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Volume 1660 A

International Conference on Mathematics, Engineering and Industrial Applications 2014 (ICoMEIA 2014)

Penang, Malaysia28–30 May 2014

EditorsMohammad Fadzli Ramli, Ahmad Kadri Junoh, Nurshazneem Roslan, Maz Jamilah Masnan and Mohammad Huskhazrin Kharuddin

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ISBN 978-0-7354-1302-3ISSN 0094-243X

ISBN 978-0-7354-1302-300009

9 780735 413023


Vol. 1660 AInternational Conference on M

athematics, Engineering and Industrial Applications 2014 (ICoM

EIA 2014)


Melville, New York, 2015 AIP Proceedings

To learn more about AIP Proceedings visit http://proceedings.aip.org



International Conference on Mathematics, Engineering and Industrial Applications 2014 (ICoMEIA 2014)Penang, Malaysia28–30 May 2014

EditorsMohammad Fadzli RamliAhmad Kadri JunohNurshazneem RoslanMaz Jamilah MasnanMohammad Huskhazrin KharuddinUniversiti Malaysia Perlis, Perlis, Malaysia

Sponsoring OrganizationsInternational Islamic UniversityOEMS Intipakar Corporation Ptd. Ltd.

All papers have been peer reviewed.

Volume 1660 A

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Mohammad Fadzli RamliAhmad Kadri JunohNurshazneem RoslanMaz Jamilah MasnanMohammad Huskhazrin KharuddinUniversiti Malaysia PerlisInstitute of Engineering MathematicsKampus Pauh Putra02600 Arau, PerlisMalaysia

Email: [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

Editors

ISBN 978-0-7354-1302-3 (Vol. A)ISBN 978-0-7354-1304-7 (Set)ISSN 0094-243XPrinted in the United States of America


AIP Conference Proceedings, Volume 1660International Conference on Mathematics, Engineering and

Industrial Applications 2014 (ICoMEIA 2014)

Table of Contents

Preface: International Conference on Mathematics, Engineering and Industrial Applications 2014 010001

PART A

PLENARY AND INVITED PAPERSWireless communication and their mathematics

Shozo Komaki 030001

Towards intelligent diagnostic system employing integration of mathematical and engineering model

Nor Ashidi Mat Isa 030002

CONTRIBUTED ORAL PAPERS

Mathematics

Capacitated arc routing problem and its extensions in waste collectionMohammad Fadzli, Nurul Najwa, and Martino Luis 050001

General heuristics algorithms for solving capacitated arc routing problemMohammad Fadzli, Nurul Najwa, and Hafiz Masran 050002

Designing of skull defect implants using C1 rational cubic Bezier and offset curvesNajihah Mohamed, Ahmad Abd Majid, Abd Rahni Mt Piah, and Zainul Ahmad Rajion 050003

Reconstruction of generic shape with cubic Bézier using least square methodNur’Afifah Rusdi and Zainor Ridzuan Yahya 050004

Optimal strategy for controlling the spread of Plasmodium Knowlesi malaria: Treatment and cullingMohammed Baba Abdullahi, Yahya Abu Hasan, and Farah Aini Abdullah 050005

2–stage stochastic Runge–Kutta for stochastic delay differential equationsNorhayati Rosli, Arifah Bahar, S. H. Yeak, and Rahimah Jusoh@Awang 050006

A model for HIV/AIDS pandemic with optimal controlAmiru Sule and Farah Aini Abdullah 050007

A Gompertzian model with random effects to cervical cancer growthMazma Syahidatul Ayuni Mazlan and Norhayati Rosli 050008

Comparison of finite element and differential quadrature algorithms for heat distribution in insulated-tip thin rectangular fin

Md. Moslemuddin Fakir, Sabira Khatun, Abdul Wahab Jusoh, Mohammad Fadzli Ramli, and Wan Zuki Azman Wan Muhamad 050009


Singular fuzzy linear systems and the W-weighted Drazin inverseM. Nikuie and M. Z. Ahmad 050010

Modeling using support vector machines on imbalanced data: A case study on the prediction of the sightings of Irrawaddy dolphins

Liew Chin Ying, Jane Labadin, Wang Yin Chai, Andrew Alek Tuen, and Cindy Peter 050011

On color fixing groups associated with colored symmetrical tilingsApril Lynne D. Say-awen, Ma. Louise Antonette N. de Las Peñas, and Teofina A. Rapanut 050012

A new convergent conjugate gradient method under the exact line searchOsman Omer, Mustafa Mamat, and Mohd Rivaie 050013

Global convergence analysis of a new nonlinear conjugate gradient coefficient with strong Wolfe line search

Awad Abdelrahman, Mustafa Mamat, Mohd Rivaie, and Osman Omer 050014

Cyclotomic cosets and group algebra codes define over cyclic groups of prime orderDenis C. K. Wong 050015

Reconstruction of egg shape using B-splineNurshazneem Roslan and Zainor Ridzuan Yahya 050016

New triple fixed point results in cone metric spacesSahar Mohammad Abusalim and Mohd Salmi Md Noorani 050017

Mathematical model for gyroscope effectsRyspek Usubamatov 050018

A few remarks on relative ergodic properties of C*-dynamical systemsRocco Duvenhage and Farrukh Mukhamedov 050019

Application nano-fluids for improvement heat transfer from small spaces: An overviewNazih A. Bin-Abdun, Zuradzman M. Razlan, A. B. Shahriman, Khairunizam Wan, D. Hazry, S. Faiz Ahmed, Nazrul H. Adnan, R. Heng, Kamarudin H. and I. Zunaidi 050020

The development of mathematics courseware for learning line and angleNoor Dayana Abd Halim, Ong Boon Han, Zaleha Abdullah, and Junaidah Yusup 050021

Finite-order universal portfolios generated by probability mass functionsChoon Peng Tan, Sin Yen Chu, and Wei Yeing Pan 050022

Spatial model for transmission of mosquito-borne diseasesCynthia Mui Lian Kon and Jane Labadin 050023

Evaluation of linear interpolation method for missing value on solar radiation dataset in PerlisAzizan Saaban, Lutfi Zainudin, and Mohd Nazari Abu Bakar 050024


On Volterra quadratic stochastic operators with continual state spaceNasir Ganikhodjaev and Nur Zatul Akmar Hamzah 050025

Repairable queue with non-exponential service time and variable breakdown ratesKoh Siew Khew, Pooi Ah Hin, and Tan Yi Fei 050026

WS-BP: An efficient wolf search based back-propagation algorithmNazri Mohd Nawi, M. Z. Rehman, and Abdullah Khan 050027

Absolute homogeneity test of Kelantan catchment precipitation seriesFaizah Che Ros, Hiroyuki Tosaka, Kenji Sasaki, Lariyah Mohd Sidek, and Hidayah Basri 050028

Perception on mathematics teachers’ quality of teaching between all boys secondary schools and all girls secondary schools

Norazman Arbin, Norsyazana Kamarudin, Mohd Syafarudy Abu, Firdaus Mohamad Hamzah, and Sazelli Abdul Ghani 050029

Block hybrid-like method for solving delay differential equationsYap Lee Ken and Fudziah Ismail 050030

Effects of non-uniform heat source and magnetic field on the flow and heat transfer over a nonlinearly stretching sheet with suction

Siti Suzilliana Putri Mohamed Isa, Norihan Md Arifin, Norfifah Bachok@Lati, Fadzilah Md. Ali, and Roslinda Mohd Nazar 050031

Modeling of electrical properties in the fabrication of layered superconducting thin filmsFasih Ud Din, Abdul Halim Shaari, Chen Soo Kien, Asfand Yar, Zainal Abidin Talib, and Lim Kean Pah 050032

Modeling extreme PM10 concentration in Malaysia using generalized extreme value distributionHusna Hasan, Nadiah Mansor, and Nur Hanim Mohd Salleh 050033

A comparison of student academic achievement using decision trees techniques: Reflection from University Malaysia Perlis

Fatihah Aziz, Abd Wahab Jusoh, and Mohd Syafarudy Abu 050034

Students’ attitudes towards learning statisticsHassan Rahnaward Ghulami, Mohd Rashid Ab Hamid, and Roslinazairimah Zakaria 050035

