Integration of Transport & Land-use: The case of the Leiden-Gouda area

Jasper Bras: 1402579Delft, 24th Januari 2013

Integration oftransport & land-use The case of the Leiden - Gouda area

2

Table of content

• Rationale & problem statement

• Case study & research

• Conclusions & design

3

Source:

thomas Schlijper - www.vn.nl

Betuwelijn

4

Randstadrail

Source:

thomas Schlijper - www.vn.nl

5

Complex technogical systems

• Integration with the environment

• Stakeholder participation

6

1: Integration of policies

2: Devolution of powers

7

Infrastructure Land-use

Spatial interactions

8



9

Influenced by governance


Infrastructure Land-useGOVERNANCE

10

Infrastructure

NATIONAL

PROVINCIAL

MUNICIPAL

Land-use



GOVERNANCE

GOVERNANCE

GOVERNANCE

Three tiers of governance

11

Changing power relations

Infrastructure

NATIONAL

PROVINCIAL

MUNICIPAL

Land-use



GOVERNANCE

GOVERNANCE

GOVERNANCE

12

1: Integration of policies

2: Devolution of powers

13

Ministerie van Infrastructuur en M

ilieu

Ontwerp Structuurvisie Infrastructuur en RuimteNederland concurrerend, bereikbaar, leefbaar en veilig

Dit is een uitgave van het

Ministerie van Infrastructuur en Milieu

Postbus 20901 | 2500 ex Den Haagwww.rijksoverheid.nl/ienm

Juli 2011

Ontw

erp Structuurvisie Infrastructuur en Ruimte

Ministerie van Infrastructuur en M

ilieu

Municipal

Provincial

National

• Law reforms: Wro (2008)• National planning documents (2011)

14

Municipal

Provincial

National

Kaart (inter)nationale bereikbaarheid van stedelijke regio’s met topsectoren

Kaart (inter)nationale bereikbaarheid van stedelijke regio’s met topsectoren

Stedelijke regio met topsectoren

Mainport Schiphol

Mainport Rotterdam

Brainport Zuidoost Nederland

Greenport

Stad van internationaal recht, vrede en veiligheid

HSL /ICE station

Overige luchthaven van nationale betekenis

Zeehaven van nationaal belang

Binnenhaven van nationaal belang

Voornaamste achterlandverbindingen

(Inter)nationaal hoofdwegennet

(Inter)nationaal hoofdvaarwegennet

Zuidas

(Inter)nationaal spoorwegennet

Hoge snelheids lijn

Spoor met variabele snelheid

Overig (inter)nationaal spoorwegennet

Goederenspoor

Vereenvoudigde topografie

Stedelijke regio met topsectoren

Mainport Schiphol

Mainport Rotterdam

Brainport Zuidoost Nederland

Greenport

Stad van internationaal recht, vrede en veiligheid

HSL /ICE station

Overige luchthaven van nationale betekenis

Zeehaven van nationaal belang

Binnenhaven van nationaal belang

Voornaamste achterlandverbindingen

(Inter)nationaal hoofdwegennet

(Inter)nationaal hoofdvaarwegennet

Zuidas

(Inter)nationaal spoorwegennet

Hoge snelheids lijn

Spoor met variabele snelheid

Overig (inter)nationaal spoorwegennet

Goederenspoor

Vereenvoudigde topografie

| Ministerie van Infrastructuur en Milieu28

• Law reforms: Wro (2008)• National planning documents (2011)

Top sectors & networks

15

Municipal

Provincial

National

‘Regional gap’

16

Railway line

Municipalities

Province

Possible impact on regional infrastructure

17

Complex technological systems:binding story, institutional & operational structure

18

Complex technological systems:binding story, institutional & operational structure

19Multi-dimensional

Railway line

Space

20

Railway line

Space Institutions

Multi-dimensional

21

Railway line

Space Institutions

ProcessMulti-dimensional

22

Problem statement # Aim

What are the issues of governance between local planning agencies, around the integration of sectoral policies on mobility and land-use and around the implementation of a transport infrastructure project such as the Rijn Gouwe Lijn at regional level?

23

Problem statement # Aim

What are the issues of governance between local planning agencies, around the integration of sectoral policies on mobility and land-use and around the implementation of a transport infrastructure project such as the Rijn Gouwe Lijn at regional level?

What planning mechanism could address issues of governance, facilitate integration of policies and support the implementation

of such projects?

