Intelligence
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Transcript of Intelligence
Intelligence
What is intelligence? Varies by culture
Western cultures focus on cognitive tasks
Is “IQ” nature or nurture? IQ and genetic effects (Genetics effects IQ)
IQ partly based on heredity Identical twins reared separately have more
similar IQ than fraternal twins reared together.
Is “IQ” nature or nurture? IQ and birth parents (Childrearing effects IQ)
Is IQ one general ability or several specific abilities? Factor analysis
Used to determine if intelligence is one or a cluster of traits
Clusters: verbal, mathematical, spatial, reasoning abilities
General intelligence “G” factor A general capacity that underlies all specific mental
abilities
Specific types of intelligence Emotional Cognitive Unique
Emotional intelligence Ability to express, understand, and process
emotions Being very empathic
Cognitive intelligence Math Reading comprehension
Unique intelligence Savant Syndrome
Incredible ability in one area Numbers, drawing, music, memory
Beginnings of intelligence testing Originally designed to measure cognitive aptitude Alfred Benet
Predicted school achievement with mental age Eg. A 9 year old child has a mental age of 9
Lewis Terman (From Stanford University) Created the American revision of Binet’s original
intelligence test Developed the “Stanford-Binet” IQ test
Intelligence Quotent (IQ) Mental age divided by chronological age X 100 E.g. 15 divided by 15 X 100 = 100 10 divided by 8 X 100 = 125 Worked well for children but not adults Today’s IQ tests compare the person’s
performance to others of his own age (100 is average)
Standardization Scores relative to
a pre-tested group Based on a normal
curve The Bell shaped
(normal) curve Ave. a score of
intelligence test = 100
Standard intelligence tests WAIS
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale WISC
Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children
Other tests Achievement tests - Measure what has been
learned Calculus test
Aptitude tests - Predicting ability A test of your capacity to learn College entrance exams ( SAT & GRE exams)
Creating tests Validity Reliability Standardization
Validity Measuring what it is supposed to measure
Content validity College exams Driver’s license exam
Criterion validity Test compared to criterion group
(e.g. depressed patients) Predictive Validity
SAT & GRE exams
Reliability Consistent results Internal consistency
Odd v.s. even questions
Standardization Testing a group Determining scoring based on a bell curve.