International Aquafeed - November | December 2015 - FULL EDITION

8/20/2019 International Aquafeed - November | December 2015 - FULL EDITION

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Nutraceutics

- for the control of bacterial

coldwater disease

Extrusion, essentialoils and fish feedoptimisation

The Ginger Shrimp- a promising species for

shrimp aquaculture incoastal Gujarat State

Acidifier conceptsin aquafeed

- high quality feed additives

VOLUME 18 ISSUE 6 - NOVEMBER | DECEMBER 2015

Aquaculture Europe 2015 review

INCORPORAT ING

F ISH FARMING TECHNOLOGY


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Editor

Professor Simon Davies

Email: [email protected]

Associate Editors

Dr Albert Tacon


Dr Yu Yu


Dr Kangsen Mai (Chinese edition)


Editorial Advisory Panel

• Abdel-Fattah M. El-Sayed (Egypt)• Dr Alber t Tacon (USA)

• Professor António Gouveia (Portugal)

• Professor Charles Bai (Korea)

• Colin Mair (UK)

• Dr Daniel Merrifield (UK)

• Dr Dominique Bureau (Canada)

• Dr Elizabeth Sweetman (Greece)

• Dr Kim Jauncey (UK)

• Eric De Muylder (Belgium)

• Dr Pedro Encarnação (Singapore)

• Dr Mohammad R Hasan (Italy)

Editorial team

Olivia Holden


Malachi Stone


Peter Parker


Andrew Wilkinson


Editor - Asia Pacific

Roy Palmer


Publisher

Roger Gilbert


Circulation & Events Manager

Tuti Tan


Design Manager

James Taylor


International marketing team (UK)

Darren Parris


Tom BlackerEmail: [email protected]

Latin America

Ivàn Marquetti


Pablo Porcel de Peralta


India

Ritu Kala


Africa

Nathan Nwosu


More information:

International Aquafeed

7 St George's Terrace, St James' Square

Cheltenham, GL50 3PT, United Kingdom

Tel: +44 1242 267706

Website: www.aquafeed.co.uk

CONTENTSVolume 18 / Issue 6 / November-December 2015 / © Copyright Perendale Publishers Ltd 2015 / All rights reserved

International Aquafeed is published six times a year by Perendale Publishers Ltd of the United Kingdom.

All data is published in good faith, based on information received, and while every care is taken to prevent

inaccuracies, the publishers accept no liability for any errors or omissions or for the consequences of action taken

on the basis of information published. ©Copyright 2015 Perendale Publishers Ltd. All rights reserved. No part of

this publication may be reproduced in any form or by any means without prior permission of the copyright owner.

Printed by Perendale Publishers Ltd. ISSN: 1464-0058

REGULAR ITEMS

3-10 INDUSTRY NEWS

6 THE AQUACULTURISTS

28 PHOTOSHOOT

34 EXPERT TOPIC - CARP

40 INDUSTRY EVENTS52 THE MARKET PLACE

54 THE AQUAFEED INTERVIEW

56 INDUSTRY FACES

FISH FARMING TECHNOLOGYSUPPLEMENT

002 Aquaculture sustainability andtourism

006 Urban Aquaponics at Grow Bristol

FEATURES

12 The Ginger Shrimp - Metapenaeuskutchensis: a promising speciesfor shrimp aquaculture in coastalGujarat State, India

14 Nutraceutics for the control of

bacterial coldwater disease16 Extrusion, essential oils and fish

feed optimisation

18 Putting it all together

22 Acidifier concepts in aquafeed –high quality feed additives

32 More than a mycotoxin binder

SPECIAL

30 2015/16 INDUSTRY PROFILES


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Meet the Aquafeed team at

upcoming international events

S

eason’s Greetings and ‘Hwyl Fawr’ (Welsh for

Great Health!). Last month was a most interesting

period for me with a number of engagements

in continental Europe, a short visit by militarytransport to Greenland, and of course the attendance

of the European Aquaculture 2015 event in Rotterdam.

It was so nice to be back in Holland again with so many

close friends and acquaintances over my three decades in

academia. So many past student successes now some with

PhD’s and working for the industry at large. Their loyalty

and support for me makes the job I have so worthwhile

and I appreciated their good company. A few now work

for AquaBioTech group in Malta under Shane Hunter and

undertaking excellent R&D work including fish feeding trials

and innovative aquaculture technology and consultancy

where it is needed. The group had a strong presence in

Rotterdam attracting much deserved attention.

In my new role at Harper Adams University in central

England I would hope to venture more widely and see new

places in the future and extend my horizons. This UK University

is dedicated to making investments in aquaculture with new

appointments under my direction. I will present a feature con-

cerning my new role in a future issue of IAF.

Aquaculture Europe was well attended and a good number

of trade stands were present with a sound representation of

the Aquafeed industry including this magazine. I finally met our

own Peter Parker without his spider man costume, but I sup-

pose must congratulate both Roger Gilbert and Peter on the

‘All Blacks’ win as two resident Kiwi’s. Well done! (However, I

did see the All Blacks get beaten by Llanelli Scarlets in 1972!!)

One major breaking news is the FDA approval for GMO

salmon and I have actually met with the AquaBounty team

on several occasions and followed their progression. We last

spoke about the potential of transgenic Atlantic salmon at the

Biomarine event in Halifax, Nova Scotia in 2013 and I do wish

them well. Whatever ones view and I am positive, the scientific

breakthrough is outstanding and will likely change the animal

production industry forever. The possibilities are enormous but

will certainly impact on the Aquafeed sector since faster grow-

ing fish will require feeding and higher yields will place further

demands on formulated feeds and the associated dependency

on high quality raw materials and feed ingredients.

The quest for novel protein and oils for Aquafeeds con-

tinues and I am personally involved in developing patented technologies towards that aim. I am now appreciating the

amount of developmental work and patience required to deal

with lawyers and their language that is quite different from my

type of science ‘speak’. My step into the commercial world and

maintaining my academic role has been challenging but reward-

ing and has given me a new mandate for learning. It’s never too

late to feed your brain with EPA & DHA.

In this issue we have a feature on Ginger shrimp from

India by S. I. Yusufzai, S. R. Lende and P. J. Mahida from the

Department of Aquaculture College of Fisheries Science,

Junagadh Agricultural University, Gujarat, India. The action of

specific types of Nutraceutics for the control of bacterial coldwater disease by representatives from both Spain and Argentina

are reviewed. We report on Extrusion, Essential Oils and Fish

Feed Optimisation using advanced microencapsulation improv-

ing delivery of phytogenic feed additives by Rui Gonçalves and

Gonçalo A. Santos, Biomin Holding GmbH, Austria.

Our extensive news platform, regular features and inter-

views with key stake-holders from the industry complements

our content.

I am mindful that this issue is the last for 2015 and I wish

you all the best for the Christmas season, and a prosperous

New Year!! 2016 will list some important events with the

Olympic Games in Brazil (we will try to feature some timely

aspect of Brazilian aquaculture), the influence of the AmericanPresidential election (Aquaculture Bill) and the future of US fish

farming industry may feature in a later editorial.

Nadolig LLawen a Blwyddyn Newydd Dda

(Welsh for Happy Christmas and Happy New Year!!)



Creoso - welcome

Meet the IAF team at booth 437


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The role of lipidsIoannis Zabetakis, assistant professor of food chemistry,University of Athens, Greece

In aquaculture, some of us focus on the nutrition of fish and how

to increase the specific growth rate of fish, digestibility of the feeds

for example. Some others of us focus on the nutritional value of

fish, their content of specific fatty acids, if these acids are saturated,

unsaturated or polyunsaturated or whether the fish lipids have anti-

inflammatory activities.

There is no doubt that these two distinctive groups of scientists

work for the same goal but are they really talking to each other?

In other words, do the fish nutritionists and the human nutritionists

have strong communication channels for the simultaneous develop-

ment of aquafeeds and fish nutritional value?

The link of these two scientific communities is (or could be) a classof compounds called “lipids”. The term lipids is originated from the

greek word «λί πος» (fat as a noun) and it includes all the organic

compounds that are greasy to the touch, insoluble in water but

soluble in alcohol and ether. Although, lipid compounds are clustered

as lipids because of their solubility properties, the lipid class includes

an amazing variety of molecules ranging from “tiny” (in terms of

molecular weight and size) free fatty acids with either short or long

carbon chain till rather “big” and “bulky” molecules with simple or

complex biochemistry (wax, and glycerolipids/phospholipids, respec-

tively).

