change, air quality and universal access to modern energy.

Biography

Brent Wanner is a Senior Energy Analyst at the International Energy Agency (IEA) and Lead of Power Generation Analysis within the World Energy Outlook (WEO) team. For the past six editions of WEO, he has focused on the long-term outlook for electricity, including the Focus on Renewable Energy in 2016. He was also a principal contributor to WEO Special Reports on Energy and Climate Change in 2015 and the World Energy Investment Outlook in 2014. Prior to the IEA, Brent was an economist at the U.S. Department of Energy and holds degrees from Wake Forest University in economics and Duke University in energy and environment.

Contact: [email protected]

Plenary Talk

Clean Energy for the World’s Electricity Grids | November 20-22, 2017 | Geneva, Switzerland 5

The Why and the How of Fusion Based Electricity Generation (FBEG)

Howard HornfeldFusion Advocates, Geneva

Abstract

With a world population of some 9 billion people forecast for 2040 but with only about 6 billion today that have access to electricity, a huge demand for new sources of electricity is clear. Plug-in electric vehicles– especially in cities where commuters driving home from work and plugging in their home battery chargers more or less simultaneously -will be a tremendous strain on the system. Global warming will require more air-conditioning units even in areas of low income.

The major demand will be for cheap, clean, consistent,safe and non-political electricity generation. And this conference is showing that there are several systems which can deliver grid-level electricity under suitable climatic conditions. Solar PVs with high storage batteries, wind turbines, cleaner nuclear fission, hydro systems including ocean techniques and others are there.

But we believe the most important system will be fusion energy, and will be delivered by magnetic confinement fusion (MCF). We are firmly convinced that the future electricity grids will be fed through a multitude of techniques (“If you have it, use it!”), and one major component of that mix will be fusion. The talk will review the principal technologies for fusion, the time factors and the economics; it will cover tokamaks, stellarators, CFRs and other ways of making FBEGhappen – as it must!

Biography

Dr. Hornfeld received his B.S. in chemistry from MIT, an M.A from the University of California and a doctorate at the University of Sussex. After doing basic research at DuPont in the US he moved to Switzerland and eventually created his own worldwide high performance polymer consulting practice (Consultex SA) which he operated for over 20 years. An opportunity presented itself for him to take charge of the Chemical Industry Program of the United Nations ECE, which he did for 6 years until official retirement.

In 2007 his serious interest in fusion energy began; he created Fusion Advocates in 2013, whose principal purpose is to promote the proof that FBEG is the way forward!


Keynote Presentation


Keynote Presentation

How to Bridge the Gap between the World’s Developmental Aspirations and a Finite Energy Supply

Branko MilicevicUnited Nations Economic Commission for Europe Geneva, Switzerland

Abstract

Energy is a fundamental need and a key to meeting the world’s quality of life aspirations. It provides the essential services of cooking, heating, cooling, lighting, mobility, and operation of appliances, information and communication technology, and machines. Energy is the golden thread that weaves throughout the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and all 17 SDGs.

Today’s energy and electricity come mostly from fossil fuels. This has been the case for more than 150 years. The share of renewable energy in the total primary energy supply has been decreasing throughout the industrial era. These facts are often misinterpreted or persued selectively, which opens space for misunderstanding and manipulation.

If the world is to develop sustainably, it will be necessary to ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable, and modern energy services while reducing greenhouse gas emissions and the carbon footprint of the energy sector. A possible approach is to harness all today’s available sources in the most efficient and rational way. If we do not do so, and quickly, many deepening and widening geopolitical crises that revolved around energy supply and use, combined with climate change and other uncertainties, may spin out of control.

Biography

Branko Milicevic is an economic affairs officer with the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe. He is engaged primarily in activities that reduce greenhouse gas emissions and the carbon footprint of the energy sector. His responsibilities cover the UNECE’s work on coal mine methane, cleaner electricity production, and natural gas. Before joining UNECE, he worked in energy statistics, sustainable development, hydrogen fuel cells, alternative energy sources, public affairs, and peacekeeping. Branko holds an MSc in electrochemistry and a BSc in chemical engineering.



Session- 1 | The Renewable Energy Challenge

Present and Future of Renewable Energy in Egypt and ChallengesFahmy Metwally Ahmed Bendary*and Mohamed Ahmed IbrahimBenha University, EgyptAbstract

The paper presents a survey of renewable energy sources in general as well as those commonly used in Egypt. Egypt has the advantage of high solar radiation throughout the yearwith 9-11 hours per day. In addition there are several regions in which the wind speed is remarkable(9-11)m/s. The ministry of electricity and renewable energy in Egypt proposed several projects of renewable energy based on either solar thermal (20 MW) and more photovoltaic arrays, and wind energy (up to 500 MW) at Zaafarana farm in Red Sea which is connected to the grid. This wind farm is funded by Germany, Denmark and Spain. Other favorable projects are funded by private sector and independent power producers (IPP and BOOT). Future expansion of a renewable energy association in Egypt is planned, and that the renewable energy generated in 2030will represent 30% of the total energy required for all activities in Egypt.Biography

Fahmy. M. Bendary received his B.Sc. degree from Ain Shams University and his M.Sc. degree from Cairo University in 1966 and 1979, respectively, and earned his Ph.D. degree from Paris-SudUniversité, France, in 1983. From 1984 to 1990, he worked as a lecturer at the Military Technical College (MTC) in Cairo. During the period from 1991 to 1995, he was an associate professor at Zagazig University. Dr. Fahmy was promoted full professor of automatic control and its applications to power systems in 1995. He is currently a professor of electric power systems and automatic control at the faculty of engineering (Shoubra), Benha University. He is a coauthor of more than one hundred research papers, and a reviewer for many local and international journals as well as conferences in the field of power system optimization, operation, planning, control, and renewable energy systems. He participated and attended more than thirty international conferences in Egypt, Tunisia, Saudi Arabia, France, Sweden, Austria, Czech,Germany, and USA. He is also a member in WEC, IEC, CIGRE, and CIRED committees at the ministry of electricity and renewable energy in Egypt.Contact: [email protected]

Iran’s Energy Resources: Oil, Natural Gas, Hydropower, Geothermal, Wind, Renewable Energy and Nuclear EnergyAli Pazirandeh* and Amir Hossain KeshavarzIslamic Azad University, IranAbstract

Energy is one of the most important sectors of Iran’s economy. It drives almost all economic activity. One of the various types of energy is natural gas. So, the role of natural gas in ensuring a sustainable energy future, economic growth, and supply security cannot be underestimated. On the other hand, South Pars gas field as one of the world’s largest gas fields can play key role on Iran’s energy future.

Due to the limited resources of fossil fuels, energy supply–demand management and planning especially in the supply-side of the energy system have increasingly become very important. This article assesses Iran’s energy system in order to find the main causes of the considerably high energy intensity in the country compared with similar economies in size and production. Accordingly, fundamental policies and strategies are proposed in order to manage the recognized bottlenecks. The conclusions suggest strongly that not only the fossil-based energy system, but other sources of energy including nuclear and solar energies.

One of the main non-renewable and unsustainable energy producers in the world is Iran, because of abundant fossil fuels resources. Recently, in Iran utilization of petroleum and natural gas in the sections of transportation and industrial has been improved immensely, due to their low prices. Iran has plenty of alternative fuel and renewable resources which have not been taken into consideration thoughtfully. Lately, one of the important targets of the Iranian Government is managing the

Featured Presentations


fossil consumption. Different areas of Iran can be applied as the main sources of renewable and sustainable energy (RSE), caused by a considerable variety of natural ability. The main RSE that possibly utilized for energy supply are biofuel, wind, solar, geothermal and hydropower. Furthermore, according to the growth of population, bioenergy generation from residue materials is capable of performing a critical function in the sustainability of waste management policies. This review article deals with estimating renewable energy potentials from different suppliers in Iran.

In many respects, 2010/2020 could prove to be a watershed in the transition of energy systems. A variety of forces are at work. The world population will increase by more than 2 billion people by 2050, the vast majority living in cities in the developing world. Moreover, the OECD countries will be an increasingly smaller energy player in the world in terms of demand, production and trade, but nonetheless remain important as a supplier of technology. More countries will share concerns about the security of energy supply that hitherto preoccupied primarily OECD countries.

Concerns related to climate change and security of energy supply are pushing various countries to make strategic energy planning decisions. In this regard, energy system modelling is an appropriate method to find out the utilization of current declining non-renewable energy resources and other possible scenarios. Consequently, it is available to consider various aspects of energy system decisions and some probable alternatives. Different demands forecasting methods are used and the effects of applying for supply side scenarios on CO2 emissions from power sector are finally compared.

A growing world population and socio-economic development are at the root of an ever-increasing energy demand throughout the world. Much of this demand is met by means of fossil fuels, leading to greenhouse gas emissions and climate change – hence the need for increasing the share of nuclear and renewable energy sources in the global energy mix. Marine energy is a reliable, high-density source of energy with limited environmental impacts. Iran, with its long coastline, growing population, increasing energy demands and extreme air pollution, has a great potential for the development of marine energy. a high potential for marine energy development in the Caspian Sea, the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman.Contact: [email protected]

Global Challenges of Clean Energy - the Elephant(s) in the RoomDiala BeinkeIndependent Energy Advisor, The NetherlandsAbstract

The world’s energy demand is growing. The scientific community ubiquitously blames the significance of emissions in the exacerbation of climate change. Clean energy, though reportedly highly capital-intensive, is becoming more cost competitive with increasing deployment and time. Fossil fuels face an uncertain future with the evolving dynamics of OPEC and the intentions of nations to become net exporters.

These are the copiously regurgitated narratives we are all bombarded with. Never before have we lived through an era whereby narrative, motivational bias and truth are so indistinguishable in the media.

So what is left? What are we not sufficiently discussing? The objective of this presentation is to provide a few holistic insights into global challenges of clean energyfrom the vantages of curiosity and philanthropic ideals whilst applying technical judgement and a sense of pragmatism. Ideas that will be presented include: the place and perception of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in for-profit businesses, diversification of energy as a driver to mitigate the perils of single-industry economies, and current impediments to investment in energy in non-OECD countries. The presentation concludes by postulating that a paradigm shift and improved collaboration between the traditional and renewable energy sectors should be considered essential to unlocking presently underutilized sources of investment and human capital.Biography

Diala Beinke is a strategic and technically minded geological engineer and energy advisor, established through 10 years of engineering evaluation, project and risk management experience, predominantly with the multinational Chevron Corporation. She has a track record for successful execution of process reforms, best exemplified in the fields of reserves maturation and hydraulic network restoration.

In recent years, Diala has broadened her attention to the entire energy equation at large and is passionate about leveraging her breadth in natural resources and her experience in the oilfield sector to pioneer integrated investment criteria and solve the humanitarian conundrum of sustainable and diversified energy supply.Contact: [email protected]


The Relation between Energy Efficiency and Energy PricesTomáš BuusUniversity of Economics, Czech RepublicAbstract

Mankind’s prosperity has been dependent on the availability of affordable energy in recent centuries. Today, the need for sustainability requires precise energy efficiency evaluation. Unfortunately, the traditional metrics like energy return on investment (EROI) suffer from system boundaries and from the inability to describe labor and physical capital in terms of energy. Therefore, they tend to omit up to 50% of input energy consumption.