Contra continuity and almost contra continuity in generalized fuzzy topological spacesBaby Bhattacharya and Jayasree Chakraborty 050036

Modified artificial bee colony algorithm for reactive power optimizationNoorazliza Sulaiman, Junita Mohamad-Saleh, and Abdul Ghani Abro 050037

Classification of breast abnormalities using artificial neural networkNur Atiqah Kamarul Zaman, Wan Eny Zarina Wan Abdul Rahman, Abdul Kadir Jumaat, and Siti Salmah Yasiran 050038


Bivariate extreme value with application to PM10 concentration analysisNor Azrita Mohd Amin, Mohd Bakri Adam, Noor Akma Ibrahim, and Ahmad Zaharin Aris 050039

Recurrent dynamics in an epidemic model due to stimulated bifurcation crossoversDrandreb Earl Juanico 050040

Ordering policies of a deteriorating item in an EOQ model with backorder under two-level partial trade credit

Zohreh Molamohamadi, Rahman Arshizadeh, and Napsiah Ismail 050041

Modeling limit languages via limit adjacency matrix and Yusof-Goode approachesWen Li, Lim and Yuhani Yusof 050042

Optimization of location routing inventory problem with transshipmentNor Edayu Abd Ghani, S. Sarifah Radiah Shariff, and Siti Meriam Zahari 050043

A theorem for improving kernel based fuzzy c-means clustering algorithm convergenceMohd Syafarudy Abu, Lim Eng Aik, and Norazman Arbin 050044

Molecular aspects of DNA splicing systemYuhani Yusof, Wen Li Lim, T. Elizabeth Goode, Nor Haniza Sarmin, Fong Wan Heng, and Mohd Firdaus Abd Wahab 050045

Two stages splicing systemMohammad Hassan Mudaber and Yuhani Yusof 050046

Some radius properties for a class of alpha-close-to-convex functionsAjab Bai Akbarally, Shaharuddin Cik Soh, and Mariana Abdullah 050047

Mathematics achievement based on gender among eight grade school students in JordanBelal Sadiq Hamed Rabab’h, Arsaythamby Veloo, and Selvan Perumal 050048

Positivity preserving by using rational cubic ball functionSamsul Ariffin Abdul Karim 050049

Sensitivity analysis in a Lassa fever deterministic mathematical modelMohammed Baba Abdullahi, Umar Chado Doko, and Mamman Mamuda 050050

C*-Algebras over Arens algebrasBekbaev D. U. and Ganiev I. G. 050051

Bayesian underreported in disease mappingS. Padmadisastra and J. Suprijadi 050052

Active synchronization between two different chaotic dynamical systemM. Maheri, N. Md Arifin, and F. Ismail 050053

A hybrid approach for elliptic scalar multiplicationRuma Kareem K. Ajeena and Hailiza Kamarulhaili 050054


POD low order approximation for fluid flow problemsElshrif Ali and Kawan Fathi 050055

Cyclical scheduling for welfare assistants using 0-1 goal programmingNur Rasyida Mohd Rashid, Wan Rosmanira Ismail, Norul Fadhilah Ismail, and Azyan Yusra Kapi 050056

On orthogonality preserving quadratic stochastic operatorsFarrukh Mukhamedov and Muhammad Hafizuddin Mohd Taha 050057

Solving nonlinear system of third-order boundary value problems using block methodPhang Pei See, Zanariah Abdul Majid, Mohamed Suleiman, Fudziah Bt Ismail, and Khairil Iskandar Othman 050058

Solving delay differential equations of pantograph type using predictor-corrector methodHoo Yann Seong and Zanariah Abdul Majid 050059

The treatment of small delay case in linear multistep methodNurul Huda Abdul Aziz and Zanariah Abdul Majid 050060

Job shop scheduling problem with late work criterionHamed Piroozfard and Kuan Yew Wong 050061

Solving multi-objective job shop scheduling problems using a non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm

Hamed Piroozfard and Kuan Yew Wong 050062

New Richardson’s extrapolation spreadsheet calculator using VBA programming for numerical differentiations

Kim Gaik Tay, Sie Long Kek, and Rosmila Abdul-Kahar 050063

Solving unequal-area dynamic facility layout problems based on slicing tree representation and simulated annealing

Ali Derakhshan Asl and Kuan Yew Wong 050064

Magnetohydrodynamic stagnation point flow and heat transfer in a nanofluid towards a stretching sheet with suction/injection

Khairy Zaimi and Nor Ashikin Abu Bakar 050065

Spin zero Hawking radiation for non-zero-angular momentum modeTritos Ngampitipan, Petarpa Bonserm, and Matt Visser 050066

On the exit problem of dynamic systems perturbed by a white noiseAbdallah Benaissa 050067

Data classification using metaheuristic Cuckoo Search technique for Levenberg Marquardt back propagation (CSLM) algorithm

Nazri Mohd. Nawi, Abdullah Khan, and M. Z. Rehman 050068


Adaptation of abbreviated mathematics anxiety rating scale for engineering studentsSayed Kushairi Sayed Nordin, Khairul Fadzli Samat, Al Amin Mohamed Sultan, Bushra Abdul Halim, Siti Fatimah Ismail, and Nurul Wirdah Mafazi 050069

Efficient GRASP based heuristics for the capacitated continuous location-allocation problemMartino Luis, Mohammad Fadzli Ramli, and Ruswiati Surya Saputra 050070

Curve fitting for RHB Islamic Bank annual net profitDineswary Nadarajan and Noor Fadiya Mohd Noor 050071

The role of students’ activities in Indonesian realistic mathematics education in primary schools of Aceh

Cut Morina Zubainur, Arsaythamby Veloo, and Rozalina Khalid 050072

Clustering high dimensional data using RIANazrina Aziz 050073

Generalized conjugacy class graph of some finite non-abelian groupsS. M. S. Omer, N. H. Sarmin, and A. Erfanian 050074

Understanding Mahalanobis distance criterion for feature selectionMaz Jamilah Masnan, Nor Idayu Mahat, Ali Yeon Md Shakaff, Abu Hassan Abdullah, Nur Zawatil Ishqi Zakaria, Nurlisa Yusuf, Norazian Subari, Ammar Zakaria, and Abdul Hallis Abdul Aziz 050075

The role of difficulty and gender in numbers, algebra, geometry and mathematics achievementBelal Sadiq Hamed Rabab’h, Arsaythamby Veloo, and Selvan Perumal 050076

The effect of using Indonesian realistic mathematics education (PMRI) approach on the mathematics achievement amongst primary school students

Cut Morina Zubainur, Arsaythamby Veloo, and Rozalina Khalid 050077

Numerical solution for an almost square crackKoo Lee Feng, Nik Mohd Asri Nik Long, Eshkuvatov Zainidin K., and Wong Tze Jin 050078

The best motivator priorities parents choose via analytical hierarchy processR. N. Farah and P. Latha 050079

Parallel firing strategy on Petri nets: A reviewGairatzhan Mavlankulov, Sherzod Turaev, Laula Zhumabaeva, and Tamara Zhukabayeva 050080

Unsteady three-dimensional flow and heat transfer past a permeable stretching/shrinking surfaceMohd Ezad Hafidz Hafidzuddin, Roslinda Nazar, Norihan Md Arifin, and Ioan Pop 050081

Unsteady magnetohydrodynamics mixed convection flow in a rotating medium with double diffusionLim Yeou Jiann, Zulkhibri Ismail, Ilyas Khan, and Sharidan Shafie 050082

A mathematical model of a computational problem solving systemTeh Noranis Mohd Aris and Shahrin Azuan Nazeer 050083


Review on the structural approach of the Black-Scholes modelShakila Saad and Maheran Mohd Jaffar 050084

Eigenstructure-based control charting to detect the shift in process variabilityAishah Mohd Noor and Maman Abdurachman Djauhari 050085

Engineering

Numerical investigation of gas separation in T-junctionWilliam Pao, Fakhruldin M Hashim, and Low Huei Ming 070001

Compressive strength and interfacial transition zone of sugar cane bagasse ash concrete: A comparison to the established pozzolans