There is a wealth of evidence that lipids are essential for the devel-

opment of larvae and the growth of fish at later stages. Fish oil andfishmeal are used as main ingredients in carnivorous and lately also

omnivorous fish species culture. Fish oil has high levels of n-3HUFA

(n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids) whereas fishmeal has relatively

stable lipid content (8-9 percent) and the percentage of EPA, DPA

and DHA is often higher compared to fish oil.

On the other hand, the fatty acids that are essential for fish growth

might not have so strong positive nutritional value as previously

thought. For instance, PUFA have been recently shown not to have

an effect on inhibiting atherosclerosis and the onset of cardiovas-

cular diseases. Some other lipid compounds (e.g. phospholipids such

as derivatives of phosphocholine, phosphoserine and phosphoetha-

nolamine) have been found to have strong anti-inflammatory prop-

erties.The ambitious challenge for the coming year and beyond is a rather

demanding one: how we can create more all-inclusive studies in

aquaculture? How can we design novel aquafeeds that are functional

into two levels, for example, for the growth of the fish species but

also for the enrichment of the nutritional value of the final produce?

Lipid molecules might hold some important biochemical secrets

for us. Let’s try to discover their value in a holistic way bearing in

mind that lipids is the keyword for both commercial and nutritional

success.

[email protected]

@yanzabet

International AquafeedExecutive Editor Oliva Holdenreturning to legal career

It is with a heavy heart we say a farewell to our very

own Executive Editor, Olivia Holden. Having passed

the English Bar exam before joining us, Olivia

was always destined to return to the legal sector.

Going back to law school, Olivia reects on her time

with Milling and Grain, "I have had a wonderful time

overseeing and helping to implement many fantastic

changes to Milling and Grain magazine, meeting many

great people involved in the feed and our milling

industries. A particular highlight was attending the

World Expo in Milan where the topic of ‘feeding the

planet, energy for life’ really instilled the fundamental

importance of this industry”. Olivia leaves us in

December having edited the last 12 editions, we wish

her all the best and I am no doubt we will stay in

touch.

Seasons greetings

The whole team at International Aquafeed

would like to take a moment to thank our

writers, advertisers - and most importantly,

you, our readers for your continued support

in 2015.

The magazine has had a fantastic 2015, and we

have some exciting content coming up in the new

year. We hope to see even more of you on our

travels around the globe and at the many diverse

trade events that we will be attending throughout

2016.

We would like to wish you all a prosperous, happyand healthy New Year.

Roger Gilbert & the team at International

Aquafeed magazine

November-December 2015 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | 3

NEWS


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First MSC certified whole lobster for

Christmas in the UK at Lidl

The £5 Christmas lobster has been a

Christmas favourite for the past few

years but, until now, it’s been difficult

to know if it is sustainable. This year, Lidl has

joined forces with the Marine Stewardship

Council to introduce the first whole lobster

that is MSC certified as sustainable. And this

year, it costs less than a fiver.

Cold, clean Canadian watersThe MSC certified lobsters come from the

cold, clear waters of New Brunswick, Canada.

The sea is a defining part of New Brunswick

life. Nearly two thirds of the population lifewithin 30 miles of the sea and local resi-

dents describe it as ‘the best lobster in the

world.’

Lobster fishing is only a very short season,

just two months, to protect the stock and

make sure the lobsters are in the best possible

condition. The fishermen use small boats andbaited traps to catch the lobsters and any that

are too small get returned to the sea. All of

the fishermen live in small towns around the

coast of New Brunswick where lobsters are at

the heart of the local economy.

Getting to the UKLike many crustaceans (including the prawns

and shrimps used for sushi), lobster freezes

incredibly well and the New Brunswick

lobsters are cooked and frozen locally before

being shipped to the UK, providing a lowimpact treat for Lidl customers.

Long-term commitmentAlexandra Scholes, Fish and Seafood Buyer

for Lidl said, “We first introduced Marine

Stewardship Council (MSC) products into our

stores in 2006 and have continually expanded

this range ever since. We are proud to be the

first British supermarket to sell MSC assured

whole lobster, and in addition to this 100percent of our fresh ongoing (wild caught) fish

is MSC certified and labelled and this range is

available in stores all year round.”

Toby Middleton, Programme Director

North East Atlantic for the MSC said, “Lidl

have worked closely with the MSC over the

past year to build up their range of MSC

certified fish and shellfish. That hard work is

really paying off with 41 of their wild seafood

products now MSC labelled, a 24 percent

increase on 2014. It’s a real commitment

to demonstrably sustainable sourcing that isproviding a benefit to their customers. This

lobster is a perfect example, a great value,

sustainable product from the cold, pristine

waters of Canada. A perfect Christmas

treat.”

For some young scientists, Alltech has an early Christmas gift. The opportunity to register for the 2016 Alltech Young Scientist programme,

the world’s largest university-level competition in agriscience, has been extended until December 31.

Earlier this year it was announced that 2016’s programme would become the first edition to offer fully funded PhD and post-doctorate

positions to the global undergraduate and graduate winners who also receive international recognition, trophies and cash awards.

Students must be nominated by a professor in order to par ticipate and may submit scientific papers on topics such as animal health and nutrition,

crop science, agriculture analytical methods, food chain safety and traceability, human health and nutrition and other agriscience related sectors.

Paper submission must be completed online by December 31, 2015.

Each student’s paper will first compete within their home region of Nor th America, Latin America, Asia Pacific, Europe or Africa. Finalists from

all four regions will be invited to attend an all-expense-paid Alltech Young Scientist Discovery Week in Lexington, Kentucky, USA, where they will

compete in the global competition. Each finalist will present his or her paper to a panel of international judges and a live audience during ONE:

The Alltech Ideas Conference, May 22-25, 2016.“The Alltech Young Scientist programme has uncovered some of the best and brightest emerging research talent in agriscience and Alltech wants

these leaders to join our team,” said Dr Pearse Lyons, president and founder of Alltech.

The Alltech Young Scientist programme, now in its 11th year, received more than 8800 student registrations for the 2015 term. For a look at

last year’s eight finalists, view this clip.

The eight nalists of the 2015 Alltech Young Scientist programme were honoured

by Alltech at the company’s international conference attended by nearly 3000people from 63 countries. On the left is Dr Aoife Lyons, the director of educational

initiatives at Alltech, and on the far right is Dr Inge Russell, scientic advisor tothe Alltech Young Scientist programme. Registration for the 2016 Alltech Young

Scientist programme is open until December 31

2016 Alltech Young Scientist programme registration extended

4 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | November-December 2015

EWS


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Lesaffre signs agreement to acquire majority share in Guangxi Sungain Yeast and

Guangxi Sungain Biological Technology

Pursuing its expansion strategy on the

Chinese market, Lesaffre, a key global

company in the field of yeast and fer-

mentation, has signed an agreement with the

Chinese group Guangxi Sungain Sugar.

As François Hollande, the President of the

French Republic, was in China, Antoine Baule,

Lesaffre’s Chief Executive Officer, signed an

agreement to acquire a majority shareholding

in Guangxi Sungain Yeast Co Ltd and Guangxi

Sungain Biological Co Ltd.

Having started production in December

2009 and September 2014 respectively, these

yeast and yeast extract companies are based

at Chongzuo, Guangxi region, 150 km from

Nanning, the most important region for the

production of sugar cane in China. As sub-

sidiaries of the Sungain group, one of the 8

most important sugar producers in Guangxi,China, they employ 275 people and have high

standard industrial units.

Lesaffre has been present on the Chinese

market since the 80s with its premium Saf-

Instant brand. In 1999, the group acquired

a yeast plant at Ming Guang, near Nankin,

300 km from Shanghai . In 2010, two

new plants - one for yeast and one for

yeast extracts - were commissioned at

Laibin, Guangxi, in partnership with the

sugar producer Donta. Lesaffre also uses

four Baking Centre™ in Shanghai, Hong-

Kong, Beijing and Canton to offer tech-

nical support to its customers for mantou

(Chinese steamed bun) and bread making.

It employs 950 people in China.