The price-of-energy model and cost-of-energy model, derived via a matrix description of the production process, show that the ratio of the average energy input cost to the average useable energy output cost describes the energy efficiency completely. The same holds for the ratio of energy prices, if shares of aggregate rents, taxes and subsidies in the input and output prices are similar. The above price (cost) ratio can serve as an EROI check and eliminate the need for a lengthy process analysis. The results enable the extension of energy efficiency metrics by social and environmental effects, measurable mostly in monetary terms.Biography

Tomáš Buus, Ph.D., born 1977, is a teacher and researcher at the University of Economics, Prague, Czech Republic and managing partner of Expert Group s.r.o. expert witness institution. He specializes in business economics since his studies and early work experience at the takeover bid department at the Czech Security and Exchange Commission in 2002, where he was responsible for evaluation of business valuations. His research concentrates on mathematical modelling of general relationships in economics and related sciences.Contact: [email protected]

Planning and Operation of Electricity Grids with Renewable Energy from a Smart Grid PerspectiveMiguel A. Velasquez*, Nicanor Quijano and Ángela CadenaUniversidad de los Andes, ColombiaAbstract

New operation and control elements embedded in power systems including renewable energy sources, economic and security-based demand response, and energy storage systems have altered many traditional principles in the electricity grid planning and operation. These elements are part of the smart grid concept, which is related to the principle of enhancing reliability, efficiency, and economics of power delivery. Smart grids encourage the use of renewable resources as their operational costs and emissions are very low. However, their integration into the grid must be assessed in order to obtain an efficient and secure power system. We have developed different projects about integration of clean energy within electricity grids, and we will present several results. First, the efficient placement of protective switches in feeders with distributed generation, then, distributed predictive control for the hourly and ultra-short term economic dispatch in a smart grid and next, competitiveness of distributed generation based on clean energy for increasing the energy coverage in rural areas. Finally, we will present a case study of a renewable energy- based solution for supplying energy to isolated areas.Biography

Miguel Velásquez received his B.Sc. in Electrical Engineering (2011), a B.Sc. in Electronics Engineering (2011), and a M.Sc. in Electrical Engineering (2013) from the Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia. He is a Ph.D candidate at the Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia, and has finished a research internship at the Galvin Center for Electricity Innovation in the Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, United States. Currently, he is working on the distributed economic dispatch problem by considering renewable and distributed resources. His main research interests are transmission and distribution systems, renewable generation and distributed resources, smart grids, economic dispatch, centralized and distributed optimization, and microgrids. Contact: [email protected]


Compact and Low Cost Design for Accurate Two Axis Solar Tracking of Concentrated Photovoltaic (CPV) SystemMuhammad Burhan*, Muhammad Wakil Shahzad and Kim Choon NgKing Abdullah University of Science & Technology, Saudi ArabiaAbstract

Solar energy has the highest energy potential among all energy resources. Solar cell provides the most common and simple method to convert solar energy into electricity. However, at the first priority, solar energy must be captured with high efficiency to reduce overall system size. Concentrated Photovoltaic (CPV) system has the highest solar energy conversion efficiency among all the photovoltaic technologies. Current commercial CPV systems are designed as gigantic units, which are targeted to be installed in open desert fields with high DNI availability. Therefore, despite highest efficiency, the CPV technology gained very little attention, with less customers and market, and limited application scope. For conventional PV systems, the installations at the rooftop of commercial and residential buildings have a significant share in its total installed capacity, which is aimed to be increased to 40-50% of the total installations. On the other hand, there is no commercial compact CPV system available, which is suitable for rooftop operation. In addition, the compact CPV system design demands larger number of tracking units for same power capacity of system, which increases the overall system cost. This paper discusses the development of compact CPV field for rooftop operation, with cost effective but highly accurate solar tracking sensor and wireless master slave control. The proposed system has maximum capability of 0.1o tracking accuracy, which is ensured using in-house built double lens collimator solar feedback sensor, with fraction of commercial sensor cost. A hybrid tracking algorithm is developed in C-programming using astronomical and optical solar tracking methods.Biography

Muhammad Burhan is currently working as Post-Doctoral Fellow at water Desalination and Reuse Center, King Abdullah University of Science & Technology, Saudi Arabia. He has completed PhD at National University of Singapore (NUS) under NUS Research Scholarship, in the area of concentrated photovoltaic (CPV) and hydrogen as energy storage. He has finished Bachelors with distinction from University of Engineering & Technology, Lahore.contact: [email protected]


Session-2 | Biomass Energy Systems

Diesel-like Biofuel from Deoxygenation by Mesoporous Catalyst Joon Ching Juan1*, Hwei Voon Lee1, Lee Eng Oi1, Suraya Zulkepli1, Choo Min Yee1 and Yu-Chuan Lin2

1University of Malaya, Malaysia2Yuan Ze University, TaiwanAbstract

Declining fossil fuels and the environmental impacts of CO2 emissions have attracted the attention of many researchers interest to utilize triglycerides-based plant oils using a deoxygenation reaction. Special attention has been given to trans-esterification to produce biofuel or biodiesel. However, the high oxygen content of biodiesel hinders its direct application as a fuel and further processing via deoxygenation is necessary. Deoxygenation is an eco-friendly green synthesis method that converts triglyceride into alkanes and/or alkenes in the absence of hydrogen and solvent. A new series of mesoporous catalysts comprised of mesoporous silica, mesoporous titania and zeolite have been prepared for deoxygenation of triolein. The physicochemical properties of these catalysts were well-characterized by XRD, BET, FT-IR, RAMAN, TPD-NH3, FESEM and EDX. Based on this study, it was found that mesoporous silica exhibit the highest conversion as compared to that of other mesoporous catalysts. Mesoporous silica exhibited the highest conversion of 94.83% with high selectivity (96%) toward the liquid product C11-C20. This outstanding feature was mainly due to high surface area (ca. 500 m2g-1) and a strong acidity (ca. 5200 µmol of NH3g-1). Therefore, a high conversion and selective deoxygenation catalyst has been successfully developed which could turn the non-edible oil to biofuel.Biography

Dr Joon Ching Juan (MMIC (Mal), FRSC (UK), CChem (UK), CSci (UK)) received his BSc (2003) and PhD (2007) from the National University of Malaysia. Currently he is an Associate Professor of Catalysis at the Nanotechnology and Catalysis Research Centre, University of Malaysia and also Senior Research Fellow (Adjunct) position at Monash University, Sunway Campus. He has published more than 100 articles, co-authored 4 book chapters and his h-index is 20 (2017). He is the recipient of several awards including Malaysia Research Star Award (2017), National Young Scientist Award (2016), just to mention a few. Contact: [email protected]

Bio-H2 Production by an Anaerobic Mixed Culture: Metabolic Pathway and Flux AnalysisE.I. Garcia-Peña1*, R.A. Gonzalez2 and E. Salgado-Manjarrez1

1Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico2The University of Queensland, AustraliaAbstract

Technical, socio-economic and environmental evaluations show that bio-hydrogen (bio-H2) is one of the most promising alternative energy sources. Approximately 90% of current H2 production is obtained by chemical processes, which require large amounts of energy and use fossil fuels as feedstock. Thus, the development of new strategies for enhanced yields in hydrogen production has become a major challenge in biotechnology and bioprocess engineering. Some of these strategies have been explored in our research group.

Recently, a metabolic flux model was proposed for bio-H2 production from a mixed culture growing on glucose. The model based on the metabolism of Firmicutes, predominant phylum, includes substantial changes compared with previous models. Pathway analysis suggests that bio-H2 yield as high as 10 mol H2/mol glucose is metabolically possible if the H2 pressure is sufficiently low. This bio-H2 yields are greater than those reported and are possible redirecting the flow of glucose to the pentose phosphate pathway instead of glycolysis. The adequacy was determined by metabolic flux analysis. Experimental yield of 2.23 mol H2/mol glucose are contained in the solution space and shows that growth is suboptimal for the mixed culture used. Data suggest that bio-H2 yields can be improved by knocking out both competing reactions and the phosphoglucose isomerase. Higher NADPH2 production could increase bio-H2 production even though it would reduce growth rate.Contact: [email protected]


An Assessment of a Sustainable Cooling and Power Generation System for Loss Reduction of Yam Tubers in Sub-Saharan African CountriesRasaq. O. Lamidi*, Pankaj. B. Pathare, Marcelo.C.Aguilar, Yaodong Wang, A.P.Roskilly and Abdullah MalikNewcastle University, UKAbstract

Over 90% of global yam (Dioscoreaspp) production is from West Africa where it provides food and income for over 300 million smallholder farmers. However, 10% to 40% post-harvest losses, as well as “market glut” during harvesting periods, are major challenges occasioned by lack of appropriate storage methods. This increases risk of food security and leads to continuous economic loss for the farmers.

Amongst different storage systems, storage at 15⁰C has been shown to be excellent as post-harvest loss is reduced to less than 3% while the yam retains its nutritional qualities. This work seeks to increase the market participation of smallholder farmers by assessing a community-based biogas powered combined cooling and power generation system that provides electricity and cold storage for “yam banks” within a rural community.

Using a Nigerian village as a case study, crop residues were used as anaerobic digestion feedstock to produce biogas which is subsequently used to power an ICE. Aspen Plus software is used for computer modelling of the digestion system, power generation, heat recovery as well as absorption chilling. Yam cold storage measuring 6m x 5m x 2m is used as the evaporator. Solid works is used to design the cold storage. Heat generation by respiration as well as heat loss through the walls of the storage system are also accounted for. Results show that the system is able to store 12000 yam tubers as well as providing electricity for the village. The economic analysis of the system is also presented.Biography

Rasaq Oladiti Lamidi holds a first degree and a Masters degree in Food Science & Technology and Carbon and Resources Management respectively. He has worked in food and beverage industries for a decade. He is currently a PhD student in Energy at the School of Engineering, Newcastle University, United Kingdom, where he is working on sustainable synchronization of rural electricity delivery with basic food processinng.Contact: [email protected]

Sustainable Biofuel Production from Biomass-Based Resource via a Catalytic Deoxygenation ReactionLee Hwei Voon1*, Juan Joon Ching1, Noorsaadah Abd. Rahman1 and Taufiq-Yap Yun Hin2

1University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia2Universiti Putra Malaysia, MalaysiaAbstract

Malaysian government is seeking to intensify the development of renewable energy, particularly in biomass sector, as the ‘fifth fuel’ resource under the country’s Fuel Diversification Policy. The National Renewable Energy Policy and Action Plan 2010 seen as a catalyst for renewable energy generation and it is aligned with Malaysian government’s aim to achieve 5.5% renewable energy in Malaysia’s total energy mix by 2015 and 11% by 2020. And thus, palm-based biomass-derived bio oil getting increased attention as whole suite of potential markets for renewable energy. In the present study, mesoporous-supported catalysts were developed for the catalytic deoxygenation/hydrodeoxygenation of bio oil-derived model compounds into fuel grade hydrocarbon. The physico-chemical characteristics of the mesoporous-based catalysts (acidity, textural properties, active metal dispersion, reducible properties, and surface functional group) are the main criteria to enhance the hydrodeoxygenation activity and product selectivity. Thus, correlation effect between the properties of mesoporous-supported catalysts and catalytic activity will be discussed.Biography

Dr. Lee Hwei Voon is a senior lecturer from the University of Malaya (UM), Malaysia in the field of nanotechnology and catalysis. Her research interest is in catalysis design (metal oxide, solid based catalyst, catalyst from waste material) and for application in renewable energy (biofuel), bio lubricant (biochemical) and advanced nanomaterial (biomass-derived nanocellulose). Her research has been funded by the Ministry of Higher Education of Malaysia (MOHE); Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation of Malaysia, MOSTI, internal University funding (UM Research Grant), as well as an International Industrial project (Ajinomoto Group Corp., Japan). Contact: [email protected]


Session-3 | Markets

The Opportunities Presented by Renewable Energy Technology in Alleviating DisadvantageOshan Jayawardena* and Kate CrowleyUniversity of Tasmania, AustraliaAbstract

This presentation looks at opportunities renewable energy technology presents for the alleviation of the dual disadvantages of rising electricity prices and climate change impacts that disproportionately affect vulnerable populations in society. The world is in an era of energy transition away from fossil fuels towards renewables. This energy transition is an opportunity to address equity issues through technology; however, this requires government intervention. Currently there are many barriers for the poor, elderly, indigenous, remote and those that suffer from illness, to access renewable energy technology. Governments around the world can support the adoption of renewable energy for the vulnerable in society. Rising electricity prices and climate change impacts have detrimental consequences on vulnerable people resulting in poor societal outcomes, psychological and physical illness. Renewable energy technology has the potential to mitigate these problems and also work towards improving equality between members of society. Biography

Oshan Jayawardena is currently completing a PhD at the University of Tasmania in Australia. His PhD thesis is on the Influence of advocacy coalitions in determining the ability of renewable energy to overcome the ‘energy disadvantage’ in Australia. He has also been recently working in the social housing sector in New Zealand. He is interested in the opportunities renewable energy presents for improvements in social equity. He is currently working in national government at the Treasury in New Zealand as a Major Projects Advisor.

