International Conference on Tourism and Ethnicity in ASEAN ... fileand translated into Indonesian as...

International Conference on Tourism and Ethnicity

in ASEAN and Beyond 2015

Proceedings

International Conference onTourism and Ethnicity

inASEAN and Beyond

15 16 August, 2015

Imperial Mae Ping Hotel, Chiang Mai, Thailand

organised by

ASEAN Tourism Research Group

Research Administration Center

Chiang Mai University, Thailand



Conference CommitteeConference ChairpersonAssociate Professor Dr. Ploysri PorananondASEAN Tourism Research Group

Research Administration Center


Conference Co - ChairpersonMr. Thammanoon NuamanongResearch Administration Center


Scientific Committee

Professor Victor T. KingLeeds University, UK

Professor Erik CohenThe Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel

Professor Kathleen M. AdamsLoyola University Chicago, USA

Professor Franco BianchiniLeeds Beckett University, UK

Associate Professor Dr. Komkrit LeksakulDirector, Research Administration Center, Chiang Mai University, Thailand

Associate Professor Dr. Ploysri PorananondASEAN Tourism Research Group, Chiang Mai University, Thailand



Keynote SpeakersProfessor Erik Cohen

Erik Cohen is the George S. Wise Professor ofSociology (emeritus) at the Department of Sociology andAnthropology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem. Hestudied at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem between1954-61 (B.A. in Sociology and Economics, M.A. inSociology and Philosophy), and completed his Ph. D. in1968. He taught at the Hebrew University, 1959-2000. Hisprincipal research areas were collective settlements,urban studies, folk arts, folk religion and tourism. Heconducted research in Israel, Peru, the Pacific Islandsand, since 1977, in Thailand and is the author of morethan two hundred publications. His recent books include:The Commercialised Crafts of Thailand (2000), The

Chinese Vegetarian Festival in Phuket: Religion, Ethnicity and Tourism on a Southern ThaiIsland (2001), Contemporary Tourism: Diversity and Change (Elsevier, 2004), IsraeliBackpackers and Their Society (edited with Ch. Noy, 2005) and Explorations in Thai Tourism(Emerald, 2008). His present preoccupations in the field of tourism are general theoreticalproblems emerging from globalization and post-modern trends in travel; animal-touristengagement; tourism and disaster; festivals; and heritage tourism.

Cohen served as Sociology Editor of Annals of Tourism Research since 1976, and is onthe Editorial board of several other journals. He also edits the series Studies in ContemporaryThailand for White Lotus, Bangkok. He is a founding member of the International Academy forthe Study of Tourism. Cohen was awarded the UNWTO Ulysses Prize for 2012.

Professor Kathleen M. Adams

Kathleen M. Adams is Professor ofAnthropology at Loyola University Chicago and an

Natural History. Throughout her career she has beeninterested in the interrelations between tourism,ethnicity and nationalism in insular Southeast Asia.Much of her long-term field research on these topicshas been in Indonesia (especially on the islands of

Sulawesi and Alor), although she has also conducted tourism-related research in SouthernCalifornia and Cuba. Dr. Adams has authored several books, including the award-winning Artas Politics: Re-crafting Identities, Tourism and Power in Tana Toraja, Indonesia (2006); Homeand Hegemony: Domestic Work and Identity Politics in South and Southeast Asia (2000, withS. Dickey); and Everyday Life in Southeast Asia (2011 with K. Gillogly). Her articles ontourism, ethnic relations, cultural representations and the arts have appeared in variousedited volumes and journals, including Annals of Tourism Research, American Ethnologist,



Tourist Studies, Museum Anthropology, and The International Journal of Heritage Studies.

Fulbright Foundation and the American Philosophical Society. She has also held visitingprofessorships and research fellowships at various Asian universities, including the NationalUniversity of Singapore, Ateneo University of Manila, and Al-Farabi Kazahk National

of tourism,aspects of globalization, the anthropology of art and museums, and on identity politics. Dr.

Teaching Excellence and in 2012 she was recognized by The Princeton Review as one of the

Professor Victor T. King

Victor T. King is Emeritus Professor ofSoutheast Asian Studies at Leeds University andEminent Visiting Professor in the Institute of AsianStudies and Sociology-Anthropology at UniversitiBrunei Darussalam. Until July 2012 he served for sixyears as Executive Director of the White Rose EastAsia Centre, Universities of Leeds and Sheffield.