With this operation, Lesaffre will strengthen

its presence and its offering to Chinese cus-

tomers, not only in baking but also in the field

of food taste and pleasure, in animal nutri-

tion and health, and in nutriments for biotech-

nologies.Antoine Baule, Lesaffre’s Chief Executive

Officer: “China is a promising market in the

fields in which we operate. Lesaffre welcomes

this new operation, which will enable us to

strengthen our position in this country, where

we have been present for many years and

where we want to work long term. We have

decided to invest in a significant way in the

development of Sungain, as much in sales as in

operations planning, in answer to the increasing

market demand, especially for yeast for mantou,

animal nutrition and biotechnologies. With our

investments in China, we are establishing our

will to be close to our customers, to offer

them our products and services and fulfill their

specific requirements.”

Lao Jian Ming, Chairman of Guangxi Sungain

Sugar: “We are very pleased to join forces

with Lesaffre, a family company internation-

ally known and recognised for its industrial

expertise and the quality of its services and

products. We share with this French companya common vision of development and

respecting the environment and the health of

the end consumer.”

Retailer Yata promotesASC certified seafood inHong Kong

To mark its commitment to responsible

seafood sourcing, retailer Yata in col-

laboration with KLG Fine Food ran a

promotional campaign in Hong Kong from 6

October to 2 November 2015.

The campaign promoted the ASC labelledproducts Fish Monk frozen pangasius fillets

and Fish Monk frozen vannamei shrimp in

the Yata Tuen Mun Store and Yata Kwun Tong

Store in Hong Kong.

“We are happy to be able to provide respon-

sibly farmed seafood in our stores. At Yata we

want to inform our customers that they can

make responsible choices when they shop.

The ASC logo makes choosing responsibly

farmed fish easy. Consumers can be sure of

the source of their seafood,” said Paul Leung,

Deputy Department Manager, merchandising

of Yata Ltd.

KLG Fine Food earned ASC certification in

August 2014. The company has supplied ASCcertified seafood to Yata since June 2015.

“We have committed to the ASC pro-

gramme because sourcing and providing

sustainable food is one of our core values.

Consumers are increasingly concerned about

overfishing and environmental and social

impacts of aquaculture. They want healthy and

responsibly farmed fish in their grocery shops,”

said Leung Ka Shing, KLG Sales Director.

“ASC Chain of Custody is a tool for seafood

supply chain companies that want to become

more transparent. It is important to have such

a great support from retailers, which Yata is

demonstrating through its campaign. I am

sure the collaboration between KLG and Yatawill help raise awareness about the impor-

tance and benefits of choosing responsibly

farmed seafood in Hong Kong,” said Esther

Luiten, ASC Senior Commercial Marketing

Manager.

West Australia commits to

aquaculture certification

The Aquaculture Stewardship Council

(ASC) has been chosen by the WestAustralian Government as the standard

of choice for the performance of aquacul-

ture producers in the State, to be assessed as

responsible against both environmental and

social requirements.

Fisheries Minister Ken Baston said the

Seafood Directions 2015 conference, being

held in Perth this week, would clearly dem-

onstrate growing consumer expectations that

the fish they eat has been sourced from sus-

tainably managed fisheries or fish farms.

“Sustainability in our seafood sector is a key

priority for us,” Minister Baston said.

“The ASC applies a third-party certification

system, meaning that certification of fish farms

and fish product suppliers will be done byindependent certifiers.

“For our wild-capture fisheries, WA has

embraced independent sustainability certifica-

tion through the Marine Stewardship Council

and has been supporting our commercial

fisheries to undertake the necessary assess-

ments.

“We have also been moving to expand

aquaculture opportunities in the State and

the ASC has a metrics based and transparent

assessment program.

“Third party seafood certification plays a

vital role in global seafood trade, it’s impor-

tant that we get this right.”

Chris Ninnes, ASC’s chief executive officer,

said the Western Australian Government hadshown great leadership in its commitment to

a sustainable seafood industry.

He said he was delighted the ASC certifica-

tion program was chosen as independent ver-

ification of the responsible management of the

State’s aquaculture.

In August, the WA Government announced

its Statement of Commitment to Aquaculture,

recognising it as a legitimate user of the State’s

land and aquatic resources.


NEWS


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GSSI: Global Benchmark Tool

successfully launched

GSSI Partners say thank you to

all participants making the Global

Benchmark Tool launch on 8

October in Vigo a success.http://bit.ly/1HbweLX

Yara acquires Pilbara ammonia

and nitrate assets from Apache

Corporation

Yara International has acquired 100

percent of the shares in Apache

Fertilisers Pty Ltd, which holds

Apache's 49 percent ownership

position in Yara Pilbara Holdings Pty

Ltd (YPHL), for USD 391 million.

http://bit.ly/1kpB7vV

Gilmore Fish smokehouse

recalling all canned sturgeon and

salmon products due to possible

health risk

Gilmore Fish of Dallesport,

Washington, USA is voluntarily

recalling ALL canned (Gourmet

smoked Columbia sturgeon, fresh

packed Pacific salmon, gourmet

smoked Chinook salmon), Gilmore

Fish brand, with any codes starting

with "OC" because it has thepotential to be contaminated with

Clostridium botulinum, a bacterium

that can cause life-threaten ing

illness or death.

http://bit.ly/1MZlmZz

Breizh Algae Tour 2015 Report

You can view a range of videos

of the conference and individual

presentations on the website

http://bit.ly/20P3rc9

A regular look inside

the aquaculture

industry

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www.theaquaculturists.blogspot.com

T

he Dr Eckel health product line uses

highly effective and unique plant com-

pounds. The raw materials undergo

an extremely careful selection process

because the quality of value-adding ingre-

dients is crucial to the later effectiveness

of the products. The differences in quality

between phytogenic products available on

the market are immense. The decisive factor

in the selection of raw materials is the cer-

tainty that the greatest care has been taken

during harvesting or pre-processing.

Excellent quality as a prerequisitefor the desired effect

Flavonoids that come from inferior qualitysources do not always live up to their

promises. After being stored for several

months or after being processed in a feed

mill, their effectiveness can often no longer

be guaranteed to be stable. The user is dis-

appointed because the plant-based active

substances do not achieve the desired effect.

The claim and promise to users make

it necessary not only to record the initial

contents of value-adding plant substances,

but also to carry out more detailed investi-

gations into their durability under differentinfluences during storage .

Flavonoids are stable in phytogenicproducts by Dr Eckel

As part of a comprehensive long-term study,

Dr Eckel has provided impressive evidence of

the storage stabil ity of the secondary plant com-

pounds used based on the example of flavonoids

in hops and green tea. These specifically selected

raw materials, along with other components,

are also key components in the Anta®Phyt and

Anta®Ox products. To guarantee reliable effec-

tiveness and product quali ty, extensive studieswere carried out to investigate and rule out

possible negative factors that affect their sta-

bility.

Research focused on the effects of storage

time, light and packaging type on the stability of

flavonoids in hops and green tea extract. To do

this, relevant product samples were stored in dif-

ferent ways. The samples were stored in differ-

ently sealed bags under varied lighting condi-

tions. The respective samples were analysed at

intervals of three months for a total period of

13 months.During storage of hop-based products an

increase in the value-adding flavonoid content

was detected. This increase in the flavonoid level

compared with the initial reading is due to the

fact that some of the flavonoids are present in

bound form. Only after a certain period of storage

they are released and can now be measured. The

results are much higher than the values guaran-

teed in the product specification and therefore

ensure an extremely high level of effectiveness

(figure 1).

The flavonoids in the selected green tea extract

used by Dr Eckel (figure 2) demonstrated only

a slight decrease during the observation period

of 13 months. In all trials and during the whole

storage period, active ingredients were deter-mined that are above the values guaranteed by

Dr Eckel GmbH.

As the quality and effectiveness of raw plant

materials can vary enormously according to

variety, origin, post-harvest treatment and pro-

cessing, components from other suppliers require

separate investigation.

In summary, the product quality of the raw mate-

rials used in the Dr Eckel health product line is out-

standing even after a 13-month storage period with

exposure to light and in different types of packaging.

The studies that produced the results presentedhere were funded by the German Federal Agency

for Agriculture and Food (BLE) as part of a pro-

gramme to promote innovation.

Figure 2: Flavonoid content in green tea extract

according to storage location and time

Figure 1: Flavonoid content in hops according to

storage location and time

Certainty at last:Storage stability of flavonoids confirmed by long-term study


EWS


9/68

Last week the world celebrated International Week of Science and Peace

(IWSP) – it is when we acknowledge activities related to the study and

dissemination of information on the links between progress in science

and technology and maintenance of peace and security; and promote inter-

national co-operation among scientists.