Positive Energy Building and Micro-Grid Designed by the Swiss Team for the U.S. Department of Energy Solar Decathlon 2017Philippe Couty1,2*, Victor Saade2, Antoine Maltey2, Guillaume Gruet2 and Florian Meyer2

1University of Applied Science of Western Switzerland, Switzerland2EPFL ENAC, Team Swiss Living Challenge, SwitzerlandAbstract

In the framework of the Solar Decathlon competition US 2017 in Denver, Colorado, the Swiss team proposed a community house powered by solar energy and smart grid interaction. Thanks to an integrated design with multi-oriented façades, which were boosted by customized opening gates equipped with c-Si PV panels and power optimizers, a net positive energy building has been realized. An energy management system has been implemented to monitor and control the 9.715 kWp PV system and the electrical storage Lithium-ion of 10.8 kWh capacity. The building energy management includes the PV production forecast, the consumption planning as well as an electrical storage dispatch strategy. The realized microgrid has been modelled and simulations have been performed using hourly meteorological data. During the 10 days of the competition at Denver, the energy management system was implemented and all energy data were recorded. Thanks to an efficient energy management strategy, the first place has been obtained for the energy balance contest of the competition. The micro-grid simulations as well as measurements results will be presented in this article.Biography

After a master degree in physics and fluids mechanics, Philippe Couty started a PhD in 1997 in the field of cavitation in pumps and turbines at EPFL. In 2004, he Co-founded Karmic Sarl and developed nanotechnologies applications. He then decided to join the photovoltaic adventure in 2007 with the company Flexcell VHF-technologies, with mission to increase cell’s efficiency of flexible solar panels with nano-technologies. In 2012, as the R&D director of solar company SES in Geneva, he developed photovoltaic tiles. Since end 2014, Philippe Couty is the project coordinator and engineering lead of the Swiss team, winner of the Solar Decathlon competition US 2017 Denver, Colorado. Contact: [email protected]


2Tuesday

November 21

Session-4 | Nuclear Energy

The ITER ProjectSpencer PitcherITER Organisation Central Team, FranceAbstract

The ITER Project aims to demonstrate the scientific and technological feasibility of fusion power for peaceful purposes and to gain the knowledge necessary for the design of the next-step device. The ITER project is organized as an international research and development project jointly funded by its seven Members; the European Union, Japan, the People’s Republic of China, India, the Republic of Korea, the Russian Federation and the USA. ITER is being constructed in Europe, at Cadarache in southern France, which is also the location of the headquarters of the ITER Organization (IO). This talk will present the current status of the Project. Biography

Dr. Pitcher has worked within the Fusion scientific community for 37 years, at several fusion laboratories in Canada, the USA and Europe. He is both a tokamak physicist and a professional engineer. He current heads the division at ITER responsible for Remote Handling, the Hot Cell Facility and Radwaste. contact: [email protected]

Nuclear Energy as a Renewable Energy SourceClaude DegueldreLancaster University, UKAbstract

The review explores the conditions that would make nuclear energy renewable taking into account both front-end (uranium extraction) as well as fuel and reactor type.

Uranium extraction is the first step of the nuclear fuel cycle. Currently, uranium is extracted from solid ores such as uranium rich minerals (% level) or minerals such as phosphates (ppm level). For some years extraction of uranium from sea water (ppb level) has been the topic of investigations. In the huge oceanic volume the amount of uranium is constant, regulated by river input (soluble) and balanced by scavenging (particulate) on the sea floor. This work shows that uranium extraction with parsimony from sea water could be carried in a renewable way if its concentration remains quasi-constant. Recommendations for the extraction with use of gel panels or with braid of fabric grafted by absorbing groups in high tide or oceanic pelagic current environments are suggested along with a reduction of uranium consumption.

To use uranium with parsimony, a Gen IV+ (molten salt reactor MSR) unit park is suggested to optimize neutron economy and all safety features (safe, low levels of manageable waste and exemplary proliferation resistance). Liquid fuel makes fuel fission product accessible for in-line reprocessing (degassing and electrochemical reprocessing) reducing neutronic reactivation of the fission products, heat decay and favoring fission in the core. In addition an advanced design makes it small and compact as a modular unit (e.g. SMR). Its high temperature during operation and its potential industrial applications makes MSR very promising as an energy convertor.With the coupling of uranium extraction from the sea and its optimal utilization in MSR, nuclear energy could gain the label “renewable”.Biography

Claude has been working in Nuclear Science since 1971. After a master in nuclear chemistry and radiochemistry at the University of Liege (1972), he was awarded Doctor of Science in 1978 for a thesis on the electroanalytical chemistry of actinides. He also followed successfully a third cycle diploma in Geel/Mol (IRSN), Belgium. After 5 years at University of Algiers, working on analytical chemistry of uranium and teaching “Introduction à la structure de la matière”, he joined PSI, Switzerland where he spent 30 years as head of the Colloid project for the Nuclear Waste Management Laboratory, and expert for the contamination LWR loop, coordinator of the inert matrix fuel initiative and more recently head of the coordination group on nuclear analytics for the Laboratory of Nuclear Materials. He also organised the colloquia of the Nuclear Energy Division during his last 20 years at PSI. He has today approximately 200 publications in peer review journals including chapters in text books.Contact: [email protected]


Strategies to Optimize Sustainable Management of Spent Nuclear Fuel from Fission Nuclear Power PlantsLaura Rodríguez-Penalonga* and B. Yolanda Moratilla Soria Universidad Pontificia Comillas, SpainAbstract

The world is presently living through an energy transition period due to the increasing concern about climate change and its consequences. Renewable energies are becoming the main focus of attention in many countries to help reduce carbon dioxide emissions. Nevertheless, nuclear power may play an important role as well, due to its security of supply, its contribution to the stability of the electric grid and its low carbon emissions.

As nuclear power is surrounded with great controversy, every country that develops a nuclear strategy must consider and address every aspect and issue related to this type of energy production, such as proliferation resistance, sustainability, environmental friendliness, economics, and nuclear waste management.

The aim of this paper is to study the economics and sustainability of one of the key issues of nuclear power: spent nuclear fuel management. Therefore, a comparison of the different strategies that could be implemented, the technologies available and the future R&D trends is presented. Additionally, the costs associated to each strategy and theirtendencies are analysed, taking into consideration the uncertainties surrounding new technologies.

The results show that, even though the open cycle (or once-through cycle) costs are currently lower than the closed cycle (or reprocessing) costs, their trends show that, eventually, reprocessing might become economically more viable. Additionally, the new reprocessing technologies have proven to be more sustainable by reducing the volume, radiotoxicity and decay heat of the final waste.contact: [email protected]

Session-5 | Novel Fuel Cell Developments

Highly Stable Precious Metal-Free Cathode Catalyst for Fuel Cell ApplicationBarr Zulevi*1,A. Serov1, A. Lubers1, G. McCool1, S. McKinney1, S. Hendrickson1G. Zhang2, R. Chenitz2, M. Lefèvre2, J. P. Dodelet2, S. Sun2, K. Artyushkova3, P. Atanassov3, S. Pann4 and S. Mukerjee4

1Pajarito Powder LLC, NM, USA2INRS, Énergie, Canada3University of New Mexico, NM, USA4Northeastern University, MA, USAAbstract

Fuel cells are a clean energy technology that is both uniquely modular and can be practiced with high efficiency and high energy storage density (>350Whr/Kg) while using non-toxic, recyclable materials. When combined with electrolysis it also provides a technological solution to grid-level storage, and is especially suitable to managing the variable loads produced by renewable energy sources such as wind and solar power.

One of the key cost factors in fuel cells is the high cost of fuel cell catalysts, which are currently based on platinum. Recent and ongoing developments have led to newly commercial fuel cell catalysts that are free of any precious metals. Pajarito Powder was founded to reduce the cost of fuel cell catalysts and is a leader in precious-metal free fuel cell and electrolyzer catalysts. The current status of precious metal-free fuel cell catalysts will be described, including opportunities, challenges, and future prospects.Biography

Dr. Barr Zulevi has extensive experience in materials science, both from his academic career and commercialization experience since co-founding Pajarito Powder in 2012. Dr. Zulevi oversees and leads the Pajarito Powder team in developing the world-classproprietary VariPoreTM manufacturing platform and VariPoreTM line of Engineered Catalysts Supports and fuel cell and electrolyzer catalysts, including world leading low cost Pt-based and Precious-Metal Metal-Free catalyst technologies from the Los Alamos National Laboratory, the University of New Mexico, INRS, and Northeastern University. Contact: [email protected]


Root Cause Analysis of Power Grid Faults Using a Machine Learning AlgorithmMilad Doostan and Badrul Chowdhury*

University of North Carolina at CharlotteCharlotte, NC, USAAbstract

Distribution faults negatively influence system reliability since they are responsible for a considerable number of major interruptions experienced by customers.Furthermore, faults exert damaging impacts on system safety and security and result in heavy costs for distribution utilities. Therefore, utilities either seek to find practical solutions aimed at preventing specific faults or attempt to take effective measures to properly and quickly restore the system after faults occur. For attaining either, it is essential to acquire a deeper understanding of the primary causes of faults and to identify significant variables related to those causes.

A machine learning algorithm is used to determine the root cause of power system faults. The primary goals are to characterize faults according to their underlying causes and to identify important variables that impact the occurrence of faults. This paper proposes an algorithm that handles data preparation, practical issues associated with fault data sets, andimplementation of association rule mining. The procedure is followed by a case study to demonstrate how the proposed approach is used to mine for causal structures and identify frequent patterns for faultsrelatedto vegetation, animal, equipment failure, public accident, and lightning.

The proposed approach includes the following steps:1) Data collection and preparation; 2) Converting continuous features to categorical factors; 3) Defining new dataset for each fault cause; 4) Generating synthetic data for each sub-dataset; 5) Converting categorical factors to dummy variables; 6) Mining association rules for each sub-dataset; and 7) Inspecting rules.Biography

Badrul Chowdhury is currently serving as Duke Energy Distinguished Professor of Electrical & Computer Engineering with a joint appointment in Systems Engineering & Engineering Management, University of North Carolina at Charlotte. He received his PhD in Electrical Engineering from Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA. Dr. Chowdhury’s research interests are in power system modeling, analysis, control and economics; system vulnerability and resiliency assessment; integration of renewable and distributed energy resources in a smart grid environment; microgrid control and optimization. Prior to joining UNC-Charlotte, he was a Professor in the ECE Department of Missouri S&T.Contact: [email protected]

Intramolecular Locked Dithioalkyl-bithiophene Based Semiconductors for High Performance Organic Field Effect TransistorsSureshrajuVegiraju* and Ming-Chou ChenNational Central University, TaiwanAbstract

New 3,3’-dithioalkyl-2,2’-bithiophene (SBT) based small molecular and polymeric semi-conductors are synthesized by end-capping or co-polymerization with dithienothiophen-2-yl (DTT) units. Single crystal, molecular orbital computations, and optical/electrochemical data indicate that the SBT core is completely planar, likely via S(alkyl)∙∙S(thiophene) intramolecular locks. Therefore, compared to organic semiconductors based on the conventional 3,3’-dialkyl-2,2’-bithiophene (BT), the resulting SBT systems are planar (torsional angle < 1o) and highly π-conjugated. Charge transport was investigated for solution-sheared films in field-effect transistors demonstrating that SBT can enable good semiconducting materials with holemobilities ranging from ~0.03 to 1.7 cm2 V-1 s-1. Transport difference within this family was rationalized by film morphology as accessed by grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD) experiments.Biography

Dr. Sureshraju Vegiraju has expertise in synthetic organic chemistry. He received his PhD in chemistry at National Central University, Taiwan (2015) for his thesis about “Synthesis and characterization of fused thiophenes and diketopyrrolopyrroles containing conjugated small molecules”. He is continuing as a postdoctoral researcher and is developing conjugated organic small molecular and polymeric materials for applications in organic electronics.Contact:[email protected]


New Topology of Multiple-Input Single-Output PV System for DC Load ApplicationsZeinab Kamal Mohamed el-Kady1*, Mohsen M. Elhagry1, Naser Abdel-Rahim2,3 and Fahmy Metwally Ahmed Bendary 3

1Electronic Research Institute, Egypt2Future University, Egypt3Benha University, EgyptAbstract

Improving PV system structure and maximizing the output power of a PV system has drawn many researchers attention nowadays. A proposed multi-input single-output PV system is proposed in this paper. The system consists of multiple PV modules; each module feeds a DC–DC converter. The outputs of the converters are tied together to form a DC voltage source. In order to minimize the output ripples of the converters, the control signal of each converter is time shifted from each other by a certain time interval depending on the number of converters used in the topology. In this study a battery is used as the main load, the load current used as the control variable. A fuzzy logic controller designed to modulate the operating point of the system to get the maximum power. The results show that the proposed system has very good response for various operating conditions of the PV system. In addition the output filter is minimized with excellent quality of the DC output voltage.Biography

Ms. El-Kady is an Electrical Power Engineer, having graduated in Benha University 2002- 2007, Egypt with overall grade Very Good with honors degree. Graduation project was “Standalone photovoltaic system design and implementation using FPGA”. Grade: Excellent, using sparten3-E which was supplied to the project by XLINIX as a sponsor. Participated in ROBOCON competition and achieved two prizes in two years. Worked as Research Assistant in Electronic Research Institute (ERI). M. Sc. in Electrical Engineering (power system), 2014-2016, Benha University. Currently she is an Assistant in Research at the ERI and has started to work on a Ph.D. in the field of “Flexibility in operation and control of Microgrids”.Contact: [email protected]


Session-6 | Thorium Fission Energy Activities

Worldwide Thorium Energy ActivitiesAndreas Norlin*, Anton Samark-Roth and Elina PennalaInternational Thorium Energy Organisation, SwedenAbstract

The world is desperately looking for a breakthrough energy solution. With Thorium Energy we can all have cheap and clean power wherever, whenever and forever. Energy poverty, climate change and air pollution desperately call for an energy system that can be scaled globally on market conditions. This is what Thorium Energy promises, and why many of the world leaders are financing projects to commercialize it or keep a close eye on the developments.