Asma Abd Elhameed Hussein, Nasir Shafiq, and Muhd Fadhil Nuruddin 070002

Leakage detection in galvanized iron pipelines using ensemble empirical mode decomposition analysis

Makeen Amin and M. Fairusham Ghazali 070003

The application of finite element analysis on polydimethylsiloxaneSiti Aisyah Abdul Halim, Shuhaida Yahud, Wan Zuki Azman Wan Muhamad, Ruslizam Daud, and Noor Alia Md Zain 070004

A numerical study of oscillating sub-boundary layer vortex generators applicationN. F. Zulkefli, A. M. Yaacob, M. R. Ramly, S. Abdul Rahman, and N. A. M. Zulkifly 070005

Characteristic of blended fuel properties and engine cycle-to-cycle variations with butanol additiveObed M. Ali, Rizalman Mamat, Nik R. Abdullah, and Abdul Adam Abdullah 070006

Multi input single output model predictive control of non-linear bio-polymerization processSenthil Kumar Arumugasamy and Z. Ahmad 070007

Numerical simulation of stress amplification induced by crack interaction in human femur boneNoor Alia, Ruslizam Daud, Mohammad Fadzli Ramli, Wan Zuki Azman, Ahmad Faizal, and Siti Aisyah 070008

Simulation based study of poly-silicon nanowire surface for DNA interactionA. Wesam Al-Mufti, U. Hashim, Tijjani Adam, M. R. Zakaria, and M. Zhafran 070009

Analysis of human emotion in human-robot interactionNoraidah Blar, Fairul Azni Jafar, Nurhidayu Abdullah, Mohd Nazrin Muhammad, and Anuar Muhamed Kassim 070010

Effect the functional charge on the conductance poly-silicon nanowireA. Wesam Al-Mufti, U. Hashim, Tijjani Adam, M. R. Zakaria, and M. Zhafran 070011

Modeling of two-storey precast school building using Ruaumoko 2D programN. H. Hamid, L. H. Tarmizi, and K. D. Ghani 070012


The properties of aluminum alloys containing nickel, produced using powder metallurgy methodHaider T. Naeem, Kahtan S. Mohammad, Jamaludin Shamsul B., Khairel R. Ahmad, and Wan M. H. Hussein 070013

Assessment of retrogression and re-aging treatment on microstructural and mechanical properties of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu P/M alloy

Haider T. Naeem, Kahtan S. Mohammad, Kamarudin Hussin, T. Qing Tan, and M. Sobri Idris 070014

Computational time analysis of the numerical solution of 3D electrostatic Poisson’s equationShakeel Ahmed Kamboh, Jane Labadin, Andrew Ragai Henri Rigit, Tech Chaw Ling, Khuda Bux Amur, and Muhammad Tayyab Chaudhary 070015

An ultrasonic system for determining papaya physiological propertiesSallehuddin Ibrahim, Azlin Ramli, and Mohd Amri Md Yunus 070016

Sorption kinetics of Zn (II) ion by thermally treated rice huskK. K. Ong, A. F. A. Tarmizi, Wan Yunus W. M. Z., K. M. Safidin, A. Fitrianto, A. G. A. Hussin, and F. M. Azmi 070017

Mathematical model of marine diesel engine simulator for a new methodology of self propulsion tests

Nur Izzuddin, Sunarsih, and Agoes Priyanto 070018

Electroencephalography data analysis by using discrete wavelet packet transformSamsul Ariffin Abdul Karim, Mohd Tahir Ismail, Mohammad Khatim Hasan, Jumat Sulaiman, Mohana Sundaram Muthuvalu, and Janier Josefina B. 070019

Fabrication of porous anodic alumina using normal anodization and pulse anodizationI. K. Chin, F. K. Yam, and Z. Hassan 070020

A knowledge-based design for assemble system for vehicle seatL. S. Wahidin, CheeFai Tan, S. N. Khalil, K. Juffrizal, and M. Y. Nidzamuddin 070021

Knowledge-based fault diagnosis system for refuse collection vehicleCheeFai Tan, K. Juffrizal, S. N. Khalil, and M. Y. Nidzamuddin 070022

The application of product architecture in determining the concept of mini hydrogen cell for petrol powered internal combustion engine

M. Y. Nidzamuddin, T. S. Nadzirah, K. Juffrizal, Z. M. Zulfattah, C. F. Tan, M. M. Taha, I. Hidayah, and M. Z. Hilwa 070023

Case study of the effectiveness of passive grease trap for management on domestic kitchen waste water

M. Y. Nidzamuddin, K. Juffrizal, F. Mustapha, Z. M. Zulfattah, C. F. Tan, M. M. Taha, I. Hidayah, and M. Z. Hilwa 070024

Influence cobalt on microstructural and hardness property of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Fe-Cr-Ni P/ M alloysHaider T. Naeem, Kahtan S. Mohammad, Kamarudin Hussin, Azim Rahmat, and Nurhuda Bashirom 070025


Facial-paralysis diagnostic system based on 3D reconstructionAida Khairunnisaa, Shafriza Nisha Basah, Haniza Yazid, Hassrizal Hassan Basri, Sazali Yaacob, and Lim Chee Chin 070026

Stress intensity factors of slanted cracks in round bars subjected to mode I tension loadingA. E. Ismail, A. L. M. Tobi, and N. H. M. Nor 070027

Molecular dynamics simulation on the influence of quartz substrate temperature on low energy Argon ion bombardment model in dry etching process

A. H. Abdul Manap and K. Mohamed 070028

Stress intensity factors of eccentric cracks in bi-materials plate under mode I loadingA. E. Ismail 070029

A preliminary study on the integral relationship between critical thinking and mathematical thinking among practicing civil engineers

Sharifah Osman, Shahrin Mohammad, and Mohd Salleh Abu 070030

Motion control of nonlinear gantry crane system via priority-based fitness scheme in firefly algorithm

Hazriq Izzuan Jaafar, Norfaneysa Abd Latif, Anuar Mohamed Kassim, Amar Faiz Zainal Abidin, Sharifah Yuslinda Syed Hussien, and Mohd Shahrieel Mohd Aras 070031

PSO-tuned PID controller for coupled tank system via priority-based fitness schemeHazriq Izzuan Jaafar, Sharifah Yuslinda Syed Hussien, Nur Asmiza Selamat, Amar Faiz Zainal Abidin, Mohd Shahrieel Mohd Aras, Mohamad Na’im Mohd Nasir, and Zul Hasrizal Bohari 070032

Characteristics of titanium dioxide nanostructures synthesized via electrochemical anodization at different applied voltages

Y. L. Cheong, F. K. Yam, and Z. Hassan 070033

Diameter prediction mathematical models for xanthan gum-alginate capsules produced by extrusion-dripping method

Hui-Yen Ong, Boon-Beng Lee, Zarina Zakaria, and Eng-Seng Chan 070034

Mathematical model and calculation algorithm of micro and meso levels of separation process of gaseous mixtures in molecular sieves

Zhanat Umarova, Saule Botayeva, Aliya Yegenova, and Aisaule Usenova 070035

Stability of the anodic growth porous tungsten oxide in different solutionsY. Chai, F. K. Yam, and Z. Hassan 070036

Effects of varying air gap length over magnetic flux density in micro-transformerM. Zhafran Z., M. Isa, U. Hashim, A. Wesam Al-Mufti, and A. Rahim A. R. 070037

Vibration absorber modeling for handheld machine toolMohd Azman Abdullah, Mohd Muhyiddin Mustafa, Jazli Firdaus Jamil, Mohd Azli Salim, and Faiz Redza Ramli 070038


Finite element analysis of (SA) mechanoreceptors in tactile sensing applicationSyamimi N. and S. Yahud 070039

Performance evaluation of stand alone hybrid PV-wind generatorM. N. M. Nasir, N. Z. Saharuddin, M. F. Sulaima, Mohd Hafiz Jali, W. M. Bukhari, Z. H. Bohari, and M. S. Yahaya 070040

Features extraction of EMG signal using time domain analysis for arm rehabilitation deviceMohd Hafiz Jali, ‘Iffah Masturah Ibrahim, Mohamad Fani Sulaima, W. M. Bukhari, Tarmizi Ahmad Izzuddin, and Mohamad Na’im Nasir 070041