Aquaculture without Frontiers (AwF) is therefore very excited to

introduce Belinda Miranda-Garrido, the Management Coordinator of Roxas

City Coastal Resource Management office in the Philippines, who has been

awarded the Aquaculture without Frontiers Woman of the Month for

November 2015!

Ms Garrido has spent almost 30 years in public service at the local level

which has impacted provincial and regional levels on aquaculture and fisher-

ies management including social and economic empowerment of men andwomen involved. In addition, her projects with the local communities on eco-

tourism have been given, not only local recognition, but also recently national

recognition by the Association of Tourism Officers in the Philippines. The

project she spearheaded, the Cadimahan River Tour, was awarded Grand

Winner for Best Practice in Community-Based Responsible Tourism Award-

Tourism Enterprise 2015. This is a project of the Roxas City Government

for Lawis Baybay Small Fisherfolk Association in partnership with schools,

NGAs, NGOs and private sector. This initiative helped feed the fisher folk

families and helped rehabilitate Cadimahan River advancing food security for

disadvantaged people.

Their Diwal (also known as Angel Wings) Rehabilitation Project won First

Place in the Best Public Sector Project RDC-NEDA 6 in 2005. Two decadesago, Roxas City in Capiz almost lost its prized shellfish diwal due to overhar-

vesting. Overharvesting resulted in the rapid decline of volume in 1987 and

the bivalve had since remained scarce for almost a decade. Garrido and the

city government implemented a rehabilitation and regulation program to save

the diwal from extinction. Only the thorough comprehensive rehabilitation

program in 1997 saved the bivalve from near extinction. Now diwal is one

of the tourist-drawers of the city and the much sought-after delicacy is partly

responsible for its recognition as the country’s ‘seafood capital.’

Belinda is now conducting river profiling towards the development of a

sewerage treatment facility to ensure safe seafoods which are being cultured

in rivers like oysters and mussels. She also works with communities on man-

grove reforestation of river banks, clearing and clean-up. Her other projects

for communities transferring knowledge and technology increasing capabilityand capacity are vermiculture and vermicomposting and organic medicinal /

herbal growing and utilisation.

With her leadership and compassionate but firm approach, she has

become a model to the women and men in the communities. With her

determination and willpower, faith in God, and ability to work within a

team of multidisciplinary backgrounds, she has given motivation to them

that they can change for the better and improve their wellbeing through

helping themselves. Ms Garrido facilitated a way to make local government

support practical and participatory to involve partnerships with communities

who need help alleviating poverty and malnutrition. She is an inspiration and

positive role model to both men and women throughout aquaculture and

fisheries communities. AwF is delighted to honour her, especially during the time of IWSP.

If you would like to nominate a woman to be the next Woman of the

Month, please check the Criteria and complete the Nomination Form at

http://www.aquaculturewithoutfrontiers.org/

Recognition for specialFilipina during IWSP

Roy Palmer, director, Aquaculturewithout Frontiers

WWW.VIV.NET

VIVMEA2016

FEBRUARY 15-17,

ABU DHABI, U.A.E.

INTERNATIONAL PLATFORM

FROM FEED TO FOOD

FOR THE MIDDLE EAST

AND AFRICA


NEWS



10/68

Coles have created a wave

of change becoming the

first major supermarket

in Australia to offer its customers

certified sustainable and traceable

seafood in their delis. Australian

seafood lovers can now buy

Aquaculture Stewardship Council

(ASC), and Marine Stewardship

Council (MSC) eco-labelled

seafood in the deli at their local

Coles supermarket.

Across the country Coles’ fresh

salmon will be ASC certified as

responsibly farmed and their

Queensland wild-caught prawns

will be MSC certified as sustain-

ably caught.MSC Asia Pacific Director

Patrick Caleo is extremely

pleased with Coles’ leadership

and pioneering move into sus-

tainable seafood.

“Coles is the first major super-

market in Australia to offer, certi-

fied sustainable seafood at their

deli counters. Not only are Coles’

providing Australians with certi-

fied sustainable seafood options,

th ey ’ve done an enor mo us

amount of work through the

supply chain to ensure their

seafood is traceable from ocean

all the way to the deli counter.

As Aussies love our seafood and

want to safeguard our oceans for

generations to come, choosing

certified sustainable seafood from

Coles is an easy and delicious way

to contribute to the health of the

ocean.”

Chris Ninnes, ASC’s CEO,

said:

“As one of Australia’s largest

retailers, Coles is leading the waywith responsibly farmed seafood

sourcing in Australia. By offering

ASC certified and labeled salmon

in their delis, Coles’ customers

don’t have to worry about where

their fish comes from and can

enjoy their salmon knowing that it

is sourced from a farm that treats

the environment with care and

respect. All they need to do is

look for the ASC logo.”

Coles now offers customers

sustainably caught or responsibly

farmed Coles Brand seafood.

This month Coles launches its

seafood campaign highlighting its

range of Coles Brand responsibly

sourced seafood to help its cus-

tomers make better choices to

protect the oceans, environment

and local communities.

Char lotte Rhodes, Coles

General Manager Deli and

Seafood said Coles’ responsible

sourcing program is providing

greater transparency, traceability

and labeling making it easier forcustomers to choose sustainable

seafood.

“With more customers looking

for responsibly sourced seafood

and keen to know where their

food comes from, Coles is proud

to ensu re our Co le s Br and

seafood is responsibly sourced

and introduce MSC and ASC cer-

tified products in our Delis.”

“Coles’ sourcing program

means seafood lovers can now be

confident when buying from our

Coles Brand seafood range that it

is responsibly sourced which gives

them the choice to help make

a difference for the environment

and contribute towards a more

sustainable future.”

Protecting our future through

credible and independent

seafood certification

“Seafood is the most consumed

animal protein in the world, and

the most tr aded food com-modity, with one in 10 people in

the world depending on fishing

for their livelihood, by choosing

certified sustainable and respon-

sible seafood you’re helping to

create a positive impact in our

oceans,” said Mr Caleo.

About a billion people rely on

seafood as a fundamental part of

their diet. With more than half of

the fish consumed globally coming

from fish farming it’s important torecognise and reward farms that

operate responsibly with minimal

impact on the environment

through the work of programs

like the ASC.

ASC and MSC certification

rewards seafood producers who

operate sustainable fisheries or

responsibly managed farms. The

programs provide credible, inde-

pendent third-party validation for

practices which reduce impacts

on the marine environment,

protect local surroundings and

wildlife, and support local com-

munities. MSC and ASC stand-

ards were developed in line with

ISEAL’s Codes of Good Practice,

meeting the requirements for

inclusive and transparent standard

setting. The MSC also offers the

only wild capture seafood certi-

fication and ecolabelling programconsistent with the UN FAO

Code of Conduct for Responsible

Fishing and Guidelines for the

Ecolabelling of Fish and Fishery

Products from Marine Capture

Fisheries.

Coles ASC certified salmon

comes from Tassal, which earned

ASC certification across all of its

sites in November 2014. Tassal was

the first salmon farm in Australia

to achieve this certification.

Traceability assuranceAll ASC and MSC labelled

seafood can be traced back

through the supply chain to a

responsibly managed fish farm

or certified sustainable fishery. In

order to achieve chain of custody

certification each company in the

supply chain must meet strict

requirements, be completely

transparent and have in place

traceabili ty systems that ensureno product mixing or substitu-

tions can occur.

MSC certified fisheries and

ASC cert i f ied farms must

complete annual surveillance

audits to ensure that they

continue to operate at the high

standards required to remain

certified. MSC certified fisheries

are reassessed every 5 years

and ASC certified farms every

3 years.More than 570 improvements

to fishing practices and environ-

mental management have been

identified with fisheries in the

MSC program.

Die and roll re-working machines

O&J Højtryk A/S

Ørnevej 1, DK-6705

Esbjerg Ø

CVR.: 73 66 86 11

Phone: +45 75 14 22 55

Fax: +45 82 28 91 41

mail: [email protected]

www.oj-hojtryk.dk

Australian supermarket Coles makes wave

of change in sustainable seafood


EWS


11/68

Canadian yellowtail flounder re-certificationproof that fishery rebuilding works

Demonstrating a con-

ti nuou s commitment

to sustainable fis hing

practices, the Ocean Choice

International (OCI) Grand Bank

Yellowtail Flounder Fishery has

been re-certified to the Marine

Stewardship Council (MSC)Fishery Standard as being sustain-

able and well managed.