The experience and network of the International Thorium Energy Organisation gives it unique insight into the plans and status of the world wide Thorium Energy activities. The organization is thus positioned to objectively inform decision makers, general public and business.

Thorium Energy is not an unproved scientific experiment or your dad’s ‘old nuclear’, it’s the ready to go energy breakthrough the world needs. The science is well known and today some of the players in the field are only an investment away from prototype construction.Biography

Andreas Norlin is a solution seeker with a long-term view. He is the founder of the International Thorium Energy Organisation (www.ThoriumEnergyWorld.com) and a reckoned energy solution promoter. He is a physicist with a background in high energy laser plasma particle acceleration for which he has been published in Nature and other journals.

As a businessman he owns StarBright Laser which develops, manufactures and sells laser equipment for analysis of molecular structures.Contact: [email protected]

Thorium as a New Primary Source of Clean and Sustainable Energy Jose R. MaiorinoFederal University of ABC, BrazilUniversity of Pisa, ItalyAbstract

Current nuclear power plants use uranium as a primary source of energy in a once-through fuel cycle which, at present uranium consumption, will be exhausted in the end of this century. To extend the utilization of uranium as source of energy, new concepts of evolutionary reactors and recycling of uranium and plutonium in thermal reactors are already in use. The introduction of fast breeder reactors in closed fuel cycles could extend uranium utilization for centuries.

Another alternative for primary source of nuclear energy is thorium, which is being considered in several types of reactors and fuel cycles. Thorium reactors present the advantage of reducing the production of high level waste (HLW), and extending the burn up with significant savings of natural resources. In addition, synergy between the utilization of uranium and thorium in closed fuel cycles, and transmutation of nuclear waste in advanced reactors, move nuclear power in the direction of a sustainable source of energy. This work will review briefly the utilization of thorium in nuclear reactors and associated fuel cycles already done, as well as recent research work to utilize thorium in advanced thermal reactors(PWR; HTR, PHWR), and in evolutionary generation IV reactors, such as MSR, and ADS. A study recently published on the feasibility to convert an advanced generation III PWR using UO2 to use (U-Th)O2 will be reviewed as a first step to produce stockpile of fissile 233U which could be used in closed U-Th fuel cycles.Biography

The author obtained a Ph.D. in Nuclear Engineering from North Carolina State University, USA. Presently he is a Professor in Energy Engineering at the Federal University of ABC, Brazil, and is spending a sabbatical year at University of Pisa, Italy. He was a senior researcher at IPEN, a Nuclear Research Institute in São Paulo, Brazil and a Professor of Nuclear Engineering at University of São Paulo(USP). He also was a member of the IAEA Technical Working Group on Fast Reactors. His research interest is in thorium utilization in nuclear reactors and fuel cycles, and in energy planning, with sustainability evaluation of energy sources.Contact: [email protected]


iThEC – Thorium ADS InitiativeRanjana Nath-MUniversity of Geneva and iThEC, SwitzerlandAbstract

The international Thorium Energy Committee (iThEC) is committed to promote R&D on the use of thorium in order to transmute nuclear waste and produce safe, clean and abundant energy raw material, in view of the huge needs of developing countries.

To meet the tremendous world energy needs, systematic R&D has to be pursued to replace fossil fuels. Nuclear energy, which produces no green-house gases and no air pollution, should be a leading candidate, and in this context, thorium represents a great potential. iThEC is at the origin of two new initiatives, which will be presented: a first ADS experiment of substantial power (≥ 1 MW) and a high-power superconducting cyclotron design with prototypes and PoC demonstrators. Global cooperation is highly desirable in this domain, and possibilities of cooperation based on the CERN experiment model will be discussed.Contact: [email protected]

Facilitated Li Insertion into TiO2 -based Ternary Oxides for Battery Application Marketa Zukalova* and Ladislav KavanJ. Heyrovsky Institute of Physical Chemistry-CAS, CzechRepublicAbstract

Li4Ti5O12, (LTO) is considered one of the most prospective anode materials for Li ion batteries due to its excellent electrochemical properties. It is called a zero-strain material because of its ability to insert and extract Li without significant structural changes and exhibits superior capacity retention and long cycle lifetimes. LTO material exhibiting charge capacity close to the theoretical one and cycling stability must consist of well-developed crystals possessing the sites in the lattice being able to accommodate Li. On the other hand, only nanocrystalline LTO with large surface area and a short diffusion path permits fast charging/discharging. Obviously, it is necessary to find an optimum trade-off between these contradictory requirements. In our work, Li4Ti5O12 spinel powders with different surface areas were prepared by a novel low temperature solid state route. TEM analysis showed the presence of two morphologies, larger Li4Ti5O12 crystals surrounded by nanocrystals of Li4Ti5O12. Cyclic voltammetry of Li insertion and galvanostatic chronopotentiometry at 1°C and 2°C rates confirmed the highest charge capacity for Li4Ti5O12 spinel with surface area of 21 m2 g-1. Due to optimized two-phase morphology this material exhibits excellent long time cycling stability during galvanostatic chronopotentiometry at 1°C and 2°C. Its discharge capacity at 2°C reached 180 mAh g-1 in the 1st cycle and dropped by less than 3% after 50 cycles. Hence, Li4Ti5O12 spinel prepared by our synthetic route represents a very promising material for fast Li-ion batteries.Biography

Dr. Marketa Zukalova works as a scientist in the J. Heyrovsky Institute of Physical Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences. She got her M Sc and Ph D. at the Charles University in Prague. Her work experience includes scientific stays in the University of Hannover, Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research and repeated research missions at the LPI at EPFL (Prof. Michael Graetzel). Marketa Zukalova’s research areas include synthesis and testing of novel materials for advanced batteries and solar cells. She is an author of 90 publications, her total number of citations is 2676, h-index 26.Contact: [email protected]


Session 7 | Other Innovative Molecular Technologies

INCA (Ionomer NC Analyses) Method. A New Approach to the Study of Perfluorinated IonomersRiccardo Narducci1,2,3* and Giulio Alberti1

1University of Rome Tor Vergata (URoma2), Italy2Aix Marseille Univ (AMU), France3International Associated Laboratory (L.I.A.), Italy/FranceAbstract

For 150 years fuel cells (FCs) have attracted the interest of the scientific community; the need for reduction of pollution and the continuous increase of petrol costs have reinforced the interest in these efficient and clean systems for the conversion of fuels into energy. But the present FC technology does not yet provide the desired performance and complete assurance for long durability in all climatic conditions. The proton conducting separators preferred by auto producers are perfluorosulfonic acid (PFSA) membranes at temperatures of about 80 °C. The principal target of the use of INCA Method (Ionomer NC Analyses) is the study and the understanding of ionomers, especially Nafion, in the conditions of use of the fuel cell and the improvement of ionomeric membranes under these operating conditions. These will also be shown: a preparation, with a new device, of Nafion membranes with layered morphology, the characterization of the degree of annealing in Nafion treated membranes with special annealing agents, and the preparation and NC/T plots of un-crystallized Nafion 1100 and semi-crystalline Nafion 1000.Biography

Riccardo Narducci has done double international PhD University of Rome Tor Vergata and Aix Marseille Université, Excellent Cum Laude. He has 24 publications and book chapter. He has participated in over 25 participations in international conference. He has one patent. He is in contract with CEMIN, Tor Vergata, Prolabin & Tefarm. He has received a research grant from CR PG foundation. He was a Adjunct Professor in University of Tor Vergata from 2011 to 2014. He is the Winner of Vinci Programme France/Italy for 2013 and 2016. He is the Review Editor of Frontiers in Energy Research (EPFL) and he is a Member of L.I.A.Contact : [email protected]

Retrofit Existing School Buildings to Achieve Net Zero Energy Goal with Minimal Environmental ImpactMing HuUniversity of Maryland, MD, USAAbstract

The average age of a school building in United States is about 42 years—which is nearly the expected serviceable lifespan of the building. K-12 schools in the United States represent approximately 8% of the energy use and 10% of the floor area in service buildings nationwide. The aim of this research project is to make a set of recommendations to for future building renovations with the aim to achieve a zero energy goal and provide information to help public school boards make long-term, holistic, environmentally friendly and energy-conscious facility management plans. This paper proposes a holistic framework to integrate building energy efficiency and indoor environmental quality to make a holistic and comprehensive assessment of existing building performance. A case study was undertaken to demonstrate the new framework. This occurred via the site measurement, occupancy survey, indoor environment comfort analysis, and energy retrofit simulation. This case study helps provide insights into practical building retrofit strategies for K–12 buildings in Maryland. Finally, the paper compares different existing façade renovation options and demonstrates potential energy saving benefit and environmental impact. Biography

Ming Hu is an Assistant Professor at the School of Architecture, Planning and Preservation, University of Maryland, College Park, affiliate faculty in the National Center for Smart Growth. She teaches technology courses focusing on the integration of architectural design with structural, materials and enclosure systems. Her research focuses on the intersections of building systems and green technologies with an emphasis on integrated net zero design, multi-performance systems, building longevity and design decision making. Her research methodologies include a variety of environmental simulation techniques such as life cycle assessment, energy modeling, as well as parametric façade design and 3D prototyping. Her students describe her as having the right balance between theory, concept, and methodology, with extensive practical experience. Contact: [email protected]


Parametric Optimization of PCM as a Passive Building Cooling Load Abatement MediumDibakar Rakshit* and Pranaynil SaikiaIndian Institute of Technology Delhi, IndiaAbstract

The study aims at parametric optimization of critical thermophysical properties required for the thermal performance evaluation of Phase Change Materials (PCMs). For the hot and dry climatic zone of India, five different PCMs have been studied for their effective utilization as thermal energy storage in building walls. From the studies it has been found that PCMs in the building walls curtail about 30% of the heat gain into the room by absorbing latent heat and thereby minimizing the temperature fluctuation inside the room. PCM system does this through the process of phase transition involved in heat exchanging phenomenon pertaining to wall fabric heat gain. The present parametric analysis provides insight into thermophysical properties like density, thermal conductivity, heat storage capacity etc which are crucial for the effective thermal performance of a PCM. Consequently, a range of values of material properties is estimated within which a material performs as an effective PCM under the given ambient conditions.Biography

Professor Dibakar Rakshit has thirteen years’ experience in thermofluid sciences pertaining to design and optimization of energy systems. After joining IIT Delhi as faculty Professor Rakshit continued his study of thermal energy storage capacity of materials that can be utilized for building energy conservation. At IIT Delhi, Professor Rakshit’s research has been sponsored by the Indo-Trento ITPAR program which is working on a sustainable grid free village. The research in which Professor Rakshit is involved is in designing a solar assisted vapor adsorption system for remote villages where grid independent cooling systems are required. Professor Rakshit also received funding from Department of Science and Technology through the Clean Energy Research Initiative Mission of Government for developing Nano-enhanced Phase Change Materials.Contact: [email protected]

Photovoltaic and Micro-Hydroelectric Proposed Plant for Stand Alone Electric Generation in a Sixty-Floor Skyscraper (P60)Rafaello CirilloUniversity of Roma “Sapienza”, ItalyAbstract

The aim of this paper is the feasibility study of a micro-hydroelectric (Pelton turbine with a rated power lower than 50 kW) and a Photovoltaic plant integrated in a sixty floor skyscraper. In this proposal, the hydraulic plant is located in the foundation and it is designed to use the grey water from each apartment; the photovoltaic system is on the top of the building, to take advantage of the height and the wind. A multi-tank configuration has been analyzed, its periodical emptying, fixes and regulates the turbine working cycles, guaranteeing a steady power generation; at the bottom of this turbine, a high efficient ultra-filtration plant has been designed. The purified water is now ready to be pumped back to the users and used again. On the roof, there are 28 solar strings, each one of 25 serial panels made, facing south and installed at a tilt angle of 35°. The total power is 165 kWp.