Food waste management using an electrostatic separator with corona dischargeKoonchun Lai, Sooking Lim, and Pehchiong Teh 070042

PART B

Comparison of eye imaging pattern recognition using neural networkW. M. Bukhari, Syed A. M., M. N. M. Nasir, M. F. Sulaima, and M. S. Yahaya 070043

A review on the impact of embedded generation to network fault levelM. S. Yahaya, M. F. Basar, Z. Ibrahim, M. N. N. Nasir, M. Y. Lada, and W. M. Bukhari 070044

Photovoltaic-wind hybrid system for permanent magnet DC motorM. N. M. Nasir, M. Y. Lada, M. F. Baharom, H. I. Jaafar, A. N. Ramani, and M. F. Sulaima 070045

Performance analysis of SHE-PWM using Fourier Series and Newton-Raphson analysisM. Y. Lada, M. S. A. Khiar, S. A. Ghani, M. R. M. Nawawi, A. S. M. Nor, and J. G. M. Yuen 070046

The comparison between gallium arsenide and indium gallium arsenide as materials for solar cell performance using Silvaco application

Suhaila Mohd Zahari, Mohd Natashah Norizan, Ili Salwani Mohamad, Rozana Aina Maulat Osman, and Sanna Taking 070047

Nanostructured and wide bandgap CdS: O thin films grown by reactive RF sputteringM. A. Islam, K. S. Rahman, F. Haque, M. J. Rashid, M. Akhtaruzzaman, K. Sopian, Y. Sulaiman, and N. Amin 070048

Fabrication and characterization of ZnO:In thin film as photoanode for DSSC using natural fruit dyes

Ili Salwani Mohamad, Mohd Natashah Norizan, Mohd Khairul Fikri Mohd Hanifiah, Intan Azanni Mohd Amin, and Mukhzeer Mohamad Shahimin 070049

Dye-sensitized solar cells using natural dyes as sensitizers from Malaysia local fruit ‘Buah Mertajam’N. A. M. Ahmad Hambali, N. Roshidah, M. Norhafiz Hashim, I. S. Mohamad, N. Hidayah Saad, and M. N. Norizan 070050

Observer based output feedback tuning for underwater remotely operated vehicle based on linear quadratic performance

Mohd Shahrieel Mohd Aras, Shahrum Shah Abdullah, Muhammad Nizam Kamarudin, Ahmad Fadzli Nizam Abdul Rahman, Fadilah Abd Azis, and Hazriq Izzuan Jaafar 070051


Analysis of movement for unmanned underwater vehicle using a low cost integrated sensorMohd Shahrieel Mohd Aras, Shahrum Shah Abdullah, Ahmad Fadzli Nizam Abdul Rahman, Mohd Farriz Basar, Anuar Mohamed Kassim, and Hazriq Izzuan Jaafar 070052

Feedback sensor noise rejection control strategy for quadrotor UAV systemM. Hassan Tanveer, D. Hazry, S. Faiz Ahmed, M. Kamran Joyo, Faizan A. Warsi, H. Kamarudin, Khairunizam Wan, Zuradzman M. Razlan, Shahriman A. B. and A. T. Hussain 070053

Preparation of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles by sol-gel method with optimum processing parametersYusriha Mohd Yusoff, Midhat Nabil Ahmad Salimi, and Adilah Anuar 070054

Isotherm study of reactive Blue 19 adsorption by an alum sludgeOng Keat Khim, Mohd Asri Md Nor, Syuriya Mohamad, Nas Aulia Ahmad Nasaruddin, Nor Laili-Azua Jamari, and Wan Md Zin Wan Yunus 070055

Preliminary work for SiC-based piezoelectric energy harvester with mathematical modelling and simulation study

M. N. Fakhzan M. K., Nasrul F. M. N., S. Raman, and Asan G. A. Muthalif 070056

Element free Galerkin formulation of composite beam with longitudinal slipDzulkarnain Ahmad, Mokhtazul Haizad Mokhtaram, Mohd Iqbal Badli, and Airil Y. Mohd Yassin 070057

Optimization study of Chromalaena odorata essential oil extracted using solventless extraction technique

Dalila Nasshorudin, Muhammad Syarhabil Ahmad, Awang Soh Mamat, and Suraya Rosli 070058

Increasing the coverage area through relay node deployment in long term evolution advanced cellular networks

Jaafar A. Aldhaibani, R. B. Ahmad, A. Yahya, and Suzan A. Azeez 070059

Effects on crystal structure of CZTS thin films owing to deionized water and sulfurization treatmentSamia Ahmed Nadi, Puvaneswaran Chelvanathan, Yulisa Yusoff, M. A. Islam, Nowshad Amin, and Kamruzzaman Sopian 070060

A numerical analysis of empty and foam-filled aluminium conical tubes under oblique impact loadingFauziah Mat, Khairul Azwan Ismail, and Sazali Yaacob 070061

Modeling the hole configuration on gas turbine blade vaneMohamad Shukri Zakaria, Muhammad Zaidan Abdul Manaf, Mohd Noor Asril Saadun, Ridhwan Jumaidin, and Andi Hairul Hafizan 070062

Wireless rake-receiver using adaptive filter with a family of partial update algorithms in noise cancellation applications

Rashid A. Fayadh, F. Malek, Hilal A. Fadhil, Jaafar A. Aldhaibani, M. K. Salman, and Farah Salwani Abdullah 070063

Mini acceleration and deceleration driving strategy to increase the operational time of flywheel hybrid module

Muhammad Zaidan Abdul Manaf, Shafarul Hafidi Fakeruddin, Mohamad Shukri Zakaria, Mohd Noor Asril Saadun, and Mohd Hafidzal Mohd Hanafi 070064


Fluid structure interaction computational analysis of hydraulic intensifierMohamad Shukri Zakaria, Ahmad Anas Yusof, Mohd Noor Asril Saadun, Nur Fathiah Mohd Nor, Mohd Hafidzal Mohd Hanafi, and Muhammad Ismail Zakaria 070065

Audio feature extraction using probability distribution functionSuhaib A., Khairunizam Wan, Azri A. Aziz, D. Hazry, Zuradzman M. Razlan, and Shahriman A. B. 070066

PID controller design for trailer suspension based on linear modelS. Kushairi, A. R. Omar, R. Schmidt, A. A. Mat Isa, K. Hudha, and M. A. Azizan 070067

Adsorption of basic Red 46 using sea mango (Cerbera odollam) based activated carbonNur Azira Iqlima Azmi, Nor Fauziah Zainudin, and Umi Fazara Md Ali 070068

Titanium doped LSCM anode for hydrocarbon fuelled SOFCsAbul K. Azad, Afizul Hakem, and Pg. M. Iskandar Petra 070069

Simulation of mixed convection in a channel with cavity heated from different sides using fluentMohd Noor Asril Saadun, Nor Faizah Binti Haminudin, Mohamad Shukri Zakaria, Muhammad Zaidan Abdul Manaf, and Mohd Hafidzal Mohd Hanafi 070070

The effect of size and content of jackfruit seed flour on the properties of low density polyethyleneP. Santhiya, S. T. Sam, S. Ragunathan, N. Z. Noriman, and C. H. Voon 070071

Analyzing mobile WiMAX base station deployment under different frequency planning strategiesM. K. Salman, R. B. Ahmad, Ziad G. Ali, Jaafar A. Aldhaibani, and Rashid A. Fayadh 070072

Non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm in optimizing ninth order multiple feedback Chebyshev low pass filter

Wei Jer Lim, Siew Chin Neoh, Mohd Natashah Norizan, and Ili Salwani Mohamad 070073

Adapting histogram for automatic noise data removal in building interior point cloud dataS. A. Abdul Shukor and E. J. Rushforth 070074

The effects of drying on physical properties of bilimbi slices (Averrhoa bilimbi l.)N. Shahari, M. Nursabrina, and A. Zai Suhairah 070075

Lip movement tracking based on the changes of surface area of ellipseKamil S. Talha, Khairunizam Wan, Viratt Chittawad, S. K. Za’ba, and M. Nasir Ayob 070076