Over its first five-year period of

certification, to continue to meet

the MSC’s robust Standard, the

fishery worked to meet nine con-

ditions for improvement, including

reducing bycatch and minimising

damage to marine habitats. Their

success in achieving these condi-

tions demonstrates that MSC cer-

tification helps to provide an effec-

tive path to continued positivechange on our oceans.

“We take great pride in

ensuring all our fisheries operate

in a responsible and sustainable

manner and we are pleased with

the re-cer tification of yellowtai l

flounder,” said Blaine Sullivan, Chief

Operating Officer of OCI.

“As a global leader in respon-

sible management and sustainable

fisheries we continue our effortsand commitment as stewards of

our oceans and marine environ-

ment.”

Harvested on Newfoundland’s

historic Grand Banks, the yellow-

tail flounder fishery was previously

a mixed fishery combining yellow-

tail flounder, American plaice and

cod. The fishery has been solidly

re-building since a low resource

period in the 1990s and achieved

MSC certification as a sustainable

fishery in 2010.Since then the fishery has main-

tained the yellowta il flounder

stock well above sustainable bio-

logical levels, and also imple-

mented new measures to further

reduce impacts on American

plaice and cod, which remain

under moratorium. Bycatch of

these two species has consistently

remained well below allowable

levels, which enables these stocks

to continue on a positive path to

regrowth.

The yellowtail flounder fishery

has also implemented technological

improvements to its otter trawling

gear adding new ‘flying doors’ and

using elevated sweeps designed

to minimise bottom contact. The

estimates of the seafloor area

contacted by the new gear have

dropped by over one-half from

previous years – a clear benefit to

benthic habitats and organisms. The

fishery also continues to observe

a six-week closure from mid-June

to early August to respect peakspawning season and maintain

product quality.

“We are extremely pleased that

OCI has renewed its commitment

to the MSC program for another

five years,” said Jay Lugar, Program

Director for MSC in Canada.

“The improvements made in the

yellowtail flounder fishery are exem-

plary and are an expression of OCI’s

commitment to a sustainable future

for the entire Grand Banks eco-

system. We applaud their efforts

and look forward to their continued

engagement in the program for

many more years to come.”

The yellowtail flounder fishery

operates on the Grand Banks

off the coast of Newfoundland,

in Northwest Atlantic Fisheries

Organisation (NAFO) Divisions

3L, 3N and 3O. Total allowable

catch is currently 17,000 tonnes,

97.5 percent of which is held by

Canada with OCI owing 91.07

percent of the Canadian quotas.

This species is sold globally and isrecognised as a versatile consumer

favourite in both retail and food-

service markets.


NEWS

Planet Ocean

provide Deep

Trekker ROV for

the Norwegian

High Arctic

In March 2015, Dr Alex Nimmo

Smith and Mr Peter Ganderton

from the Plymouth University

Marine Physics Research Group

included a Deep Trekker DTG2

‘Worker’ supplied by Planet

Ocean Ltd in the equipment that

they took on a research trip to

the Arctic.

The Deep Trekker was success-

fully operated through ice holes

in water of -2C, performing tasks

including the inspection of other

instruments and providing a visual

survey of the underside of the

ice.

A combination of slight positive

buoyancy and the mounting of

the optional crawler wheels on

the top of the unit enabled stable

driving along the underside of the

ice in the frozen fjord.

The small self-contained, self-

powered system was ideal for

the intended oper ations. Since

the team were operating close

to the -5C minimum, the DTG-2

was kept ‘warm’ in the water

between deployments, as the

air temperature dropped to

-26C.

A grabber arm was also taken

for recovery operations but for-

tunately not required.

See the video at

https://youtu.be/4NEEq3xv_WM


12/68

17 students from 13 coun-

tries were recently awarded

the coveted dip loma of

the prestigious Swiss Institute of

Feed Technology (SFT) in Uzwil,

Switzerland. The 33rd specialist

course in feed manufacturing

technology was held in English.

This year’s best in class came

from Brazil. SFT Director Ernst

Nef is now handing over respon-

sibilities for the SFT to Daniel

Müller and retiring early.

From a total of 20 male and

one female participants who had

started the 33rd Diploma course

of the SFT in spring 2015, 17 suc-

cessfully completed their training

as Feed Production Engineers.

The road to success was not easy.It led the students “up a steep and

arduous path”, as the institute’s

director Ernst Nef said at the

Diploma awarding ceremony.

Mr Nef was very happy to see

the ninth woman in the SFT’s

history successfully completing

the cour se – the Norwegian

Aina-Elin Karlsen (Ewos AS): “This

proves that animal feed produc-

tion is no longer purely a men’s

domain.”

Reaching the summitFollowing intensive ten-month

train ing , the graduates of thi s

year’s course received the

Diploma awarding them as Feed

Production Engineer or a con-

firmation of course attendance

from the SFT’s director Ernst Nef

in the Hotel Uzwil.

In his speech, which as usual was

full of humor, Mr Nef stressed the

significance of lifelong continuingeducation and praised the gradu-

ates for their decision to go back

to school once more: “With this

decision, you took up a big chal-

lenge, which you have now suc-

cessfully mastered. Today you

have reached the summit. With

the acquired knowledge and your

great dedication, you are now

equipped with the tools you need

to meet the high requirements

for a safe and economical pro-duction of formulated feeds.”

He said that on the one hand

the goa l is to sat isfy consum-

er’s needs for hygienic feeds that

are safe for humans and animals

alike. On the other hand, he con-

tinued, feed manufacturers were

increasingly being forced by regu-

lations and legislation to produce

and market animal feeds more

efficiently and, especially, more

responsibly.

A Brazilian as best inclass

Ernst Nef personally handed

over the Diploma or the con-

firmation of attendance to each

student, adding some amusing

personal anecdotes from the

class to his congratulations. In

line with a long-standing Diploma

ceremony tradition, the SFT

always distinguishes the student

who has achieved the best finalscore. This year’s distinction

went to the Brazilian Leonardo

Miyata, employee at Bühler AG in

Joinville , Brazil. Peter Hofer, Vice

President of the SFT Board, con-

gratulated the best in class for his

outstanding average grade of 5.53

out of 6, by handing over the tra-

ditional commemorative plate.

Leonardo Miyata outperformed

the Canadian John Smillie by one

percent and Aina-Elin Karlsen byfour percent, who ranked second

and third, respectively.

Ernst Nef honouredSFT Director Ernst Nef will retire

at the end of 2015. He is handing

over the SFT responsibilities to

Daniel Müller. Marcel Scherrer, the

new President of the SFT Board, and

his deputy Peter Hofer took advan-

tage of the 33rd diploma ceremony

to acknowledge Ernst Nef’s accom-

plishments and to thank him for hisimmense dedication and efforts.

As a farewell gift, they handed the

visibly stirred fresh retiree a large

engraved original cowbell from

Appenzell. Mr Nef successfully com-

pleted the SFT Diploma course in

1992. Only two years later, he took

charge as Director of the Swiss

Institute of Feed Technology, holding

a total of 20 Diploma courses to

date together with his lecturer col-

leagues.

New conceptThe 2015 ‘Feed Production

Engineer’ Diploma course was

based for the third time on the

new concept. The course starts in

spring with a 15-week prepara-

tory correspondence course. This

is followed by a four-week inten-

sive course in Uzwil. In autumn,

the second block is then held with

a preparatory correspondence

course of the same length and thefinal intensive training in Uzwil.

In the two preparatory courses,

students had to work through

21 subject areas. During the two

intensive courses, they must pass

a total of 14 written examinations.

The highlight and finale of each

block are the two oral examina-

tions in the core subjects in front

of a panel of experts. The new

concept reduces the students’

absence from their jobs.The 34th Specialist Course in

Feed Manufacturing Technology

will start in January 2016 and will

be held in German.

Focus on practiceThe SFT is a non-profit asso-

ciation that is recognized by

the Association of Swiss Feed

Manufacturers (VSF) as an insti-

tution of training and continuing

education. The SFT imparts prac-

tice-oriented specia lis t knowl-edge of feed production pro-

cesses to professionals from

the feed manufacturing industry

and related industries. A suc-

cessful completion of the spe-

cialist course provides the basis

for graduates to understand

state-of-the-art process technol-

ogies and to apply this exper-

tise to practice . The interna-

tional Technology Group Bühler

AG is the partner of the SFT. Todate, over 520 men and women

from 69 countries have success-

fully completed the Specialist

Course in Feed Manufacturing

Technology.