Non-Intrusive Load Monitoring Technology – The Final Objective of Smart Metering for an Efficient Electric NetworkTrung Kien Nguyen2*, Benjamin Nicolle2, Eric Dekneuvel1 and Gilles Jacquemod1,1University Nice Sophia Antipolis, France2Qualisteo Company, FranceAbstract

Even though we are evolving towards clean energy sources, a better power management for the energy efficiency is still important to slow down global warming. Therefore, smart meters-an emerging technology to help people know more about their energy consumption, are gradually replacing mechanical power meters. This paper will present NILM, an innovative technology, which provides traditional smart meters the capability to monitor the energy usage of individual appliance in an electrical network. The paper discusses about the additional services the NILM technology can offer. Electrical companies can use NILM to offer smarter electricity bills to their customers, displaying the percentage of power usage per household appliance in relation to their daily activity. These bills will give several hints to save energy, encouraging customers to change their energy usage habits or to replace newer appliances depending on their budget. Moreover, thanks to support of Machine Learning and Big Data technology, customers can estimate, according to daily habits, the energy and money they can save when buying a new appliance. That puts pressure on providers to produce more effective energy products. Finally, a use case of NILM will be presented in this paper, optimizing the energy efficiency of buildings, as well as curative maintenance. Biography

Trung Kien Nguyen obtained M.Sc. degree in Computer Science in 2010 and Ph.D. degree in Electronic Engineering in 2015 from the Nice Sophia Antipolis University, France. He is with Qualisteo company, working on NILM algorithms and developing specific applications to analyze the energy audit and implementing algorithms into the measurement systems. Contact: [email protected]


3November 22

Wednesday

Session-8 | Wind Energy Developments

Opportunities and Challenges of Wind Power in China’s Low Carbon TransitionXi Lu1* and Michael B. McElroy2

1Tsinghua University, China2Harvard University, MA, USAAbstract

In the 21st Conference of the Parties held in Paris in December 2015, China pledged to peak its carbon emissions and increase non-fossil energy to 20% by 2030 or earlier. Expanding renewable capacity, especially wind power, is a central strategy to achieve these climate goals. Despite greater capacity for wind installation in China compared to the US, less wind electricity is generated in China. The talk will focus on tackling such a complicated issue. It will begin with a brief review on the policy and history for development of wind power in China and then address particularly its economically feasible potential of wind power. In this context, a new approach is proposed to quantify the relative importance of the key factors accounting for the unsatisfactory performance of Chinese wind farms. Different from qualitative studies, our analysis indicates that the difference in wind resources explains only a small fraction of the current US-China difference in wind power output; the curtailment of wind power, differences in turbine quality and delayed connection to the grid are identified as the three primary factors. Improvements in both technology choices and the policy environment are critical in addressing these challenges. Countermeasures will be discussed in the case studies at the end. Biography

Xi Lu is an Associate Professor in School of Environment, Tsinghua University. He has received his PhD in the John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences at Harvard University in 2010. His primary research area concentrates on modeling complex systems of renewable energy, environment and climate including resource assessment for wind and solar power, complementary effects of wind, solar and hydro power and the benefits for grid integration, energy storage, emission inventory of GHGs and air pollutants. He has published papers in Science, PNAS, Nature Energy and Nature Communications on these topics. He won the Chinese Government Award for Outstanding Self-Financed Students Abroad in 2010, and was selected in the One Thousand Talents Program for Young Professionals in 2015.Contact: [email protected]

Methods for Analyzing Operational Data of Wind Turbines to Enable an Enhancement of Economic ViabilityMichael Pagitsch*, Georg Jacobs, Dennis Bosse and Christian LiewenRWTH Aachen University, GermanyAbstract

In the progress of global energy transition, wind turbines (WTs) play an important role all over the planet. The levelized cost of energy (LCOE) of both onshore and offshore WTs is still higher than that of fossil-based methods of energy production. In order to improve the competitiveness of WTs, their LCOE must be lowered. This can be achieved by increasing the amount of produced energy (e.g. by improving the availability) or by reducing the operational costs (by enhancing the effectiveness of maintenance activities as a step towards predictive maintenance).

Every wind turbine is operated by a SCADA system (supervisory control and data acquisition). The data acquired and produced by that system is available in low temporal resolution without installation of additional sensors and can be deployed. First studies show that there is significant potential for analyzing and improving the operational state of a turbine by making use of the SCADA data. After extraction of the actual characteristic line, anomalies can be detected by comparison with the intended characteristic line. Furthermore, the thermal behaviour can be evaluated by an online comparison between measured values and predicted values based on historical data.

At the Center for Wind Power Drives (Aachen) a 2.75 MW-WT is operated on a system test bench for research purposes. The WT is run in Hardware-in-the-Loop mode with its controller activated; hence it behaves exactly as in field operation. Therefore, the measurement data acquired in comprehensive test campaigns are valid for demonstrating the functionality of the evaluation methods described above.


BiographyMichael Pagitsch, M. Sc., studied Mechanical Engineering at RWTH University. After his graduation, he took up a post as

a scientific assistant in the field of testing methods for wind drive trains. He is responsible for the measurement instrumentation at the 4 MW test bench. Furthermore he deals with methods for storing, managing and systematically evaluating data acquired in bench tests and field operation.Contact: [email protected]

Aluminium as an Energy Storage Vector for Electricity-Grid managementK. Ravindranathan Thampi*, Anthony Newell, Fiachra J. Maher and Cillian Hayde *University College Dublin, Ireland, Abstract

As renewable energy sources are intermittent, suitable energy storage methods are required for wider acceptance of carbon-free energy technologies. Storage of surplus solar and wind power as H2 is one of the most desired options as it also serves as an effective way to stabilize the power supply grid. However, H2 storage imposes several technical bottlenecks. Production of H2 on demand is therefore a better option and is suitable for a variety of applications. Even though H2 has a high mass specific energy density (LHV = 120 MJ.kg-1), its volume specific energy density (LHV = 0.011 MJ.L-1) is rather poor. Aluminium with a very high specific energy density of 28.8 MJ.kg-1 can serve as a suitable energy storage vector capable for producing clean H2on demand when required. Overall, in energy terms, 13.3 MJ H2 equivalent and 15.5 MJ of heat, per kg of aluminium are possible to be recovered in total. A combined heat and power cycle efficiency of about 38% is achievable based on recycle processing and subsequent electro-refining (76.4MJ.kg-1). The method can be effectively used to avoid compressed H2 gas storage. The reaction product Al(OH)3 can be easily recycled back to Al metal as no other additives or corrosive chemicals are used. A techno-economic analysis will also be presented briefly.Biography

Prof. Thampi is SFI-Stokes Professor and Vice-Principal of Internationalization for Engineering & Architecture, University College Dublin. He teaches Renewable Energy related Chemical and Physical Processes, Applied Chemistry for Engineers and Micro- and Nano- materials science. His research interests include solar energy conversion, fuel cells, artificial photosynthesis, solar fuels, heterogeneous catalysis, petroleum chemistry and hydrogen economy. He has several patents and over 150 publications to his credit. Before joining UCD, he was with EPFL in Lausanne. He is the co-chair of CESAER task force on internationalization of technical education and introduction of UN SDGs into education and training methods for scientists and engineers.Contact: [email protected]


Session-9 | Solar Energy Developments

Thermo-Chemical Storage for Renewable Energies: Getting Uniform Injection into the GridM.C. Rodríguez-Hidalgo

1*, A. Lecuona

2, P. Rodríguez-Aumente

2, M. Legrand

2and A. López

1

1Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Spain

2Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Spain

AbstractThe intermittent behavior of all renewable energies leads to the need of energy storage in order to be able to inject a

smoother electrical power into the grid or/and to have available energy when the demand requires it. This paper shows an innovative storage system based on the absorption/desorption of a vapor at different pressures. This system uses thermal and mass transfer processes to store mechanical/electrical energy and afterwards gives it back as continuous power, more suitable for trading with the grid market. The system consists of a compressor, two storage tanks for accumulating a liquid solution at different pressures, where the vapor is absorbed or desorbed, and an expander machine connected to an electrical generator. The compressor is moved with the renewable source energy and gives vapor at high pressure, the expander converts the internal energy stored at high pressure into mechanical and finally the generator is connected to the grid in order to attend the demand. A detailed numerical simulation has been developed to predict the performance of the storage system under transient operating conditions, as it is typical of the renewable sources, and determining the appropriate design parameters. The results obtained from the simulation show interesting and relevant conclusions about both the energy exploitation and the efficiency parameters of the energy storage system for a continuous electricityproduction.Biography

M. C. Rodríguez-Hidalgo is PhD for the Universidad Carlos III de Madrid since 2010. She has been professor at Universidad Carlos III of Madrid for seven years, and now she is professor at Universidad Politécnica de Madrid since 2011, being also the Register of the Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Navales, where she works. She has written fourteen papers at JCR journals with more than 260 cites, which make her hold a citation index of eleven. She has participated in several national investigation projects and different investigation contracts with different enterprises.

Photovoltaic Solar Cooker with Thermal Energy Storage Based on PCMAntonio Lecuona-Neumann1*, J.I. Nogueira-Goriba1, Mathieu Legrand and M.C. Rodriguez- Hidalgo2

1Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Spain 2Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, SpainAbstract

Aproposalandanalysisofaninnovativefamily-sizesolarcooker,basedonaphotovoltaicsolarpanel and on a modified low-cost cooking robot, is offered in order to substitute the health damaging indoor firewood cooking that according to International Organization causes around 2 million premature deaths annually. No batteries are required for consciousness on cost, environment and reliability. Instead, a composite Thermal Energy Storage (TES) based on an edible widely available Phase Change Material (PCM) is implemented in a container so that cooking with no sun is possible using the stored heat. This way electricity storage is deferred to heat storage for a basic thermal consumption with advantages. The solar panel can serve other electrical needs of the home such as illumination and communications. The purpose is to offer an advanced tool for fighting against energy poverty, reduce global warming and alleviate the burdens of dirty cook stoves on people and the environment in the third world.Biography

Antonio Lecuona-Neumann, born in 1953, is full professor in Thermal Engineering. He carried out his thesis in the School of Aeronautics at UPM Madrid on nuclear fusion modeling, using explosives for spheres implosion, in 1980. Afterwards he entered research in Internal Combustion Engines, teaching also Turbo machines, Environmental Engineering and Energy Engineering. He has participated in 8 European Union research programs. He is co-author of around 100 research papers in journals with above 1500 Scopus WoS cites, h20. Now he is engaged in solar thermal polygeneration and laser techniques for flow characterization.Contact: [email protected]


Hourly Ensemble Forecast for Purchased Photovoltaic GenerationHisashi TakedaTokyo Electric Power Company Holdings, Inc., JapanThe Graduate University for Advanced Studies, JapanAbstract

A novel forecasting method for purchased photovoltaic (PV) generation is proposed. Electric utilities in Japan have been obliged to purchase excess renewable energies at a fixed price through a government-guaranteed period. Since PV power is a virtually uncontrollable power source for utilities, it is important to accurately forecast PV power generation on an hourly or semi-hourly basis for stable supply-demand balance. Hourly PV power forecasting is, however, not an easy task for utilities without smart meter systems, since only reported monthly PV purchase volumes and hourly weather information are available. Major utilities in Japan have used physics-based models for PV forecasting. Since these models do not have a process of model-fitting to observed data, a systematic bias problem occurs and leads directly to a large imbalance penalty.

The proposed method is used to solve the problem. In this study, hourly PV power is first modeled in the form of state-space models (SSMs), which incorporate a local power model and PV system parameters. Hourly installed PV capacities are then estimated using data that are available on a monthly basis. Finally, using the hourly capacities and weather observations, data assimilation in the SSMs is performed by an ensemble Kalman filter. As a result, the hourly physics-based PV power models are enhanced by monthly PV purchase volumes, andsignificantly outperform an existing operational model. Furthermore, it is possible to simultaneously estimate PV system parameters, such as the coefficient of PV conversion, in the data-assimilation process.Biography

Hisashi Takeda is a statistician at Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings, Inc. He received his B.Sc. in Electrical Engineering, M.Sc. in Mechanical Engineering from U of Tsukuba, and M.A. in Statistics from Columbia U. His Ph.D. study regarding electricity load forecasting was carried out at The Graduate University for Advanced Studies. His research activity is focused on applications of data assimilation technology. For digitalization of utility, he is currently leading several industry-academia collaborations.Contact: [email protected]

Operation of Distribution Systems Considering the Diffusion of Photovoltaic Microgeneration to Residential ConsumersDaniel Pinheiro Bernardon*, Luciane Neves Canha and Laura Callai dos SantosFederal University of Santa Maria, BrazilAbstract

With the advent of Distributed Generation (DG), consumers start to play an active role in the electric system, where they are able to invest in a specific generation system, with Low Voltage (LV) solar energy as the most promising source for residential consumers. For system operation, the adoption of DG by residential consumers introduces a factor of uncertainty, since the decision to adhere to DG relies on the subjective judgment of each individual. In this context, this work presents a new methodology for the projection of diffusion of photovoltaic systems to residential consumers of LV. The model was developed using the System Dynamic technique in conjunction with the Bass model to foresee the diffusion of photovoltaic systems in residential consumers throughout time. Based on the projection of these consumers, the Monte Carlo Method is used to determine the diffusion of Photovoltaic Systems throughout space. Finally, to evaluate the performance and the efficiency of the proposed method, different scenarios of diffusion projection were tested in the southern Brazil, RGE Sul power utility. The results demonstrate that the diffusion of Photovoltaic System depends on several factors, for example, the price of the panel’s installation, energy tariff, incentives for Photovoltaic Systems purchase and adoption by other consumers.Biography

Daniel Pinheiro Bernardon is an Associate Professor at the Federal University of Santa Maria, Brazil and a IEEE Senior Member. He has completed his Bachelor’s in 2000, Master’s in 2004 and Doctorate in Electric Engineering from the Federal University of Santa Maria (2007), Brazil. His experience is in Electric Engineering, focusing on Power Systems, working on the following subjects: distribution networks, reliability, multi-criteria decision-making methods and Smart Grid.Contact: [email protected]


Session-10 | Mechanical Aspects of Power Distribution

LINK-Technology for a Complete Smart Grid SolutionAlbana IloTechnical University Wien, AustriaAbstract

The structure of power systems is greatly changing due to the penetration of decentralized generation. Although they encompass a high flexibility, their large-scale penetration interferes with power system operation at all voltage levels. To eliminate this flaw different concepts such as Virtual Power Plants, Microgrids and Cellular Approach have been introduced, but still no truly satisfactory solution is in sight.