Development of wireless sensor network for monitoring indoor air pollutantShaharil Mad Saad, Ali Yeon Md Shakaff, Abdul Rahman Mohd Saad, and Azman Muhamad Yusof @ Kamarudin 070077

Numerical investigation of the aerodynamic performance for the newly designed cavity vane type vertical axis wind turbine

K. H. Suffer, R. Usubamatov, G. A. Quadir, and K. A. Ismail 070078


The investigation of single, dual and tri-band frequency selective surfaceMohamad Zoinol Abidin Abd. Aziz, Mahfuzah Md. Shukor, Nur Hanim Mustafa, Noor Azamiah Md Fauzi, Badrul Hisham Ahmad, Mohamad Kadim Suaidi, Fauzi Mohd Johar, Siti Nadzirah Salleh, Farah Ayuni Azmin, and Mohd Fareq Abd. Malek 070079

Variable length adjacent partitioning for PTS based PAPR reduction of OFDM signalZeyid T. Ibraheem, Md. Mijanur Rahman, S. N. Yaakob, Mohammad Shahrazel Razalli, and Rasim A. Kadhim 070080

Finite element model of iron powder compaction at above room temperatureM. M. Rahman and A. K. Ariffin 070081

Controller cooling of an electric vehicle: An analytical and CFD study of heat transferM. M. Rahman, H. Y. Rahman, and T. J. Hua 070082

Investigation of the piezoelectric charge coefficient d33 of thick-film piezoelectric ceramics by varying poling and repoling conditions

Muhamad Haffiz Mohd Radzi and Kok Swee Leong 070083

Potential of Cerbera odollam as a bio-fungicide for post-harvest pathogen Penicilium digitatumHarbant Singh, Sue Yin-Chu, Ghassan Al-Samarrai, and Muhammad Syarhabil 070084

Design of dual band FSS by using quadruple L-slot techniqueNoor Azamiah Md Fauzi, Mohamad Zoinol Abidin Abd. Aziz, Maizatul Alice Meor Said, Mohd Azlishah Othman, Badrul Hisham Ahmad, and Mohd Fareq Abd Malek 070085

Characterization of an ultra-high performance immunosensor modified with sol-gel nanogold particles and its applications

Solomon W. Leung, David Assan, and James C. K. Lai 070086

An alternative method on quadratic programming problemsY. Dasril, I. B. Mohd, I. Mustaffa, and MMM. Aminuddin 070087

Fuzzy control of parabolic antenna with backlash compensationMohammed Ahmed and Samsul Bahari B. Mohd Noor 070088

Transesterification catalyzed by Lipozyme TLIM for biodiesel production from low cost feedstockSiti Fatimah Abdul Halim, Hamizura Hassan, Nurulhuda Amri, and Nur Alwani Ali Bashah 070089

Development of micro-electromechanical system (MEMS) cochlear biomodelThailis Bounya Anak Ngelayang and Rhonira Latif 070090

Numerical discretization for nonlinear diffusion filterI. Mustaffa, I. Mizuar, M. M. M. Aminuddin, and Y. Dasril 070091

Influence of fine water droplets to temperature and humidityM. H. M. Hafidzal, A. Hamzah, M. Z. A. Manaf, M. N. A. Saadun, M. S. Zakaria, A. Roslizar, and R. Jumaidin 070092


Potential immobilized Saccharomyces cerevisiae as heavy metal removalNur Izzati Abdul Raffar, Nadhratul Nur Ain Abdul Rahman, Rasyidah Alrozi, Faraziehan Senusi, and Siu Hua Chang 070093

Degradation of Reactive Black 5 dye by CWPO using Fe/mining sand under photo-Fenton processNurulhuda Amri, Norhaslinda Nasuha, Siti Fatimah Abdul Halim, and Khairuddin Ngah 070094

Review on anode material development in solid oxide fuel cellsLily Siong @ Mahmud, Andanastuti Muchtar, and Mahendra Rao Somalu 070095

The hardness effect of friction stir welding by MILKO 37 milling machineM. A. H. M. Jasri, M. Afendi, A. Ismail, and M. Ishak 070096

Topologies for three-phase wound-field salient rotor switched-flux machines for HEV applications

Faisal Khan, Erwan Sulaiman, Md Zarafi Ahmad, Zhafir Aizat Husin, and Mohamed Mubin Aizat Mazlan 070097

Fundamental Lamb wave interaction around through defect in plateM. N. Salim, R. B. Jenal, T. Hayashi, and S. Suhairy 070098

Non preemptive soft real time scheduler: High deadline meeting rate on overloadZahereel Ishwar Abdul Khalib, R. Badlishah Ahmad, and Mohamed El-Shaikh 070099

Evaluation of dynamic programming among the existing stereo matching algorithmsTeo Chee Huat and Nurulfajar bin Abd Manap 070100

Performance analysis of a finite radon transform in OFDM system under different channel modelsSameer A. Dawood, F. Malek, M. S. Anuar, Rashid A. Fayadh, and Farrah Salwani Abdullah 070101

Investigation of the monopole antenna performance on hybrid material substrateOng Teik Kean, Badrul Hisham Ahmad, Mohamad Zoinol Abidin Abd. Aziz, Noor Azamiah Md. Fauzi, Mohamad Hafize bin Ramli, and Mohd. Fareq Abd. Malek 070102

The microstructure of aluminum A5083 butt joint by friction stir weldingM. A. H. M. Jasri, M. Afendi, A. Ismail, and M. Ishak 070103

Performance enhancement of rake-receiver using continuous and discrete wavelet transforms analysis through NLOS propagation

Rashid A. Fayadh, F. Malek, Hilal A. Fadhil, Sameer A. Dawood, and Farah Salwani Abdullah 070104

Effect of sintering temperature and time intervals on morphological and hardness behaviour of Al-20 vol% Sn matrix composites

N. A. Badarulzaman, S. R. Karim, and M. A. Lajis 070105

Fabrication of porous ceramic via recycling of glass with paper fiber as sacrificial fugitiveN. A. Badarulzaman, A. Hamidon, and M. A. A. M. Nor 070106


Study on shear strengthening of RC continuous T-beams using different layers of CFRP stripsM. B. S. Alferjani, A. A. Abdul Samad, Blkasem S. Elrawaff, Omer Elzaroug, and Noridah Mohamad 070107

Effects of Plaster of Paris waste on the mechanical properties of potteryN. A. Badarulzaman, A. M. Nawi, and M. Ibrahim 070108

Green technology approach towards herbal extraction methodTengku Nur Atiqah Tengku Ab Mutalib, Zainab Hamzah, Othman Hashim, and Hishamudin Che Mat 070109

Semi-automated identification of white blood cell using active contour techniqueNurhanis Izzati Binti Che Marzuki, Nasrul Humaimi Bin Mahmood, and Mohd Azhar Bin Abdul Razak 070110

The cascaded moving k-means and fuzzy c-means clustering algorithms for unsupervised segmentation of malaria images

Aimi Salihah Abdul-Nasir, Mohd Yusoff Mashor, Nurul Hazwani Abd Halim, and Zeehaida Mohamed 070111

Underwater manipulator’s kinematic analysis for sustainable and energy efficient water hydraulics system

Siti Nor Habibah Hassan, Ahmad Anas Yusof, Tee Boon Tuan, Mohd Noor Asril Saadun, Mohd Qadafie Ibrahim, and Wan Mohd Norsani Wan Nik 070112

Enhancement and improvement of the mechanical properties of aluminum extruded products by mathematical analysis and simulation process

Hani Mizhir Magid, S. Sulaiman, M. K. A. Ariffin, and B. T. H. T. Baharudin 070113

Multiple logistic regression model of signalling practices of drivers on urban highwaysOthman Che Puan, Muttaka Na’iya Ibrahim, and Rozana Zakaria 070114

Design study and performance analysis of 12S-14P field excitation flux switching motor for hybrid electric vehicle

Zhafir Aizat Husin, Erwan Sulaiman, Faisal Khan, Mohamed Mubin Aizat Mazlan, and Syed Muhammad Naufal Syed Othman 070115