Swiss institute of feed technology awards diplomas to 17 feed technologists

The 21 students of the 33rd Specialist Course in FeedManufacturing Technology with their instructors and the Boardof the Swiss Institute of Feed Technology (SFT).

Ernst Nef, School Director of the SFT (rear, left); Marcel

Scherrer, President of the SFT Board and Head of the BühlerBusiness Unit Feed (right); SFT Board members Urs Wuest (rear,right) and Peter Hofer (left); and the new SFT Director DanielMüller (rear, centre) congratulate the best in class of the 33rdspecialist course, Leonardo Miyata from Brazil (centre).


EWS


13/68November-December 2015 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | 11

FEATURE

[email protected]/animal-nutrition

AMINOSalmonid®-Be a step ahead in feed formulation

for Atlantic salmon and rainbow trout!

Now available!


14/68

India earned US$ 2.67 billion through

the export of marine products in

2010-11. About 60 percent of it came

from shrimp production. The annual

estimated average landing of shrimps from

the fishery in India during 2008-10 was

0.4 million tonnes of which 60 percent

were contributed by penaeid shrimps. An

additional 0.15 million tonnes was produced

from aquaculture.

For decades, brackishwater aquaculture

has been dominated by a single species, the

black tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon in India,

contributing to the bulk of the coastal aqua-

culture production in the country. However,

severe economic losses due to diseases low-

ering the shrimp production have necessitated

the search for alternative species such as

Litopenaeus vannamei, Fenneropenaeus indicus,

F. merguiensis, Marsupenaeus japonicus etc.

Under these circumstances, the introduction

of specific pathogen free (SPF) Litopenaeusvannamei was allowed by the Government

of India during 2010-11 to revitalise the

brackishwater shrimp farming in the country.

Nevertheless, due to vannamei, a lot of

changes are taking place in the Indian shrimp

industry; more intensification, more shrimp

produced in different pockets in peak season,

price crashes and a shortage of infrastructure

facilities are currently being experienced.

Among the major maritime states of India,

Gujarat is the western most state of India,

with the longest coastline of 1600 kilometres.

There are vast stretches of marshy and saline

areas all along the coast. The state has 0.38

million hectares of coastal fallow lands, where

about 89,341 hectares of land is found suita-ble for brackishwater aquaculture. Most of this

land is under government control. Till now

only 5,179 hectares of land is allotted by the

government for brackishwater shrimp farming.

As of March-2011, 522 shrimp farms had

been registered under Coastal Aquaculture

Authority, including 10 farms with water

spread area of 175 hectares for L. vannamei

farming. In 2010-11, farmed shrimp produc-

tion of the state was 4,531 tons, mainly com-

prising P. monodon. Most of the brackishwater

aquaculture farms are developed in the SouthGujarat region, mainly in Valsad, Navsari, Surat

and Bharuch districts.

On the other side, although 28 per-

cent (19,757 hectares) of total suitable land

for brackishwater aquaculture is available in

the coastal Saurashtra and Kutch region of

Gujarat, not much development has yet taken

place in this area in terms of brackishwater

shrimp farming. This is mainly due to absence

of perennial rivers and comparatively low rain-

fall in the region, causing high salinities mainly

during summer months.

The coastline of Saurashtra and Kutch has

broad continental shelf and hence supports

healthy biodiversity compared to the other

regions of the state. Many important shrimpspecies such as Fenneropenaeus merguiensis,

Metapenaeus affinis, P. monodon, M. brevicornis,

M. kutchensis, M. monoceros, P. japonicus, P.

semisulcatus are found in these coastal waters.

Metapenaeus kuchensis, the ginger shrimp,

is a commercially important penaeid shrimp

endemic to the Gulf of Kutch region of

Gujarat and is popular for its contribution

to the Surajbari fishery from the Kutch area

during the monsoon season (July-August). The

juveniles of the species are called ‘Surajbari’

shrimps, as they are procured in good quantities from Surajbari in the Kutch. They are

locally known as soniya, kutchi jinga or medi-

um jinga. Apart from Kutch, the juveniles are

also found in various creeks of Saurashtra

in places such as Okha, Porbandar, Veraval,

The Ginger Shrimp Metapenaeus kutchensis: a promising species for shrimp aquaculture in coastal Gujarat State, Indiaby S. I. Yusufzai, S. R. Lende and P. J. Mahida, Department of AquacultureCollege of Fisheries Science, Junagadh Agricultural University, Gujarat, India


EATURE


15/68

Mahuva, Jafrabad etc. The adult shrimps, espe-

cially the females, are pinkish and exported

as ‘red’ or ‘pink’ medium, which command a

price comparable to Penaeus spp. in local and

overseas markets.

During and immediately after the mon-

soon, a considerable fall in salinity occurs in

general and near-fresh water conditions in

certain creeks of coastal Saurashtra. These

creeks are immensely loaded with post larvae

of the ginger shrimp during monsoon when

they enter upstream at the opening of the

barmouth, and get trapped due to poor

drainage of the creeks during the lean season.

They are then easily caught by the fisher-

men through fixed stake nets, bag nets or

drag-nets. This species can tolerate extreme

fluctuations in salinity levels (0 to 55 ppt on

chronic exposure) and can survive in very high

densities in comparatively turbid and low oxy-

gen conditions. The temperature levels and

the nutrient load in the isolated creek habitats

indicate the high potential and amenability of

this species for aquaculture.

The maximum size (total length) report-

ed for male is 148 millimetres (mm) and

female is 164 mm. The size groups found in

the fishery from the sea coast is predomi-

nantly 80-200 mm TL and the size groups

found in Surajbari and other creeks is45-110 mm TL. Adult shrimp of 150 mm TL

and 200 mm TL weigh about 23 g and 60 g,

respectively. Its feeding habit is omnivorous,

preferring polychaetes, Acetes spp., benthic

crustaceans, and algae and detritus. The

breeding season is November – December

and February – March and the fecundity and

biology is similar to that of other penaeid

shrimps. A female attaining 180-195 mm

length (about a year old) produces about

0.38-0.57 million eggs from May to August.

For M. kutchensis of 37.27 mm length, the

mean growth rate of 0.33 mm and 0.037

gm/day has been reported. The chemical

and biological parameters of water quality at

Kutch have been found to be optimum for

shrimp culture and hence the post-larvae

of ginger shrimp grow to juveniles within a

couple of month’s time.

Since this species thrives well in natural

water bodies under extreme environmental

conditions and is as valuable as other penaeid

shrimps, its prospects for aquaculture are very

high. The preliminary studies with regard to

its stocking density and feed protein require-

ments under captive conditions at College

of Fisheries Science, JAU, Veraval indicates

that M. kutchensis has a potential to become

a candidate species for shrimp aquaculture

in the coastal Saurashtra and Kutch region.

Further research in this regard is necessary to ascertain its suitability in monoculture or

mixed culture with other shrimp species such

as F. merguiensis, P. monodon and F. indicus, and

fishes such as tilapia and gray mullets. Efforts

are also needed to confirm the possibility of

M. kutchensis farming during winter months,

where most of the farmers usually abandon

the shrimp farming due to low temperatures

in the region.

Taxonomic HierarchyKingdom Animalia

Phylum Arthropoda

Subphylum Crustacea

Class Malacostraca

Subclass Eumalacostraca

Superorder Eucarida

Order Decapoda

Suborder Dendrobranchiata

Superfamily Penaeoidea

Family Penaeidae

Genus Metapenaeus

Species kutchensis

Common Names

Ginger Shrimp (English)

Kutch Prawn (English)

Kutchi Jinga (Gujarati)

Medium Jinga (Gujarati)

Soniya (Gujarati)


FEATURE


16/68

T

he aquaculture industry has

developed significantly over recent

decades and is, today, one of the

fastest-growing food productionsectors in the world. One of the most

important problems that affect aquaculture

is the appearance of infectious diseases.

Among bacterial diseases affecting cultured

salmonid fish, Bacterial Cold-Water Disease,

caused by Flavobacterium psychrophilum,

produces high mortality and morbidity and

consequently, economical losses worldwide.

Attempts to control

this situation through

the use of antimicrobials

have been limited due to the rapid appearance of

antibiotic-resistant bacteria.