LINK is a new Smart Grid paradigm, which creates the basis for the realization of a complete Smart Grid solution. The LINK-solution provides the unified LINK-based operating architecture, which places under the same umbrella the entire power grid (high, medium and low voltage networks), generation and storage facilities, customer plants and market. It reorganizes the management of the grid, production, storage and consumers by creating clearly defined units, so called “Links”, each with its own control system and well-defined interfaces to their neighboring units and the market. This allows a simpler and more automated electricity industry, while offering more stability and the resolution of data privacy issues. LINK-technology facilitates this architecture, and handles all operating processes, such as load-frequency balance, voltage assessment, demand response, etc.. One of its main elements, the Grid-Link, operates as a single autonomous system and provides the required flexibility through the secondary control, which is used as a sustainable, resilient, base interaction instrument on a large scale throughout the different regions of the entire grid. Grid-Links are single systems which meet local needs for reliability and security by respecting the requirements of the neighboring ones.Biography

Albana Ilo received her Ph.D. in power engineering from the Vienna University of Technology, Austria. After completing her formal education Dr. Ilo worked with Siemens AG Austria, where she successfully established the Distribution Network Analyses topic at the Development Centre Europe. She worked successfully as an expert in many research, development and implementation projects and was therefore promoted to Principal Key Expert Consultant. Since October 2013, she has been working at TU Wien, Austria, where she develops and promotes the LINK-Solution. In addition, Albana Ilo has been increasingly engaged as an independent expert reviewer with the EU commission, energy sector.Contact: [email protected]

Distributed Generation with Photovoltaic Grid-Connected Systems: Drivers and a Brazilian Case StudyHaroldo de Faria Jr.*, Federico B. M. Trigoso and João A. M. CavalcantiFederal University of ABC, BrazilAbstract

Renewable electricity generation is increasing worldwide as part of long term strategies aimed at reducing greenhouse-gas emissions and obtaining a sustainable electricity supply. It is well known that electric energy generation, mainly the one based on fossil fuels, can cause harm to the environment through the emission of toxic gases and particles. The penetration of non-conventional renewable and alternative energy sources into the electric grid such as wind, solar, and small hydro has occurred due to specific market mechanisms designed to stimulate its implementation, technological development, and environmental concerns. Nevertheless, solar energy utilization is highly untapped and underutilized in most countries. This study will present the main drivers used to foster the utilization of photovoltaic systems in the world and describe the main obstacles that may be classified as technological, legislative (policy) and financial. A Brazilian case study will give a background on the development of the first photovoltaic systems and show the importance of solar energy for the diversification of the electric energy matrix in Brazil, which depends on the stochastic availability of water to generate the bulk of its electricity. The incentives implemented to date will be described, along with others that, if put into practice, could further the development of solar electricity generation. The main obstacles to the widespread utilization of solar generation and some policy recommendations are also described. Biography

Haroldo de Faria Jr. received the M.Sc. and the D.Sc. degree in electrical engineering from the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in 1998 and 2005, respectively. In 2000, he joined CEPEL, the Brazilian Electric Power Research Center, where he worked as a power systems researcher until 2005. From 2005 to 2008, he worked as an electric energy consultant for


an independent consulting and engineering company. He is an adjunct professor at the Federal University of ABC, Brazil and is currently carrying out post-doc studies at the University of Liège, Belgium.Contact: [email protected]

The Role of Design in Energy Storage System of Electric VehiclesJian Zhang*, Akhil Garg and Xiongbin PengShantou University, ChinaAbstract

Energy storage systems are critical to the development of electric vehicles. Specifications of an electric vehicle including the price, driving distance, environmental impact, lifespan, recharging time, and safety are highly influenced by the energy storage system. From the design points of view, this presentation discusses the influence advanced design methodologies on the development of energy storage systems can have. A case study on the design of electric vehicle to satisfy personalized customer requirements is presented. An outlook on chances and challenges of design in energy storage systems of electric vehicle is given.Biography

Jian Zhang is currently an associate professor at Shantou University, China. He received his PhD degree from University of Calgary, Canada. His research interests include design theory and method (including adaptable design, interface design, robust design, etc.), energy storage system design, design of light industrial equipment. He is an author and co-author of nearly 40 technical publications and 4 Chinese invention patents.Contact: [email protected]

Some Peculiarities of Fission Products Release from CP.A.S. Ivanov* and A.A. RusinkevichNRC Kurchatov Institute, Russia Abstract

The current level of technology allows one to get the probability of CP damage less than 3×10-6. Thus, the release of GFP is <3×10-6 from their production. However, the release of radioactive silver from intact CP at the working temperature of 1200°C is higher than 3×10-6 during its production. Hence, the problem of metal FP release from intact CP is very important.

Transport of fission products through fuel particle coating layers has a number of distinctive features at high burnup levels. First of all, this is a so-called “trapped fraction” effect. This effect is associated with the need to renormalize the source function for fission products produced in the course of the burnup process. The point is that chemical bonding of fission products and the effect of these processes on the diffusion transport should be taken into consideration when constructing the source function.

Another interesting and important effect is the necessity of taking into account solubility of FP in fuel particle coatings. It should be noted that solubility could have an impact on FP release for two reasons: as a result of her limitations, and due to of jumps of concentrations at interfaces. The first reason plays an important role at deep burnup. The FP concentration in the coated particle increases with increasing burnup, and at some point the concentration of any of the components may become higher than the limit of solubility in one or another coating material. In this case, the growth of the component concentration is stopping. That has a direct impact on the flow and the integral release of fission product under consideration.

The second reason may play an important role in the presence of big jumps of components concentrations at interfaces. For example, on the borders of dense pyrocarbon and SiC power layer, concentration jumps of some fission products can be very significant for all values of concentrations.

Degree of the impact of these jumps on the flow and the integral release of fission products for CP with plutonium kernels has been studied in this paper. This effect may serve as one of the reasons for the discrepancy between the calculated and experimental data obtained in recent experiments. Accounting for all of these effects can reduce the uncertainties in predicting and interpreting the experimental data.Contact: [email protected]


An Efficient Abnormal System Call Detection Method for Smart Grid Devices using Community Structure TechniquesIncheol ShinMokpo National University, South KoreaAbstract

The Smart Grid initiative aims to propel utilities and their electricity delivery systems into the 21st century with the aid of various information and communication technologies. A wide range of different control devices/systems will be interconnected through the internet and peer-to-peer connections as well as closed networks like those used in Smart Grid infrastructures.

There have been an increasing number of threats from threat vectors by shifting the legacy electrical systems into advanced power grid systems, the Smart Grid. However, the security technologies have not been considered properly to apply to the advanced electrical power system, but employing existing security methods from the Internet.

The important problem to build the control systems is that it has been proved that the security objective of the advanced electrical control systems is drastically different from the Internet in terms of the security triad: Availability, Integrity and Credentiality (AIC) in order, not CIA for IT systems. In our research, we develop an efficient abnormal system call detection method for Smart Grid devices using Community Structures in order to keep the operational availability of the advanced control systems during potential attacks, thus protecting them against various cyber-physical threats.Biography

Incheol Shin is an assistant professor of Computer Security Department at the Mokpo National University. He received his Ph.D. degree in Computer Engineering at University of Florida. His work for this work has been supported by Korea Electric Power Corporation (KEPCO) in Korea. His main areas of interest include Smart Grid security, computer networks and computer theory.Contact: [email protected]

Trends on Smart Grid Research in Europe & Importance of Demand Response for a Low carbon Grid: A Test Case DescriptionNikoleta AndreadouJoint Research Centre, European Commission, ItalyAbstract

In this work, the trends on smart grid research in Europe are presented. The topics of research of the ongoing and already accomplished smart grid European projects are analysed along with the activities of the smart grid laboratories. Particular focus is given on the projects that are directly or indirectly linked to smart metering applications, for which the trends on the technological solutions used are presented.

The analysis of the projects and laboratories activities shows that particular interest is given on Demand Response (DR) / Demand Side Flexibility (DSF). Demand Response is vital for a low carbon electricity grid. In this work, a simple DR lab test is presented. For the test, the consumption of end-users is replicated in a small scale, meaning that some real home profiles are replicated with the use of smart meters, which in turn send their readings regularly to the energy provider. The energy provider monitors the load consumption. In order to avoid peaks in the overall load demand, load shifting is decided and planned. Further on, messages are sent to the end-users inviting them to take part in the demand response program. In case of a positive feedback, certain domestic electrical loads are shifted to non-peak time hours. The energy provider monitors the new situation and conclusions are drawn with respect to the actions taken.Biography

Nikoleta Andreadou received the B.Sc. degree in Electrical and Computer Engineering from Democritus University of Thrace, Greece, in 2004, the M.Sc degree in “Mobile Communication Systems” from University of Surrey, UK, in 2005 and the PhD degree in Electrical and Computer Engineering (telecommunications) from Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece, in 2009. She has performed post-doc research in University of Udine, Italy, in 2012. She is currently working at the Energy Security, Distribution and Markets Unit at the European Commission, Joint Research Centre. Her research interests include among others power line communications, smart metering applications, interoperability on smart grids, demand response.Contact: [email protected]


Novel Structure for Reactive Power Market by Considering Reactive Losses Caused by Active Power FlowMohsen Kalantar* and Alireza AhmadimaneshIran University of Science & Technology, IranAbstract

In this paper, a new structure for reactive power market is presented. Considering reactive power losses caused by active power flow in the reactive power market is the main purpose of this paper. Hence, this study tries to improve reactive power market and create fair competition in reactive power generation. Furthermore, the cost payment function of synchronous generators is modified by correct modeling of required reactive power for auxiliary equipment of the unitBiography

Mohsen Kalantar was born on 1961 in Iran. He received his Ph.D. from the Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi, India in 1991. Dr. Kalantar is currently an Associate Professor in the Department of Electrical Engineering at the Iran University of Science and Technology in

Tehran. He is also a member of the Center of Excellence for Power System Automation and Operation. He has around 30 journal publications and has presented about 100 papers at International Conferences. His field of interest includes wind and solar power generation, power system dynamics and control, system stability and optimization, power system deregulation, and FACTS devices.Contact: [email protected]

Grid-forming VSC Control in Four-Wire Systems with Unbalanced Nonlinear LoadsRubén Lliuyacc1*, Juan M. Mauricio1, Antonio Gomez-Exposito1, Mehdi Savaghebi2,Josep M. Guerrero2

1University of Seville, Spain2Aalborg University, DenmarkAbstract

A grid-forming voltage source converter (VSC) is responsible to hold voltage and frequency in autonomous operation of isolated systems. In the presence of unbalanced loads, a fourth leg is added to provide current path for neutral currents. In this presentation, a novel control scheme for a four-leg VSC feeding unbalanced linear and nonlinear loads is presented. The control is based on two control blocks. A main control commands the switching sequence to the three-phase VSC ensuring balanced three-phase voltage at the output; and an independent control to the fourth leg drives neutral currents that might appear. The proposed control is noninvasive in the sense that both control blocks are independently implemented, avoiding the use of complex modulation techniques such as 3D-SVPWM. Moreover, the main control is deployed in dqo reference frame, which guarantees zero steady-state error, fast transient response during system disturbances and mitigation of harmonics when nonlinear loads are present. Simulations and experimental results are presented to verify the performance of the proposed control strategy.Biography

Ruben received the B.Eng. degree in Mechanical and Electrical Engineering from the National University of Engineering, Lima, Peru, in 2011. From July 2011 to October 2012, he worked as a Junior Engineer at the electric utility Statkraft Peru and then as a Research Assistant at Masdar Institute of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, UAE. Ruben received his MSc in Electric Energy Systems from the University of Seville, in 2014, where he is currently pursuing his PhD as part of project ADVANTAGE in the Design and Implementation of Novel Control Algorithms for the Effective Integration of Distributed Generators.