Design comparison of single phase outer and inner-rotor hybrid excitation flux switching motor for hybrid electric vehicles

Mohamed Mubin Aizat Mazlan, Erwan Sulaiman, Zhafir Aizat Husin, Syed Muhammad Naufal Syed Othman, and Faisal Khan 070116

Initial design of 12S-10P outer-rotor field excitation flux switching motor with different rotor widthSyed Muhammad Naufal bin Syed Othman, Erwan bin Sulaiman, Zhafir Aizat Husin, Faisal Khan, and Mohamed Mubin Aizat Mazlan 070117

Temporal and spatial characterization of turbulent structures in liquid phase using POD techniqueS. Munir, M. R. Heikal, A. Rashid A. Aziz, M. S. Muthuvalu, and M. I. Siddiqui 070118

Study on production of biodiesel from Jatropha oil and the performance and emission of a diesel engine

N. F. M. Nor, M. H. M. Hafidzal, S. A. Shamsuddin, M. S. Ismail, and A. H. Hashim 070119


Comparison of numerical simulation with experimental result for small scale one seater wing in ground effect (WIG) craft

A. Tarmizi Baharun, Adi Maimun, Yasser M. Ahmed, M. Mobassher, and M. Nakisa 070120

Updated model of RazakSAT’s attitude during sun tracking mode using time seriesNor Hazadura Hamzah, Sazali Yaacob, Hariharan Muthusamy, and Norhizam Hamzah 070121

Fishery landing forecasting using EMD-based least square support vector machine modelsAni Shabri 070122

248nm silicon photoablation: Microstructuring basicsP. Poopalan, S. H. Najamudin, Y. Wahab, and M. Mazalan 070123

Preparation and tensile properties of linear low density polyethylene/rambutan peels (Nephelium chryseum Blum.) flour blends

A. Ainatun. Nadhirah, S. T. Sam, N. Z. Noriman, C. H. Voon, and S. S. Samera 070124

Relative risk estimation of Chikungunya disease in Malaysia: An analysis based on Poisson-gamma model

N. A. Samat and S. H. Mohd Imam Ma’arof 070125

The bifurcation scenario of Lorentz - Haken laser system using the package MatcontBaimenshina G. 070126

Validation of numerical results of impact of viscoelastic slug and elastic rod through viscoelastic discontinuity analysis: Standard linear solid model

A. B. Musa 070127

Industrial Applications

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Modeling the leadership attributes of top management in green innovation implementationNoormaizatul Akmar Ishak and Mohammad Fadzli Ramli 090002

A novel heuristic for optimization aggregate production problem: Evidence from flat panel display in Malaysia

Al-Kuhali K., Hussain M. I., Zain Z. M. and Mullenix P. 090003

Electrical engineering is an applied mathematicsYuda Bakti Zainal, Susanto Sambasri, and Rohani Jahja Widodo 090004

Classification of Malaysia aromatic rice using multivariate statistical analysisA. H. Abdullah, A. H. Adom, A. Y. Md Shakaff, M. J. Masnan, A. Zakaria, N. A. Rahim, and O. Omar 090005

Camera systems in human motion analysis for biomedical applicationsLim Chee Chin, Shafriza Nisha Basah, Sazali Yaacob, Yeap Ewe Juan, and Aida Khairunnisaa Ab. Kadir 090006


Case study of lean manufacturing application in a die casting manufacturing companyNg Tan Ching, Clarence Chan Kok Hoe, Tang Sai Hong, Morteza Ghobakhloo, and Chen Kah Pin 090007

Optimization of RFID network planning using Zigbee and WSNKhalid Hasnan, Aftab Ahmed, Badrul-aisham, and Qadir Bakhsh 090008

Modification of risk assessment value to test industry reliabilityShahryar Sorooshian 090009

Comparison of lime powder and caustic soda as a pre-treatment for ammonia-nitrogen removal from a scheduled waste leachate

Nurul Hanira M. L., Hasfalina C. M., A. Sani, and M. Rashid 090010

IRIS: A database application system for diseases identification using FTIR spectroscopyAhmad Zulhilmi Arshad, Yusof Munajat, Raja Kamarulzaman Raja Ibrahim, and Nasrul Humaimi Mahmood 090011

Application of data envelopment analysis in measuring the efficiency of mutual fundMarzieh Geramian Nik, Hooman Mihanzadeh, Mozhgan Izadifar, and Babak Geramian Nik 090012

Analysis the configuration of earthing system based on high-low and low-high soil structureA. N. Ramani, Abdul Rahman Ahmad, M. F. Sulaima, M. N. M. Nasir, and Arfah Ahmad 090013

Assessment of transformer core and winding conditions for distribution transformers using sweep frequency response analysis waveforms

Z. H. Bohari, M. F. Baharom, M. F. Sulaima, M. H. Jali, H. I. Jaafar, and M. S. Jamri 090014

Statistical evaluation of metal fill widths for emulated metal fill in parasitic extraction methodologyTeh J-Me, Norlaili Mohd. Noh, and Zalina Abdul Aziz 090015

Automatic recloser circuit breaker integrated with GSM technology for power system notificationM. Y. Lada, M. S. A. Khiar, S. A. Ghani, M. R. M. Nawawi, N. H. Rahim, and L. O. M. Sinar 090016

Implementations of back propagation algorithm in ecosystems applicationsKhalda F. Ali, Riza Sulaiman, and Amir Mohamed Elamir 090017

Distributed search engine architecture based on topic specific searchesYousra Abudaqqa and Ahmed Patel 090018

Energy conservation and management system using efficient building automationS. Faiz Ahmed, D. Hazry, M. Hassan Tanveer, M. Kamran Joyo, Faizan A. Warsi, H. Kamarudin, Khairunizam Wan, Zuradzman M. Razlan, Shahriman A. B. and A. T. Hussain 090019

Effectiveness comparison of partially executed t-way test suite based generated by existing strategiesRozmie R. Othman, Mohd Zamri Zahir Ahmad, Mohd Shaiful Aziz Rashid Ali, Hasneeza Liza Zakaria, and Md. Mostafijur Rahman 090020


Support vector machine for day ahead electricity price forecastingIntan Azmira binti Wan Abdul Razak, Izham bin Zainal Abidin, Yap Keem Siah, Titik Khawa binti Abdul Rahman, M. Y. Lada, Anis Niza binti Ramani, M. N. M. Nasir, and Arfah binti Ahmad 090021

Preliminary study towards the development of copying skill assessment on dyslexic children in Jawi handwriting

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A comparative study of frequency ratio, statistical index and poisson method for landslide hazard mapping along East-West highway

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The Development of Mathematics Courseware for Learning Line and Angle

Noor Dayana Abd Halim, Ong Boon Han, Zaleha Abdullah and Junaidah Yusup

Department of Educational Sciences, Mathematics and Creative Multimedia, Faculty of Education, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia

Abstract. Learning software is a teaching aid which is often used in schools to increase students’ motivation, attract students' attention and also improve the quality of teaching and learning process. However, the development of learning software should be followed the phases in Instructional Design (ID) Model, therefore the process can be carried out systematic and orderly. Thus, this concept paper describes the application of ADDIE model in the development of mathematics learning courseware for learning Line and Angle named CBL-Math. ADDIE model consists of five consecutive phases which are Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation and Evaluation. Each phase must be properly planned in order to achieve the objectives stated. Other than to describe the processes occurring in each phase, this paper also demonstrating how cognitive theory of multimedia learning principles are integrated in the developed courseware. The principles that applied in the courseware reduce the students' cognitive load while learning the topic of line and angle. With well prepared development process and the integration of appropriate principles, it is expected that the developed software can help students learn effectively and also increase students’ achievement in the topic of Line and Angle.

Keywords: Courseware; ADDIE; cognitive; mathematics; computer based learning. PACS: 01.50.hv

INTRODUCTION

Recent studies have shown that the most exciting innovation in the educational technology is the concept of computer-based learning (CBL). CBL uses a combination of multimedia elements such as text, graphics, audio and video in the learning process. CBL programs use tutorials, drills and practice, simulation and problem-solving approaches to present topics and to test the student’s understanding. It has been shown to improve students’ attitudes, motivation and academic achievement [1]. However, it is not intended to replace the traditional educational methods which are usually carried out by the “chalk and talk” method.