Moreover, the determi-

nants of antibiotic resist-

ance that have emerged

and selected in this aquatic

environment have the

potential of being trans-

mitted by horizontal gene

transfer to bacteria of the

terrestr ial envi ronment,

including human and animalpathogens.

Evidence indicating that

antibiotic-resistant bacteria

and antibiotic resistance

determinants pass from the

aquatic to the terrestrial environment has

resulted in a drastic restriction of the use of

antibiotics in aquaculture in many countries. For

this reason, it is important to find new productswith antimicrobial activity without the afore-

mentioned undesirable effects of antibiotics.

In this sense, natural food additives or phy-

tobiotics, which combined different mecha-

nisms of action against pathogenic bacterial

species (bactericidal/ bacteriostatic activities,

Quorum Sensing inhibition), are potential

candidates for the development of prevention

strategies in aquaculture. This work describes

the effect of the dietary administration to

rainbow trout of the phytobiotic Liptofry

(Liptosa S.A, Spain) in the improvement

of disease resistance against Flavobacteriumpsychrophilum.

In this study 4000 healthy rainbow trout,

distributed in two experimental groups (2000

individuals/each) were maintained in an aqua-

culture facility of the north of Spain, until

its transfer to the aquarium of the Faculty

of Biology of the University of Santiago de

Compostela. Rate of food supply of both

groups was established based on the require-

ments of the fish, taking as

a reference the parameters

of size and weight of the

specimens and the tem-perature of the water.

• Group 1: Fish fed with

feed supplemented with

the phytobiotic Liptofry

manufactured by Lípidos

Toledo SA (Liptosa SA,

Spain).

• Group 2: Fish fed with

no supplemented feed

(control fish).

The usefulness of

feeding the fish with dietsupplemented with phyto-

biotics in the prevention

of Bacterial cold-water dis-

ease (BCWD) in rainbow

trout was determined by

Nutraceutics for the control of

bacterial coldwater diseaseby C. Fernández-Álvarez, Facultad de Biología (CIBUS), Y. Torres-Corral, Facultad de Biología (CIBUS), G. Coscelli, Facultad deCiencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Argentina, A. R. Sánchez-Arévalo, Lípidos Toledo S.A; Madrid, Spain,A. Martínez, Lípidos Toledo S.A; Madrid, Spain, M.I. Quiroga, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela,Spain, Y. Santos, Facultad de Biología (CIBUS)


EATURE


17/68

experimental infection, using a virulent strain

RBT4.1.04 of the species F. psychrophilum.

With this aim, 120 fish of each experimental

group (group 1 and group 2) were anaesthe-

tised by immersion in tricaine methane sul-

fonate (MS-222, Sigma) (60mg/L) and infected

by intra-peritoneal injection of a bacterial sus-

pension containing 109 CFU/mL. Differences

in survival between fish fed with phytobiotics

(Group 1) and control fish (Group 2) after

challenge with Flavobacterium psychrophilum

were analysed by Chi-square test (P


18/68

Manufactured feeds are an essential part of modern

commercial aquaculture, providing the balanced

nutrition needed by farmed species. Much of aquacul-

ture’s recent growth can be attributed to improved

formulations, resulting in superior physical and nutritional feed

properties. As more intensified culture systems are developed,

greater emphasis has been placed on critical optimisation of the

properties of aquaculture feeds, all of which contribute to a more

economically sound feed conversion ratio.

Phytogenic feed additivesIn farmed aquatic species, the benefits of phytogenic feed addi-

tives, or botanicals, have been reported in several scientific studies.

Their plant-derived active ingredients (e.g. phenols and flavonoids)

can exert multiple effects in animals, including improvement of feeding

conversion ratio (FCR), digestibility, growth rate, reduction of nitrogen

and phosphorous excretion, improvement of the gut microbiota and

health status.

The extrusion processDuring extrusion, ground, blended ingredients are processed at

high temperatures, moisture and pressure levels compared to conven-

tional steam pelleting. Normally, the process begins by steam treatingingredients, raising the moisture by 20 percent to 30 percent and

reaching temperatures of 65˚ to 95˚C. The mixture is then conveyed

into a pressurised extrusion barrel (extruder) where it is cooked to

a temperature of 130˚ to 180˚C for anywhere from 10 seconds to

one minute. In these conditions, starch present in the mixture readily

gelatinizes. The cooked mixture is then extruded through a die plate.

When the mixture emerges from the pressurised chamber, some of

the superheated water mixture vaporises, causing a rapid expansion in

the volume of the pellets, which are then cooled and dried.

Extrusion has proven key to producing fish feeds with desired char-

acteristics in terms of floatability, durability, and water stability. While

most fish feeds rely on extrusion, the heat, moisture and pressure that this introduces can render essential oils, which are volatile substances

contained in phytogenic feed additives, less effective.

Encapsulation of phytogenicsOne of the most frequent conventional encapsulation techniques

is microencapsulation. Microencapsulation is a technology that coats

tiny particles of various substances in a sealed capsule. A benefit of

microencapsulation of essential oils is that can considerably limit any

strong odors or flavors, therefore avoiding potential palatability issues

for some sensitive species such as shrimp. Traditional microencapsula-

tion consists of a filled core surrounded by a wax or fat shell that, once

it bursts, discharges its contents.

In contrast to mononuclear, or single core, capsules, matrix encap-

Extrusion, essential oils and

fish feed optimisationAdvanced microencapsulation improvesdelivery of phytogenic feed additives

Figure 1: Conventional coating (Micro-encapsulation) vs. matrix-

encapsulation (Digestarom ® P.E.P. MGE) of essential oils

Figure 2: Improved recovery rates for of Digestarom ® P.E.P. MGE

compared to non-encapsulated essential oils

by Rui Gonçalves and Gonçalo A. Santos, Biomin Holding GmbH, Austria


EATURE


19/68

sulation homogeneously distributes active compounds into a carrier

(Figure 1). As a vehicle for delivering phytogenic compounds, matrix

capsules offer a number of advantages over conventional single core

capsules. First, they are more robust and therefore better able to

protect phytogenic ingredients during feed processing (pelletization or

extrusion) and storage, avoiding ingredient losses. Second, botanical

substances are evenly distributed throughout the matrix, allowing for

continuous release in animals’ digestive tracts. Third, matrix capsules

provide better technological properties: they are dust-free, have excel-

lent flow ability and are easy to dose.

Proven results In one trial the thermal stability of Digestarom® P.E.P. MGE amatrix-encapsulated phytogenic feed additive was tested in controlled

extrusion conditions for a commercial sea bream diet. A batch of

30kg of the diet was then extruded reaching temperatures of 110 ˚C.

A non-encapsulated phytogenic, containing exactly the same essential

oils (EO), was used as a control.

Samples were taken after mixing and extrusion process for both

treatments. Results showed Digestarom® P.E.P. MGE had a superior

thermal stability (+14.6%), when compared with the non-encapsulated

phytogenic (Figure 2).

The second trial evaluated the efficacy of the matrix-encapsulated

phytogenic (Digestarom® P.E.P. MGE) supplemented feed, comparing

control (non-supplemented) feed and feed supplemented with non-

encapsulated essential oils. In the 12-week trial with gilthead sea bream

(Sparus aurata) at the University of Algarve in Portugal, fish were fed

a low fishmeal diet (14%), supplemented with a Digestarom® P.E.P.

MGE or the non-encapsulated essential oils, or without supplementa-

tion (negative control). Dietary supplementation with Digestarom®

P.E.P. MGE showed an FCR improvement of 12.5% when compared

with negative control, while non-encapsulated essential oils showed

an improvement of only 8.5% (Figure 3). Specific growth rates (SGR)

and weight gain (WG) were also improved by Digestarom® P.E.P.

MGE when compared to control or to non-encapsulated phytogenic

(Table 1).

The aquaculture industry’s continued pursuit of more efficient andsustainable production means that phytogenic feed additives will have

a more prominent role in fish diets in the coming years. In light of the

widespread use of extrusion to produce fish feed, matrix encapsula-

tion offers a way to effectively deliver phytogenic compounds and

improve animal performance, as demonstrated by trial results.

Table 1. Growth performance parameters

Treatment SGR

(%/day)

WG (%bw/day)

Control 1.76 3.17

Digestarom® P.E.P. MGE 1.82 3.40

Non-encapsulated

phytogenic

1.80 3.25

Figure 3: Feed conversion ratio during experiment, for different

treatments


FEATURE


20/68

Back in the 13th century, maybe even earlier, it has been

recorded that when people travelled in Europe they were

often given dried seaweed on arrival at their destination

to nourish them after their tiring efforts.