DNA (Detecting Neutron Agent) Signature of Bulk Warfare: Explosive, Chemical and Biological with the Application of High Energy Gamma Emitted from IEC Generator, with Radiation Flux Level Equivalent to the Altitude of Commercial FlightsYasser R. ShabanExpert Committee Member, Guangdong Provincial Strategic Alliance Of Medical Devices Innovation School of Biomedical Engineering Southern Medical University, ChinaAbstract

The identity of bulk warfare can be precisely measured with our newly approach DNA (Detecting Neutron Agent). The principle of DNA is based on measuring the macroscopic cross section (N σ) and the mass fraction of the elements of object under question by irradiating it to pulsed radiations, gamma, at different energies 6, 8, 10, 15 and 17 MeV in a consequent time for a stationary or moving object. The ejected fast prompt neutrons are moderated and collected by several detectors in the opposite side of the interrogated object at each point of the gamma radiators. The DNA system is composed of two unique compact devices: inertial electrostatic confinement IEC fusion vessel for gamma emitters and a paraxial magnetic field pressure cell FPC for neutron detection as a function of pressure. The high energy gammas with approximate rate of 104 γ /s are generated from IEC as a result of bombardment of fast protons onto several chosen targets below the threshold (p, n) reaction of each target. The fast protons (4.286-MeV) are generated in IEC from He-3/He-3 fusion fuel with the assist of external ion injector. A fusion yield of 4 x 107 p/s is achievable with the present IEC vessel at cathode power 45 kW. Depending on the size of the object, it would be restricted to a neutron flux of 1 n/(cm2-sec) or equivalent dose (specific energy). Airline Passengers are exposed to fast neutron flux of 1 n/(cm2-sec) during their flight at altitude 10 km.Biography

Y.R.Shaban was born on Warsaw Poland in 1962. Shaban completed B.Sc., in Nuclear Engineering, University of Alexandria, Egypt in 1985. Shaban received Master of Science, Nuclear, Plasma, and Radiological Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign UIUC USA in 1990. Shaban received Ph.D., Nuclear, Plasma, and Radiological Engineering, UIUC, USA in 1993.

Dr Shaban awarded a fellowship in 1995 CNPQ, Brasil. In 2003 awarded a selected project from National Aeronautics and Space Administration NASA: USA. In 2013 awarded best speaker in China from Tsinghua University, Beijing, China. In 2015 awarded a fellowship from Guangdong Provincial Strategic Alliance, China.Contact: [email protected]


1-D Numerical Simulation of a Counter-Current Two-Phase Flow Layout Inside a Parabolic Trough Solar Collector used for Absorption Cooling/HeatingAntonio Lecuona-Neumann1*, Ricardo López-Silva1, , J.I. Nogueira-Goriba1 and M.C. Rodriguez- Hidalgo21Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Spain 2Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, SpainAbstract

In the present work, a detailed 1-D numerical simulation in transient-conditions is carried out for an innovative combination of direct solar vapor generation (DSG) for an absorption cycle that incorporates some innovations: hybridized, combined and with the capability of consuming electricity when solar is not enough and generating electricity when neither heat nor cold are required. This way a very resilient energy system can be fully configured and implemented in electricity grids with minimum storage.

A parabolic trough solar collector in which the working fluid of the absorption cycle flows under a counter-current two-phase flow stratified regime inside the receiver tube. This simulation is carried for both; the refrigerant flows (LiNO

3/

NH3solution and NH

3vapor) and the tube wall temperature distribution. The numerical model developed allows studying

important transient phenomena in solar collectors due to the unsteadiness of sun radiation. The mathematical model consists of 1-D streamwise balance equations for mass, momentum and energy for both fluids and only the energy balance for the wall in the peripheral direction.

The numerical method for both flows consists of a finite volume discretization on a staggered grid using the semi-implicit pressure link equations for the coupling of velocity-pressure and vapor cross area; the temporal integration is made with a high order implicit Runge-Kutta (ESDIRK) method. The numerical experiments consist of a parametric study of inlet liquid mass flow, liquid area and pipe diameter.Biography

Antonio Lecuona-Neumann, born in 1953, is full professor in Thermal Engineering. He carried out his thesis in the School of Aeronautics at UPM Madrid on nuclear fusion modeling, using explosives for spheres implosion, in 1980. Afterwards he entered research in Internal Combustion Engines, teaching also Turbomachines, Environmental Engineering and Energy Engineering. He has participated in 8 European Union research programs. He is co-author of around 100 research papers in journals with above 1500 Scopus WoS citations, h20. Now he is engaged in solar thermal polygeneration and laser techniques for flow characterization.Contact: [email protected]

Posters Presentations


Dairy Wastewater Recycling Possibilities to Biogas Production Applying Lactic Acid Fermentation in the Acidification StageGrazina Juodeikiene1*, Dalia Cizeikiene1, Christoph Glasner2, Elena Bartkiene3, Dovile Klupsaite1, Jonas Damasius1, Alexander Dikiy4, Elena Shumilina4, Nebojša Ilić5, Santino Di Berardino6 and César Foncesa6

1Kaunas University of Technology, Lithuania2Fraunhofer Institute for Environmental, Safety, and Energy Technology UMSICHT, Germany3Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Lithuania4Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway5Institute of Food Technology, Serbia6Unidade de Bioenergia, PortugalAbstract

Dairy wastewaters could be huge pollutants and at the same time, they are suitable source for renewable energy. Plant biomass, e.g. lupine, could be an additional source for biogas production. The aim of this study was to apply Lactobacillus bulgaricus (LB) in the acidification stage in order to increase the yield of methane. Additionally, the recycling of lupine biomass to biogas was carried including enzymatic pretreatment, microbial fermentation, and the combination of both steps.

Using NMR it was determined that dairy wastewater is a good nutrients resource for fermentation. The efficiency of the methanogenesis process is significantly affected by the fermentation. During the two-stage biogas production the highest yield of methane (76%) was obtained from wastewater using a two-stage process compared to one-stage (38%). Such treatment also decreases the pollution of the waste, by reducing the chemical oxygen demand (COD) and biological oxygen demand (BOD) to 0.199 and 0.031 g/l, respectively. The results of lupine biomass utilisation revealed that the application of enzymes is efficient for lupine biomass pre-treatment, increasing the saccharafication process by 16%. Using the two-stage process (including fermentation), 65% of methane has been obtained, while using only enzymatic pre-treatment of biomass the methane yield reached 71%. The highest methane yield (81 %) was obtained using fermentation in combination with enzymatic pre-treatment of biomass. Biography

Prof. Habil. Dr. Juodeikiene G. at Kaunas University of Technology (KTU) in Lithuania is head of a research team at the Department of Food Science and Technology and received her qualification of Engineer of Food Technology from KTU, and subsequently an doctorate on Food Biosciences at Kiew Technological Institute of the Food Industry (Ukraine) and a doctor habilitatus based on a dissertation, defended on Instrumental Sciences at Moscow Food Industry Technological Institute (Russia). Her research areas are basically in Food-and Industrial Biotechnology, Microbiology and Sensory Sciences, and Food and Nutritional Toxicology. Her research is tightly connected to industry and she is experienced in collaborating with industrial partners and in conducting large scale national projects (BIOFITAS, BIOECOTECH), as well as international (FP7 projects such as SUSMILK, Eureka projects: FERMFOOD, ACOUCTICS, EMPATHIC). As active participant in a FP7 project SUSMILK she beliefs that agriculture and food industry waste bioconversion to (green) chemicals, value added products and biogas is not only economically beneficial, but could also make the planet greener.Contact: [email protected]


Smart Synthesis of New Liquid Crystals with Thiophene Units for Lithium-Ion Batteries and Solar CellsKrzysztof A. Bogdanowicz*, Agnieszka Iwan and Adam JanuszkoMilitary Institute of Engineer Technology, PolandAbstract

Liquid Crystals (LCs) combine the fluidity of fluids and the ordered structure of crystalline solids. LCs with select groups incorporated into the structure active elements (i.e. stilbene groups, dendrons) allow obtaining selectively sensitive material. Furthermore, those materials have been applied in a variety of systems, such as memory-shape materials, sensors or photo-optical displays. Thanks to an abundancy of available structures, LC molecules can self-assemble, forming well-organized, nano- and sub-nanosized 1D, 2D and 3D structures capable of transporting ions and/or electrons. Their applicability has been proven for lithium-ion batteries as electrolytes, photovoltaic devices as semiconductors and potentially in fuel cells as ion-conducting separators.

The main goal of this study is to design and synthesize novel liquid crystalline molecules and polymers containing thiophene units modified with dendritic wedge-shape molecules. In order to modify the properties of new polymers with thiophene rings, a molecular engineering aspect was included, based on the use of starting materials of different chemical structure and different conjugation possibilities, and supramolecular engineering based on thermally induced self-assembly of polymers. It is expected that those new materials used as a component in a polymeric matrix will form ion- or electron-conductive channels, depending on their chemical structure. What is more, an assessment of their potential applicability for photovoltaic devices and lithium ion batteries as solid electrolyte will be done.Biography

Dr. Bogdanowicz completed his Ph.D. from the Universitat Rovirai Virgili and postdoctoral studies from Centre Tecnològic de la Química, both in Tarragona (Spain). He formerly worked at the Institut Català d’Investigació Química, as project researcher in the Henkel- ICIQ Joint Unit, also in Tarragona, and as a visiting professor at Universitat Rovirai Virgili. Since March 2017 he moved to the Military Institute of Engineer Technology (Wroclaw, Poland) and has assistant professor position in the Institute. His current research focuses on fuel cells, lithium ion batteries, solar cells, polymers, graphene and liquid crystals.Contact: [email protected]

Performance Evaluation of Semitransparent Photovoltaic Thermal (PVT) integrated Thermoelectric Cooler (TEC) Air Collector based on Artificial Neural Network ModelNeha Dimri1* and G.N. Tiwari2

1Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, India2Bag Energy Research Society (BERS), IndiaAbstract

In this research, an artificial neural network (ANN) based model has been proposed for semitransparent photovoltaic thermal integrated thermoelectric cooler (PVT-TEC) air collector. The performance of semitransparent PVT-TEC air collector has been evaluated using mathematical thermal model and ANN based model for four weather conditions (a, b, c and d type) in New Delhi weather station of India. ANN based model has been used to determine the thermal energy, electrical energy, overall thermal energy and overall exergy generated by the semitransparent PVT-TEC air collector. The results illustrate that the annual electrical energy generated by semitransparent PVT-TEC air collector is the maximum, when compared with [case-(i)] semitransparent photovoltaic (PV) air collector (by 7.02% to 9.67%) and [case-(ii)] semitransparent photovoltaic with thermoelectric cooler (PV-TEC) air collector (by 4.64% to 5.59%). Further, the annual electrical energy, thermal energy, overall thermal energy and overall exergy of semitransparent PVT-TEC air collector is found to be 1449.5 kWh, 1274.5 kWh, 5089 kWh and 1520.8 kWh respectively.Biography

Neha Dimri completed her B.Tech in Computer Science and Engineering from Indira Gandhi Delhi Technical University for Women (earlier known as, Indira Gandhi Institute of Technology), Delhi, India and M.Tech in Software Engineering from Delhi Technological University, Delhi, India. Currently, she is pursuing her Ph.D. from Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi. As a part of her doctoral thesis, she is working on solar collector technologies for efficiently harnessing solar energy. She has recently published a research paper in the journal of Energy Conversion and Management, on the thermal modelling and performance comparison of different collector configurations (doi : 10.1016/j.enconman.2017.05.017).contact: [email protected]


Thermodynamic Analysis of High Temperature Organic Rankine CycleMan-Hoe Kim*, Faraz Aziz and Roshaan MudasarKyungpook National University, South KoreaAbstract

A thermodynamic analysis of a high temperature organic Rankine cycle (ORC) using three working fluids such as m-xylene (aromatics), propylcyclohexane and decane (alkanes) has been conducted. The various performance parameters are investigated with increase in evaporation pressure within a specified applicable range. The energy analysis reveals that m-xylene yields the maximum turbine work output of 165.5kW as compared to 143.3kWand 138.0kW for propylcyclohexane and decane at 19 bar. However the exergy efficiencies for decane and propylcyclohexane are 1-2% higher than m-xylene at the same pressure. Alkanes show lower mass flow rates which entails their use as a viable option for high temperature ORC applications. Optimal evaporation pressure values are deduced for propylcyclohexane based on comparison between two different sets of performance parameters. Turbine exit temperatures for all three working fluids have also been investigated to incorporate an internal heat exchanger into the system to improve the system efficiency.Biography

Dr. Man-Hoe Kim is a professor of School of Mechanical Engineering, Kyungpook National University (KNU). He received his Ph.D. degree in mechanical engineering from the KAIST in 1988. Prior to join in KNU in 2012, he worked for Samsung Electronics Co. for 15 years and worked at KAIST for 10 years as a Professor of Practice. His main research interests are in the areas of heat transfer and energy systems. Contact: [email protected]

Development of a System for Monitoring the Effectiveness of Renewable Energy Installations under Harsh Climate ConditionsS.E. Shcheklein, Yu.E. Nemikhin, A.I. Popov and V.I. VelkinUrals Federal University, RussiaAbstract

While solving the renewable energy tasks, problems with the calculation of some statistical changes, important for the development of their structure and practical application may arise. The following factors are stochastic:- Energy reception (solar, wind, water resources, etc.)- Energy consumption (domestic, municipal and industrial areas)- Changes in ambient temperature.