He has a wide range of research interests inthe sociology and anthropology of Southeast Asia. His

recent books include The Sociology of Southeast Asia: Transformation in a DevelopingRegion, with William Wilder The Modern Anthropology of South-East Asia: An Introduction),and translated into Indonesian as Antropologi Modern Asia Tenggara: Sebuah Pengantar;and co-edited volumes with Michael Hitchcock and Michael Parnwell, Tourism in SoutheastAsia: Challenges and New Directions. Another recently co-edited volume with Park SeungWoo entitled The Historical Construction of Southeast Asian Studies has recently beenpublished in Singapore by ISEAS Press, 2013.

Professor Franco Bianchini

Franco Bianchini is Professor of Cultural Policy andPlanning at Leeds Beckett University. From 1992 2007 he wasReader in Cultural Planning and Policy and Course Leader for theMA in European Cultural Planning at De Montfort UniversityLeicester. Franco has been a member of the Editorial Board ofInternational Journal of Cultural Policy since 1997, and of theAdvisory Board of ENCATC Journal of Cultural Management andPolicy since 2012. He was appointed in June 2001 by thePresident of the European Parliament to the selection panelresponsible for the designation of Cork as European Capital ofCulture.



Franco acted as adviser to Liverpool Culture Company on the preparation of theirsuccessful bid for European Capital

-operation between Liverpool, Bremen, Gdansk, Istanbul,Marseilles and Naples (2004-2009). The project formed part of the programme of LiverpoolEuropean Capital of Culture 2008. From 2010-2014 he was a member of the team preparingthe successful bid by the city of Matera, in Southern Italy, for the title of European Capital ofCulture for 2019.

-edited with C. Newbold, C. Maughanand j. Jordan, Goodfellow, 2015), Urban Mindscapes of Europe (co-edited by Godela Weiss-Sussex with Franco Bianchini, Rodopi, 2006), Planning for the Intercultural City (with JudeBloomfield, Comedia, 2004), Culture and Neighbourhoods: A Comparative Report (with L.Ghilardi Santacatterina, Council of Europe, 1997), The Creative City (with Charles Landry,Demos, 1995) and Cultural Policy and Urban Regeneration: the West European Experience(co-editor, with Michael Parkinson, Manchester University Press, 1993).

His research interests range from the role of culture in urban regeneration (with aparticular focus on port cities and on European Cities/Capitals of Culture), to cultural diversityand interculturalism as resources for innovation in urban policy, and the development of urbancultural strategies in the context of the current political, economic and environmental crises.



ContentKeynote

Victor T. King - Ethnicity and Tourism: Culture on the Move

Kathleen M. Adams - Tourism and Ethnicity in Insular Southeast Asia: Eating, Praying,Loving and Beyond

12

48

Cross-cultural and transnational encounters

Isabell Handler - Cultural Proximity and Intention to Visit An Exploratory Survey amongTaiwanese

Ismar Borges de Lima - Indigenous Protagonism in Tourism Operations and Guiding inAustralia, Brazil and New Zealand

Makarand Gulawani -Countries

Mary Mostafanezhad - Popular Geopolitics of Chinese Film Tourismin Northern Thailand

Preeda Chaiya - The Local Wisdom Heritage of Maechaem Community in Chiang Maibehind an Unseen Destination in Thailand

Reni Cacillia Polus - iences atSandakan Memorial Park Borneo

Shirley Worland - Missio-tourism amongst ethnic Karen in Thailand: A Bridge toOpportunity, Dependency or Somewhere In Between?

Tuhina Ganguly - Exotic Tourist, Ethnic Hosts: An Auto-Ethnographic Approach toTourism, Ethnicity and Postcoloniality

Wanching Chang - The Study of the Relationship among Cross-Culture Adjustment,Personality Traits, and Self-Identity of Working Holidays Makers in Australia

Wendy May Pollard - Voluntourism and Ethnicity: A Case Study of Burmese Refugees inMae Sot, Thailand

66

79

112

122

135

150

162

169

186

198

Performance, ritual events and staged authenticity

Anupama Damunupola - Motivational Factors Influencing the Participation in CulturalEvents: An Emoirical Study

Farah Syazwani binti Hayrol Aziz - Constructing Authenticity through Hospitality:Examining Host-Guest Relations of Malay Homestay Programme in Malaysia