Whilst western society ignored that, history countries like China,

Japan and Korea did not. In those countries you can browse the

multitude of supermarkets and food shops and see all the different

preparations, processes, species and packaging of seaweed - this is an

increasing and expanding business.

It has been known for a long time that algae are one of the keys toexcellent nutrition of fish/seafood and why species have vital essential

fats and vitamins which are not only good for them but also for multi-

ple benefits to human health when we eat fish/seafood. We know that

land animals cannot get close to the level of crucial omega-3 content

of even the smallest levels in fish/seafood and as the world moves

to healthier nutrition it is expected that seafood will be the food of

choice.

At present, algae is mainly used as an ingredient in functional food,

that is, food that bring health benefits greater than the simple provi-

sion of basic nutrients. There are some moves by ‘fashion trend’ chefs

to include salads containing seaweed and this may filter through to

main outlets in western world. In Japan the Ulva species of algae iswell known and highly regarded as a flavoring agent and as a part of

a healthful diet.

One aquaculture company has done many years of research and

planning and is now getting ready for its next phase and putting it all

together.

Aonori Aquafarms, Inc. is a land-based aquaculture operation pro-

ducing Ulva (a species of seaweed named Ulva clathrata) and shrimp

(Farfantepenaeus californiensis – Pacific Brown) for protein and food

production in Mexico, although the headquarters are located in San

Diego, California, US.

The Company had a research farm in Sinaloa Mexico from 1998 to

2008 and, in a second phase, the Company operated a small-scale farm

and hatchery based in Mexico at San Quintin, Baja California with an

infrastructure consisting of 16 ponds operating a total pond area of 3.0

hectares, located only 180 miles from San Diego, California. During this

time, the Company achieved two years of successful sales to Safewayand other buyers.

Ponds are set back from the shore and built on flat, salinized land

so that no harm is done to sensitive habitats such as mangroves or

estuaries, where traditional farms are located. The facility produced

6 tons of shrimp each year (head-off) and Ulva meal samples, having

made its first shrimp sale on December 2012.

The Company has now developed a proprietary biomimetic

technology that reproduces the natural marine habitat of shrimp,

which goes by the name of NatureFarming™, creating a shrimp/Ulva

co-culture environment.

The shrimp are fed with Ulva, leaving approximately 60 percent of

the Ulva in each pond to be commercialised in various forms such asalt substitute, high value food or feed ingredient, nutraceutical or as a

roasted seaweed snack.

Aonori claims to be the first successfully integrated multi-species

aquaculture company to produce brown shrimp and algae with a new

and unique patented process. The Company has developed a method

by Roy Palmer, Association of International Seafood Professionals

Putting it all together


EATURE


21/68

of shrimp culture that rapidly recycles mineral nutrients, eliminating the

need to pump large quantities of water and providing the shrimp with a

source of fresh feed rich in protein, carotenoids and other compounds

essential to good shrimp health, which is seen as a major breakthrough.

It seems that Aonori’s technology almost eliminates the possibility

of shrimp being affected by diseases, which have devastated many

producers in the industry worldwide. Reduced feed costs and reduced

water pumping costs more than compensate for the slower growth

rate of the Brown shrimp species, and better feed quality results in the

highest possible quality shrimp.

Aonori claims their seaweed process is almost 10 times more pro-

ductive than the systems used in Japan, and Aonori’s PrimeShrimp®,

grown in a cooler climatic zone, seem not to be exposed to the disease

risks generated by conventional shrimp farming methods.

Armando A. Leon, President and CEO, has been the driving force

behind the organisation, and he is ecstatic regarding the fact that

Aonori’s shrimp qualify for a green label – the first and only imported

green label shrimp using standards from the Seafood Watch program

of the Monterey Bay Aquarium. Armando said, “Our shrimp have the

sweet flavor, deep red color and firm texture consumers want – quality

unmatched even by wild-caught shrimp and far superior to conven-

tional farmed shrimp. Brown shrimp are the highest priced shrimp on

the market in North America, and Aonori shrimp are the best of theBrowns.”

Price of shrimp has been trending up over the last 20 years, peak-

ing in disease-plagued years, and U.S. shrimp consumption continues

historical rise, where it is the most consumed seafood. Added to that,

shrimp demand and distribution systems are well established. The

problem is that the cost of feed, water, biosecurity and electricity is

increasing for traditional and highly intensive shrimp operations.

Aonori says it has substantially reduced its feed costs compared to

regular aquaculture producers, and even more so compared to con-

ventional sustainable farms, making it a model for the future. Traditional

farms, it says, are likely to be forced to move further inland to avoid

environmental damage (especially in mangrove areas), but will face

high water consumption, remediation and discharge costs. The cost


FEATURE

Naturally ahead

M Y C O F I X

M Y C O T O

X IN R I S

K

M A

N A G E M

E N

T

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Proven protection. Mycotoxins decrease performance and interfere

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mycofx.biomin.net


22/68

of meeting responsible sustainable standards is potentially even higher.

President Leon says “Research & development work has been going

on for 20 years (with an approximate cost of USD $16 million) in order

to create this new approach to aquaculture, producing a high value crop

using only seawater and desert coastal (non–arable) land. We have five

patents (two PCTs related to Ulva crop development and sustainable

prophylactic health promoting ecosystem) and an array of trade secrets.

Additionally, we have successfully operated a ‘proof of concept’ 1-hec-

tare farm and a pre-commercial farm, the latter of which consisted in 16

ponds with a total pond area of 3 hectares. This integrated shrimp-Ulva

operation, which included a shrimp hatchery for post-larvae production

and an Ulva nursery to grow planting stock had all the parts of a com-

mercial farm, but at a below break-even scale. At this point, we took theproduct to the market and secured shrimp sales.”

He added, “Production systems have been fully tested at the pre-

commercial farm and the Company is ready for commercial expansion

upon funding, which will enable it to fulfill existing potential shrimp sales

to companies that have manifested strong interest, such as Safeway.

We are now looking for funds to carry out our expansion project, for

which the business plan contemplates funding of USD $ 6.2 million,

with which we will:

• Have a full market launch.

• Increase production to 25 hectares in the first 2 years.

• Build shrimp processing facilities.

• Produce and sell AonoriTM (Ulva)• Be the first company to achieve a high yield culture of the

premium quality macro algae, Ulva clathrata (known as “Aonori”

in Japan).

The plan, as has been proven before, is for the Company’s shrimp

to consume 40 percent of the Ulva, while the remaining 60 percent will

be available for the consumer market. Ulva can be a healthy alternative

seasoning (low sodium salt substitute), a healthy ingredient for food or

feed and an incredible seaweed-based snack. The product could also

be available as bulk for wholesale distribution. Aonori’s Umami* flavor

enhances the taste properties of many foods.

The team behind the Aonori Aquafarms is bi-national (Mexico –

US) and has a solid experience in the shrimp & algae businesses, which

has made innovative advancements in aquaculture and developed a

clear path to commercialise the company’s products. Its scientific and

technical team has an expertise in algal physiology, shrimp nutrition and

shrimp domestication. Additionally, the board of directors and manage-

ment team has experience in all key areas, such as operations (growing

and processing) and commercial areas (marketing and distribution).They truly believe that they have put it all together with a production

cost around 40 percent less than other shrimp farms. Aonori’s culture

system, they say, keeps the water in the ponds clean the same way a

natural wetland does, so pollution and other environmental impacts

are fully eliminated.

Armando says, “The company is the only entity in the world that is

successfully growing the Pacific Brown (F. californiensis) shrimp, found

from Washington State to Peru, which has a history as one of the

top-priced wild caught shrimp because of its deep red color, full ocean

sweet flavor and firm texture. We have so many advantages from both

commercial and operational standpoints: a tasty and scrumptious flavor,

as well as a firm, full bodied texture, on one hand; and, on the other,our shrimp are raised in a disease-free, high immunity, nature-like envi-

ronment, which results in the appropriate conditions for our healthy

shrimp to meet the highest standards required for environmental

stewardship. We cannot wait to be fulfilling our potential and be a

leader in the aquaculture industry.”

20 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEE

International Aquafeed - November | December 2015 - FULL EDITION

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