These factors have a wide range of time changes, periodic and random components.In order to fulfill the detailed analysis of the connection between climatic factors, their influence on the efficiency of the

existing renewable energy equipment in the UrFU, a high-speed multi-channel monitoring system for climate and energy characteristic has been developed and put into operation. The system includes a distributed network of local devices connected to the central server that collects, accumulates and processes data of more than 100 measured parameters gathered every second.

Based on the long series of observations, the system allowed an assessment of renewable energy productivity in the conditions of variable ambient temperatures, typical for the region with extreme continental climate. It is obvious that these groups of causes are correlated: the growth of solar energy reception leads to an increase in temperature and illumination, which in turn reduces the need for heat and electricity consumption.Biography

Sergey E. Shcheklein is a professor at Urals Federal University. He is the Head of the department “Atomic Stations and Renewable Energy Sources”. He is an author of more than 450 scientific works, 5 monographs, 62 inventions.Contact : [email protected]


An Optimized Stackelberg Game Theoretic Management Scheme for a Smart Distribution System within Electric Vehicles Parking LotsMohsen Kalantar* and Saemeh AghajaniIran University of Science and Technology, IranAbstract

This paper proposes a cooperative Stackelberg game theoretic approach where aggregators act as the leader and their followers are the electric vehicles’ parking lots. At the leader’s level, the objective is maximizing aggregator profit while at the followers’ level the aim is to minimize the operating cost of the parking lots. The proposed Stackelberg game models the interactions between aggregators and the parking lots in order to discover how both entities can benefit through their electric energy trading with each other and the upstream network. The method is able to strategically determine the amount of charging/discharging power and their corresponding prices interacted between parking lots and the aggregators. The simulation results show that the global optimal performance for an aggregator serving multiple parking lots is achieved at the Nash equilibrium if the proposed Stackelberg game is implemented. In addition, some different scenarios have been studied in order to well address the deviation of profit in different conditions of uncertainty.Biography

Mohsen Kalantar was born on 1961 in Iran. He received his Ph.D. from the Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi, India in 1991. Dr. Kalantar is currently an Associate Professor in the Department of Electrical Engineering at the Iran University of Science and Technology in

Tehran. He is also a member of the Center of Excellence for Power System Automation and Operation. He has around 30 journal publications and has presented about 100 papers at International Conferences. His field of interest includes wind and solar power generation, power system dynamics and control, system stability and optimization, power system deregulation, and FACTS devices.Contact: [email protected]

Technical and Economic Aspects of Pre-Dried Lignite Use for Efficient and Flexible Power GenerationIoannis AvagianosCPERI/CERTH, GreeceAbstract

The increasing share of renewable energy sources and their stochastic variation of power production force the conventional fossil fuel thermal plants to operate in a more flexible mode, with rapid load changes (ramp up/down rates) and in lower thermal loads than their current technical minimum. This can be achieved with the use of pre-dried lignite as a supporting fuel, in the place of conventional liquid fuels such as diesel for lignite fired power plants. This study presents the technical feasibility of reaching new technical minimum load with the use of pre-dried lignite with efficiency benefits and the integration of pre-dried lignite production to the power plant. Three different dryers were integrated and the capital and operation costs are presented and compared with electricity and oil prices. The integrated production of pre-dried lignite is economic feasible with state-of-the-art drying technology and the use results to be beneficiary in terms of extending electricity production periods and having higher efficiency at new technical minimum load.


Dynamic Simulation of a Solar Based Ground Source Heat Pump Including Electric Storage for an Office ApplicationMaurizio Sasso*, Giovanni Angrisani, Francesco Tariello and Carlo RoselliUniversità degli Studi del Sannio, ItalyAbstract

Solar based energy conversion systems are a promising alternative to fossil fuel based technologies. In this paper attention is focused on a photovoltaic (PV) system satisfying the energy demand of an office building. Renewable electric energy available from PV panels is partly used to activate a ground source heat pump (GSHP) to meet space heating and cooling demand and partly used for other electric loads (lights, printers, computers, etc.). Thermo-economic analysis of the proposed system considering different PV field capacity (4.5 kW, 6.0 kW, 7.5 kW) and electric battery size (3.2 kWh, 6.4 kWh, 9.6 kWh) is carried out with TRNSYS. A saving in terms of primary energy and a reduction of equivalent CO2 emission up to 97% can be obtained by renewables with respect to a conventional system consisting of a natural gas fueled boiler for space heating, an electric chiller for space cooling and the national electric grid for electric demand. The PV-GSHP system is more interesting on an economic basis when government support is available and there is no electric storage.Biography

Maurizio Sasso is a full Professor of Engineering Thermodynamics at the School of Engineering of the University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy. His research interests are focused on Applied Thermodynamics (Exergetic Analysis, Finite Time Thermodynamics Thermoeconomic Analysis) and on Energetics. In particular, he has worked on:

• Thermodynamic and Thermoeconomic analysis and optimisation of thermal systems (heat pumps, refrigeration plant, cogeneration, trigeneration);

• Energetic, Environmental and Economic comparison of alternative thermal systems for energy saving in industry, commercial and residential applications (micro-cogenerators, combined cooling, heating and power systems).

Theoretical and experimental studies in these fields contributed to international, national and regional research projects. He is co-author of more than 100 scientific papers and of 2 books.Contact: [email protected]

Chinese Governmental Policies and Institutions: Tendency to Internationalize Investment to Develop Infrastructure for Renewable EnergyJ. Renato Peneluppi Jr.* and Huang DongHuazhong University of Science and Technology, ChinaAbstract

Energy is crucial for state survival and economic development, China plans a set of institutions to address this financial need, NDB/BRICS, AIIB/OBOR, and it is allied with specific polices to invest in infrastructure and deeply connect its economy to world economy, express on Xi Jinping speech 19thCongress of CCP and at APEC CEO Summit.

Concern with the objective of Paris agreement, to answer the combat to global warming, the Chinese government understands that they can help to de-risk investment on the new technologies. In harmony with world financial system, which after 2008 economical crises took a new turn on the way to finance infrastructure, on “Basel 3” and “Solvency 2” that inadvertently limits the ability of institutions like bank and insurance companies to finance long-term infrastructure investments, the essential to a low-carbon future.

There is policy obstacle embedded in the Financial system and regulations that hamper the supply on long-term finance for instance, the great financial crisis has led to changes in financial stability rules. This change redefines the matrix of the development in a sense which dictates a tendency beyond time but also size as a collateral effect mostly renewable energy but also hydroelectric and nuclear.

What governments need to understand and correct is the consequences of policy designs and also need to consider that a financial system ignoring climate risk may not end up being stable.Biography

J. Renato Peneluppi Jr. Ph.D student of Public Administration at HUST since 2014, in June 2017 became a Research associate at Boston University in the field of Sustainable Development also working on a field research at the Amazon forest, 2016 spend a semester at Oslo University as a visit researcher at Political Science school and REMIX project, 2012 master in


Public Administration in the topic of “Renewable Energy policies in the Chinese economical development”, Postgraduate at UNICAMP 2009 Environmental Education, and 2008 lawyer at the PUC-Campinas - Environmental, Human Rights and Brazil Public Administrative Law.Contact: [email protected]

A Generalized Likelihood Ratio Approach to Detecting Faults of Wind TurbinesHsu-Hao Yang* and Siang-Ru SiaoNational Chin-Yi University of Technology, TaiwanAbstract

Wind energy is growing to be one of main sources of renewable energy. Because the operational and maintenance costs of wind turbines are largely affected by the occurrence of faults, early detection of potential faults can help reduce such costs. In this study, we propose a method for detecting potential faults earlier and identifying the probable variables contributing to the faults over a certain period.

The proposed method first uses data mining techniques to select the more important variables from the supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) systems of the turbine to improve the prediction accuracy, applies auto-associative neural networks (AANN) to implement the residual approach to remove the autocorrelation in the data, and finally employs a generalized likelihood ratio test (GLRT) to construct the control chart consisting of the GLRT and the power curve of wind turbines.

A power curve describes the power generated by a turbine at various wind speeds. Outliers below the power curve are likely to be faults that lead to abnormal power output. By using both the SCADA data and the alarm log of a turbine, we used the underlying control chart to investigate whether the outliers are related to the GLRT statistic out of reject region so that the faults can be detected earlier.Biography

Hsu-Hao Yang received the Ph.D. degree in industrial engineering from The University of Iowa, Iowa City, U.S.A., in 1994. He was a visiting scholar at the Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, The University of Iowa, in 2010. He is currently a Professor in the Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, National Chin-Yi University of Technology, Taichung City, Taiwan. Professor Yang publishes and reviews papers in referred journals, and has been a member of several editorial boards. His current research interests focus on the applications of data mining techniques to wind energy.Contact: [email protected]

Effect of Dust Accumulation on IV Characterisation and Efficiency of Photovoltaic PanelsMohamed Benghanem1,2*, Abdullah el-Mohammedi1 and Ahmad A.al-Mashraqi1

1Islamic University, Saudi Arabia2International Centre of Theoretical Physics, ItalyAbstract

This work presents the results of a study carried out at Madinah city (KSA) to quantify losses caused by the accumulation of dust on the surface of photovoltaic modules. Results show that the loss of output power is 28 % at Madinah, corresponding to the variation of continuous dust accumulation during 60 days. The study period for measurement was four months of dust accumulation (May-August 2016).

Two approaches to study the phenomenon of dust on the solar panels effect were used: A quantitative approach and a qualitative approach. We have used the notion of dust density which allows us to determine the losses of output PV power. We suggest an important factor called dust accumulation coefficient (%/mg.cm-2), which should be added in data sheet of PV modules manufacturer. Biography

Dr Mohamed Benghanem is Professor at Islamic University, Faculty of Science, Physics Department, Madinah, KSA (since 2017). He was at Taibah University, Faculty of Science, Madinah, Saudi Arabia (2004-2016). He was Regular associate at International Centre of Theoretical Physics, ICTP, Italy since 2004 and now, he is senior associate until 2018. He obtained his BE, MSc and Ph.D. in Electrical Engineering from Polytechnic School of Algiers, USTHB University, Algiers and University Polytechnic of Madrid-UPM (Spain) for training respectively. His research interests are solar instrumentations, data acquisition systems, renewable energy systems and prediction and modeling of solar radiation data.*Contact: [email protected]


Understanding the Impact of Point-contact Scheme and Selective Emitter in a c-Si BC-BJ Solar Cell by Full 3D Numerical SimulationsNoemi Guerra*, Raffaele De Rose, Marco Guevara, Paul Procel, Marco Lanuzza and Felice CrupiUniversity of Calabria, ItalyAbstract

This work is focused on a research activity aimed to the analysis and optimization of solar cells with Interdigitated Back Contact (IBC) crystalline silicon substrate c-Si, also known as Back Contact-Back Junction (BC-BJ). This type of solar cell consists of a design where both metal contacts are located on the bottom of the silicon wafer, simplifying the cell interconnection at module-level. These Characteristics guarantee high-conversion efficiency ƞ due to the absence of front-contact shadowing losses. In particular, the main purpose of this thesis is to investigate the dominant physical mechanisms that limit the conversion efficiency of these devices by using electro-optical numerical simulations. Three-dimensional (3D) TCAD-based simulations were executed to analyze the performance of an IBC solar cell featuring point-contacts (PC) as a function of the metallization fraction. This scheme was also compared with a similar IBC structure featuring linear-contacts (LC) on the rear side of the device. In addition, the impact of introducing a selective emitter scheme (SE) in the PC cell was evaluated. The analyses were carried out by varying geometric and/or process parameters (for example, the size and shape of metal-contacts, doping profiles, carrier lifetime, and recombination rates). This approach provides a realistic and an in-depth view of the behavior of the studied IBC solar cells and also furnishes with useful information to optimize the architecture design of the device in order to enhance the conversion efficiency and minimize production costs.Biography

Noemi Guerra was born on 22th December in David, Chiriquí, Panama. In 2000 she received her High School Scientific Diploma with full grade (100/100). She has received her B.Sc. in Computer Science Engineering at the Universidad Tecnológica de Panamá and her M.Sc. in Telematics Engineering at the Universidad de Colima, México. In 2014 she started pursuing the Ph.D. degree in Electronic Engineering which she will be finish at the end of 2017. Currently, she is a researcher at the Universidad Tecnológica de Panamá, where after her Ph.D. studies she will start working (in January 2018).Contact: [email protected]


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