Jame Monren T. Mercado - Pit Senor!: A Comprehensive Assessment of the

Lu Thi Thanh Le - Cultural Festivals and the Representation of Ethnic Identity in Vietnam:A Look from a Cham Festival

Yang Ningdong -

Yuji Baba - Changing Role of Pi, a Bamboo Sound Producing Tool, in the Lua-mal Ritual inNan province, Northern Thailand

209

222

242

254

265

277



National identity, sub-nationalisms and local response

Christy Bidder - Ethnic Language and Globalization: A Case Study of the KadazandusunCommunity in Sabah, Malaysian Borneo

Jaeyeon Choe - Tourism Development Impact on the Filipino Community in Macao

Nor Hafizah Selamat - Ethnic Identity and Cultural Heritage Tourism: An EthnographicStudy of the Indian Muslim Community in Penang

Simon Potter - Tourism in Northern Korea as a Means to Promote National Identity

Zuzana Jurkova -Southeast of the Czech Republic

285

300

317

338

358

Sustainability, ecotourism and community

Carol Moet Aye - Assessment of the Feasibility of Community Based Tourism in Pa Ann,Karen State, Myanmar, in Transition Period to Foster Local Ownership and Support forPeace Building

Gaim James Lunkapis - Communicating Ethnic Identity through Ecotourism

I Ketut Sardiana - Linking Ethnic Group, Tourism and Conservation: A Study onCommunity-based Ecotourism in Indigenous Tenganan Dauh Tukad Village, Bali, Indonesia

Le Thi Thao Anh - Agritourism and Sustainability:Case Study of Khmer Village,O Lam Commune, An Giang Province, Vietnam

Peter Masters - Marketing sustainable home-stay in Thailand: Authenticity, how much istoo much?

Sommai Theingthae - Sustainable Ecotourism Development in Muslim community Afterthe Impact of Tsunami Disaster in 2004: A Case Study in Bang Rong Village PhuketProvince, Thailand

366

385

398

409

423

432

Food, culture and ethnicity

Hanif Hanan - Influence of Social Media in Food Festival Destination Image

Rizki Karunia Illahi - Rendang: Traces of Minangkabau Traditions in Indonesia

Sara Leong Pik Lee - Malaysia: The Impact of Maodernization on Ethnic Food

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468

477



398

Linking Ethnic Group, Tourism and Conservation: A Study onCommunity-based Ecotourism in Indigenous Village of Tenganan

Dauh Tukad, Bali, Indonesia

AuthorName: Dr. I Ketut SardianaPosition: Senior LecturerAffiliation: Faculty of Agriculture, Udayana UniversityContact Address: Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Udayana, Gedung

Agrokompleks Lantai 2, Jl. P.B. Sudirman Denpasar 80114Tel: +62 361 222450 Fax: +62 361 222450E-Mail : [email protected] / [email protected]

Co-authorName: Ms. Ni Luh Ramaswati PurnawanPosition: LecturerAffiliation: Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Udayana UniversityContact Address: Kampus FISIP,Jl. P.B. Sudirman Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia 80114Tel: +62 361 255378 Fax:+62 361 255378E-Mail: [email protected]

AbstractCommunity-based ecotourism involves conservation, business, and community development. It is anature-based tourism that are owned and managed by the community and used to improve the well-being of its community members. Research conducted in Indigenous Tenganan Dauh Tukad Village,Bali, Indonesia.Objective: This paper examines the linkage of community participation in ecotourism with theconservation practices and perspectives.Method: Primary data were collected through focus group discussion, in-depth interview andobservation. Survey was also undertaken to understand the perspective and attitude of the localpeople toward conservation.Results: study revealed that there is a positive linkage between community participation to theirpractices and perspective of conservation. This includes conservation of biodiversity environment andcultural heritage of the local community.

Keywords: community-based, ecotourism, conservation, indigenous, Tenganan

1. Introductionlargest and fastest growing industries. It becomes a key driver

of world trade, a leading employment sector and a main source of foreign exchangeearnings in many developing and least developed countries (UNWTO, 2015). To illustrate, inthe year 2014 alone, there are total 1.135 billion tourists (overnight visitors) taking an

ermgrowth projection of 3,8%.

As released by 2015 World Economic Situation and Prospect Report, tourism contributepositively for world trade as being the first export earner for many emerging countries, andthe fourth largest category of export in developed economies in 2013 after chemical, fuel,

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