The use of CBL as a teaching tool has become common in Malaysian schools. The Malaysian government recognizes the benefits of integrating learning courseware in teaching and learning process in school. According to the Curriculum Development Centre, Ministry of Education Malaysia (2004), technology in education supports the mastery and achievement of the desired learning outcomes. Hence, the Malaysian government has initiated several programs to assist in the progression of ICT usage. Among the ICT initiatives in Malaysia are TV Pendidikan, SchoolNet, and Computer Lab respectively. In the implementation, textbooks are provided with an accompanying interactive CD, containing extra contents and exercises. Other than that, many types of digital contents have been developed and proposed for use, including, educational TV programs [2] and courseware [3]. CBL promotes enhanced learning motivation among students by providing them with immediate feedback and reinforcement, as well as by creating an exciting and interesting atmosphere in which to learn [4]. Usually, students are provided with assignments, problems, exercises, and reading materials in the computer learning environment [5]. Moreover, the advantage of CBL is its ability to provide quantifiable and instantaneous feedback for its users. However, the way in which CBL is applied in teaching and learning can influence its effectiveness, and hence, new studies are needed to clarify the effect of CBL in a contemporary student environment [6]. Nevertheless, the Malaysian government believes that the use of courseware can increase student engagement and motivation, thereby providing students with a greater level of individualized instruction [7].

International Conference on Mathematics, Engineering and Industrial Applications 2014 (ICoMEIA 2014)AIP Conf. Proc. 1660, 050021-1–050021-7; doi: 10.1063/1.4915654

© 2015 AIP Publishing LLC 978-0-7354-1304-7/$30.00

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USING CBL IN LEARNING MATHEMATICS

Generally, CBL has a positive effect upon students. CBL can actively improve students’ attitudes, motivation and academic achievement [8]. Liao [9] claims that CBL had a positive effect on individuals by comparing 52 research studies carried out in Taiwan in his meta-analysis study. There is also a considerable amount of research on CBL being carried out both in Turkey and in other parts of the world. Different conclusions have been arrived at in these studies. Some of these studies revealed that CBL serves to establish more effective learning situations than traditional teaching methods (which involve teacher presentation, question and answer techniques, and discussions respectively) [10,11,12]. It has been determined that CBL serves to develop meta-cognitive skills in students and helps them to learn in a meaningful way instead of rote-memory learning, as it enables them to increase their achievements [13].

Besides, it has been proven by researchers that CBL provides a positive effect in learning mathematics [1,14]. The use of computers with effective teaching strategies has great potential for the teaching and learning process [15]. In 2009, Mahmud, et al. [16] developed a courseware called ‘G-Reflect’; this courseware was then evaluated on students’ achievement and motivation in learning Mathematics. The courseware was developed using Geometer’s Sketchpad (GSP) software. The research indicated that students were motivated in learning mathematics and performed better than students who were taught in the traditional method. They suggested suitable topics which could utilize the GSP software in the secondary school Mathematics syllabus. These included: Translation, Rotation, Dilation, Polygons, Perimeter and Area, Coordinates, Graphs of Function, Circle, Trigonometry and Linear Equations respectively.

Subsequently, Noordin and Fatimah [14] utilized the Van Hiele’s levels for teaching and learning Lines and Planes in 3 Dimensions. Based on a preliminary study, students had been identified as having problems in visualizing figures. To overcome this problem, a multimedia courseware was developed based on a framework that utilized Van Hiele’s Geometric model for visualizing 3D models. A testing experiment was conducted with 60 high school students aged 14 years old in order to measure the courseware’s effectiveness as an aid for visualizing 3D models. The results showed that the students had demonstrated the ability to visualize and enhance their understanding on the topic after learning using the courseware.

In the following year, the research done by Zuraini and Fatimah [17] evaluated the effectiveness and usability of the ‘Li2D’ courseware. The interactive learning environment provided by ‘Li2D’ enabled students to visualize the movement of the locus and steps involved in constructing the locus. A total of 63 Form Two students were involved in the study. The students were divided into two groups, namely, control and experimental. The experimental group had to interact with ‘Li2D’ courseware as part of the learning activities; while the control group used conventional learning methods. Evaluation was accomplished based on four constructs of usability, specifically: efficiency, learning ability, screen design and satisfaction. The research conducted an evaluation of the multimedia elements. The results showed that the experimental group performed better than the control group in understanding the Loci in the topic of Two Dimensions. In a nut shell, from the several recent studies mentioned above, it has been proven that the use of computers in conjunction with effective teaching strategies has great potential in the teaching and learning process.

DEVELOPMENT METHODOLOGY

There are several types of ISD models. However, for the purposes of this development, the ADDIE model was selected as the model has been used extensively and successfully as a systematic method of development of education and training programs for improved learner performance [12]. The ADDIE model is a framework that is traditionally used by instructional designers [18]. The ADDIE model provides a guideline to a designer that includes several main phases, such as: Analysis, Design, Develop, Implement and Evaluate. These five main phases are linked and connected to each other. The evaluation process can be claimed where a revised step is required in each of the other four phases. In addition, it is a closed cycle model as it connects the five main phases systematically. There are several advantages when compared with other models. According to Molenda [20], first, the model is systematic. The steps in this model are stated clearly and logically in sequence. The steps involved are comprehensive and are set to facilitate the task of designers in pondering elements that are independent in the system instructions. Furthermore, it is also a reliable model. The steps involved in this model are stated in detail from the beginning to the end. Moreover, the model is iterative, as the cycle of analysis, design, development, implementation and evaluation is repeated. Finally, the model is empirical which the data collection process is a part

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of the process and decisions made are based on that data [20]. As mentioned before, the developed courseware was named as CBL-Math.

Analysis Phase

In this phase, the analysis of targeted users and teachers characteristics was done. The courseware is targeted to a class of Form One students. A total of 60 students took part in the control and treatment groups. The students involved in the control and treatment group were Malay, Chinese and Indian ethnicity respectively. The teacher of the treatment class is a Mathematics teacher who has been teaching mathematics for 8 years and also a degree holder, with a minor in mathematics. The teacher of the control group class is a mathematics teacher who has been teaching in the school for more than 10 years and has a major in Mathematics and is accustomed to teaching mathematics using traditional teaching methods. Both teachers have experiences in using computer and LCD in classroom. Next, the topic selected to be a domain for the courseware is Lines and Angles. The content and objectives were followed the syllabus in Integrated Curriculum for Secondary School Malaysia (KBSM).

Other than that, the selection of learning theory and strategy that suitable to apply in designing the courseware also being analysed. It is because using effective strategies and methods will help to present the content and knowledge in a clear and precise manner. Therefore, this research adopted the Madeline Hunter Direct Instruction Model (1982) for the teaching and learning process in CBL-Math. The process of integrating the Model into the developed courseware had explained extensively by Ong et al. [21] in his paper. Conclusively, the strategy and method are as follows:

(i) The teacher clearly explains the detailed objective specification of what is going to be learned on that day. (ii) The teacher briefs students on the concept of the topic Line and Angle by using CBL-Math. (iii) The teacher shows some worked-examples to students that expose them to the material in graded steps of

increasing difficulty and that frequently retest the same fact from many different angles. (iv) The teacher encourages the learner to be active by asking for a response to each question or step being

showed. (v) The teacher provides immediate feedback to students’ responses. (vi) Students answer the textbook questions by discussion within their own group (vii) Meanwhile, the teacher guides the low achiever students or shows worked-examples with explanations at

every single step of the solution. (viii) Praise or merit as reinforcement will be given readily for correct answers, as well as for diligent and

effective work.

Design Phase

The input of the design phase resulted from the analysis phase. The outcome of this phase is a product with a set of specifications or plans for the developers to follow in order to develop CBL-Math. During this phase, the screen interface of CBL-Math was designed. This phase involves the selection of colors, buttons, icons and graphics to be used in the courseware. As mentioned before, the Madeline Hunter Direct Instruction Model (1982) was used as the guideline in designing the flow of the content. The content is carefully reviewed so as to ensure completeness and accuracy. Thus, in order to design the courseware, the storyboard was drawn in a template. The storyboard is prepared for the main screen of the developed software. It is used to describe the objects and “story” on the screen. The design for the formation of each screen was emphasized by the combination of text, images and animation to help students understand the content taught by the instructor. This feature was implemented by presenting the content and information visually while the instructor explains verbally and gives feedback to students.

Development Phase

The development phase refers to the preparation of the materials to be used in the courseware. It also refers to the process of transferring all the planning and documents from the design phase in order to make them more practical. This process was carried out with the help of a presentation tool, a graphic editing program and multimedia elements, such as graphics and text. This phase also involved the approach and design that had previously been

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agreed upon and planned in the design phase. Development includes the generation of draft courseware from storyboards and approved design plans. Storyboards, together with a detailed user interface design, and a multimedia element design which was developed in the previous phase, were used to develop the courseware.

Implementation and Evaluation Phase

Before the CBL Math will be implemented and evaluated to the real target users, the formative evaluation was conducted among several expertise including Mathematics, Art and IT teacher. This process called Alpha Testing which defined by Reddi and Mishra [22] as an evaluation to the prototype of software when it is ready. According to them, at this phase, the software is not fully functional and it is usually tested internally such as navigation, look, design and errors. Therefore, there are several expertise selected to test the CBL Math. After this process, the courseware was redesigned according to their comments and suggestions. TABLE (1) shows the selection of the three experts according to their expert field for the evaluation process and their comments and suggestions.

TABLE (1). Comments and suggestions by expertise during formative evaluation.

Expert field Years of experience Comments and suggestions

Art teacher >10 1. The color of the background is contrasted with the text. The content looks clear.

Mathematics teacher

>20 1. The measuring angle should be more than 90 degrees in the worked example. It helps students to identify the method of measuring using inner scale (anti-clockwise) and outer scale (clockwise). 2. The number of worked examples should be more than what the textbook provides. 3. Worked examples should be given more frequently to enhance students’ understanding. It also helps students to boost their confidence in solving the exercise questions.

IT teacher

>8 1. The courseware is easy to use. It is suitable for teachers to use even without training. No technical problems occur.

INTEGRATION OF COGNITIVE THEORY OF MULTIMEDIA LEARNING IN CBL-MATH

Normally, in multimedia software the information is translated into texts or graphics forms. Pictures illustrating

the information do strengthen the learning ability especially those complex facts or content which are hard to understand or unclear to explain by reading the text [23]. The load-reducing methods suggested include: placing printed words near corresponding parts of graphics to reduce need for visual scanning, and eliminating interesting but extraneous material so as to reduce processing of extraneous material [24]. An unrelated object or learning task may hinder the learning process [24]. Therefore, to ensure the teaching and learning process can be carried out successfully, cognitive theory of multimedia learning by Mayer [25] was applied as the framework in designing the courseware. TABLE (2) illustrates the implementation of the principles of this theory in the developed courseware. FIGURE 1, 2, 3 present the example of screen designs for the CBL Math that implemented the principle of cognitive theory of multimedia learning.

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TABLE (2). Implementation principle of cognitive theory of multimedia learning in CBL-Math [25].

Principles of cognitive theory of multimedia learning

Implementation of the cognitive theory of multimedia learning in CBL-Math.

Selecting relevant words for processing in verbal working memory

CBL-Math displays only relevant words in order to reduce the cognitive load. Some key words are in bold font purposely to draw students’ attention. In addition, it shows only the important points and does not elaborate in detail as it can be expanded upon by the instructor. (see FIGURE 3)

Selecting relevant images for processing in visual working memory.

CBL-Math presents pictures which are relevant to the information included in the text. It does not include unrelated objects on the screen to distract students’ attention.

Organizing selected words into a verbal mental model.

CBL-Math presents only the key words in its content. The instructor explains and elaborates upon the content verbally. The words appear systematically so that the students are able to build connections among the selected words to create a coherent verbal model in working memory (see FIGURE 1 and 2)

Organizing selected images into a visual mental model.

The worked examples, animations and graphics are presented step by step systematically so that the students are able to build connections among selected images in order to create a coherent pictorial model in working memory.

Integrating verbal and visual representations as well as prior knowledge.

CBL-Math shows pictures or animation while the instructor explains. Students’ prior knowledge is activated by presenting the pictures or animation, such as diameter, ruler, angle and protector. Students transform this stimulation into a pattern, for storage in short-term memory (see FIGURE 3)

FIGURE 1. Cake was used as the example that relate to students’ daily life.

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FIGURE 2. Relation between the missing part of the cake with an angle.

FIGURE 3. Animation of clock to show the concept of rotation.

CONCLUSION

This paper demonstrate the process involved in developing the mathematics learning courseware and also illustrated the implementation of cognitive theory of multimedia learning principles in order to deliver the information. CBL-Math provides students with a new learning option besides the traditional “chalk and talk” method. As multimedia courseware claims to be an effective alternative tool, students will become more motivated and eventually enhance their learning by using CBL-Math. Moreover, CBL-Math provides immediate feedback to the questions given and offers worked examples as a reference. Therefore, students can do exercise without having to resort to asking teachers for instance as they can check the answers and steps of the solution themselves. Therefore, further research will be conducted to investigate the effectiveness of the developed courseware on students’ achievement.

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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The authors would like to thank the Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM) and Ministry of Higher Education (MoHE) Malaysia for their support in making this project possible. This work was supported by the Research University Grant (Q.J130000.2731.00K63) initiated by UTM and MoHE.

REFERENCES

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Kuala Lumpur, 2008, 1-6. 4. M. N. Shahrina, W. A. Wan Fatimah and M. Mazyrah, European Journal of Social Sciences 17(2), (2010). 5. F. S. V. Vansia, International Referred Research Journal 3(28), (2012). 6. R. Hassan, Ph.D. Thesis, Warwick University, 2008. 7. L. Barrow, E. Debraggio, and C. E. Rouse, Retrieved from http://www.voxeu.org/index.php?q=node/2722. 8. A. Barger and K. Byrd, Journal of Cross-Disciplinary Perspectives in Education 4(1), 1-9 (2011). 9. Y. C. Liao, Computer and Education 48, 216-233 (2007). 10. A. H. Hançer and N. Yalçın, Faculty of Education Journal 29(1), 55-72 (2009). 11. C. Lin, Contemporary Issues in Technology and Teacher Education 9(3), (2009). 12. C. Y. Ragasa, Journal of Statistics Education 16(1), (2008). 13. C. E. Renshaw and H. A. Taylor, Computers and Geosciences 26(6), 677-682 (2000). 14. S. Noordin and W. A. Wan Fatimah, Program of the 16th Asian Technology Conference in Mathematics, Universiti

Teknologi Petronas, Perak, 2011. 15. T. S. Hoon, T. S. Chong and N. Nor Azilah, Educational Technology and Society 13(1), 121–132 (2010). 16. R. Mahmud, H. I. Arif and L. A. Kiaw, European Journal of Social Science 8(4), (2009). 17. H. Z. Zuraini and W. A. Wan Fatimah, International Symposium, 2010. 18. J. B. Battles, Qual Saf Health Care 15, 25–29 (2006). 19. G. R. Morrison, John Wiley and Sons, 6th Edition, 2010. 20. M. Molenda, Idiana University, 2003. 21. B. H. Ong, A. H. Noor Dayana, S. Rio Sumarni and A. Zaleha, Proceeding of International Conference on Informatics and

Creative Multimedia (ICICM 13), Kuala Lumpur, 2013, pp. 76-80. 22. U. V. Reddi and S. Mishra, The Commonwealth of Learning, Commonwealth Educational Media Centre for Asia, New

Delhi, 2003. 23. V. Gyselinck, E. Jamet, and V. Dubois, 22, 353-374 (2008). 24. R. E. Mayer and R. Moreno, Educational Psychologist 38, 43-52 (2003). 25. R. Mayer, Cambridge University Press, New York, 2005.

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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2004.12.005

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0098-3004(99)00103-X

http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/qshc.2005.015917

http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/S15326985EP3801_6

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