24

Space Institutions

Process

Study & Design

Theory # TIP-model

1. Technical (spatial) design2. Institutional design3. Process design

Source:

Koppenjan, j. & GroeneweGen, j. (2005)

25

Theory # TIP-model

Space

Theory # TIP-model

1. Technical (spatial) design2. Institutional design3. Process design

Source:

Koppenjan, j. & GroeneweGen, j. (2005)

Institutions

Process

Study & Design

26

Single modes Multi-modes Accessibility modes(TOD)

Theory # Integrated transport planning Space Institutions

Process

Source:

CUrtIS, C. & jaMeS, B. (2004)

27

Source:

www.zaanstreek.nl

Transit zones

28

Source:

BaLZ, V. & SCHrIjnen, j. (2009)

29

1. Rural areas

7. Randstad hubs

5. Business sites

3. Outskirts of cities

9. City centres

2. Small towns

8. Creative cities

4. Cities of the future 6. Regional crossroads

30

?

Space Institutions

Process

Integration

Coordination

Cooperation

Fragmented field of interest

Theory # Adjustment of policies

Degrees of adjustmentSource:

SteaD, D. & MeIjerS, e. (2004)

31

Municipality A Municipality B

Province

Institutions

Space Institutions

Process

Theory # Institutional relations

32

Theory # Institutional relations

Project organization/

authority

Municipality A Municipality B

Province

Space Institutions

ProcessInstitutional structures

33

Strategies/ frameworks

of flexible response

Nested territorial

institutions

Nested territorial

institutions

Nested territorial

institutions

Theory # Institutional relations Space Institutions

ProcessInstitutional structures

Source:

SaLet, w. (2006)

34

Institutional capacity

Resources

Theory # Institutional capacity Space Institutions

Process

€

Material Financial Legal Intellectual

Institutional capacity

Governance culture

Do the instutions have the attitude to adjust their policies?

...or the attitude to collaborate?

Theory # Institutional capacity Space Institutions

Process

Source:

www.synobys.nl

Space Institutions

Process

Long term vision

Long-term & short-term actions

Contactstakeholders

Involvementcitizens/interest groups

4-tracks

Theory # Strategic spatial planning

Source:

albrechts (2004)

37

Case study area

38

Leiden

Zoeterwoude

Rijnwoude

Gouda

Boskoop

Alphen aan den Rijn

Waddinxveen

RijnlandRoute

Rijn-Gouwelijn

Leiden

Zoeterwoude

Rijnwoude

Gouda

Boskoop

Alphen aan den Rijn

Waddinxveen

Zuidplas

RijnlandRoute (RR)

RGL East

RGL West

N

Leiden

Zoeterwoude

Rijnwoude

Gouda

Boskoop

Alphen aan den Rijn

Waddinxveen

Zuidplas

RijnlandRoute (RR)

RGL East

RGL West

N

Case study area # Location

39


40


41

115

Stops

Source:

1st Project agreement RGL East (between all muncipalities, province, Rijkswaterstaat and ProRail) (2005)

Research on practice # Institutional analysis

116

Spatial program

Source:



117

Contribution per unit

Source:



118

Total sum

Source:



119

Key distribution gures (municipal)

Source:


Research on practice # Institutional analysisCase study area # Project agreements

Financial distributionRGL project agreement (2005)

42

€

culture - policies - instrumentsfinancial

Policies for compact developmentaround transit zones

Case study area # Integration of policies

43

Empirical research

? ??

?

??

??

?

?

?

??

Spatial

Institutional & process

• Spatial patterns of the region [mapping]• Station typologies [field/photo study]• adjustment of plans between agencies [mapping]

• observation of the project agreements [desk research]• the adjustment of policies [interviews] • Institutional structures & capacity [mapping & interviews]

Empirical research # Studies

Empirical research # Spatial studies

47

Empirical research # Spatial studies

48

Source:

GooGLe Street VIew (2012)

BoskoopSmall town

49

Source:

GooGLe Street VIew (2012)

Waddinxveen ZuidIndustrial/business site

50Rotterdam

Pijnacker-Nootdorp

Midden-Delfland

Westland

Lansingerland

Den Haag

ZoetermeerLeidschendam-

Voorburg

Bodegraven

Schoonhoven

Bergambacht

Vlist

Nederlek

Ouderkerk

Moordrecht Gouda

Zevenhuizen-Moerkappelle

Nieuwerkerk a/d IJssel

Waddinxveen

Boskoop

Midden-Holland

Kraag en Braassem

HillegomNoordwijkerhout

Noordwijk

Katwijk

Voorschoten

Oegstgeest

LeidenLeiderdorp

Zoeterwoude

Lisse

Teylingen

Holland Rijnland

Nieuwkoop

Alphen a/d Rijn

Rijnstreekberaad

Rijnwoude

RGL-East

Reeuwijk

Privateactors

Water Board

Province of Zuid-Holland

National government

Greenport Westland-Oostland

Regionale ontwikkelings-organisatie Zuidplas

Stichting Groenfonds Midden-Delfland

Stichting Land van Wijk en Wouden

Mileudienst West-Holland

Oude Rijnzone

Greenport Boskoop

Partnership region Gouda

Natuur & recreatieschap Reeuwijkse Plassen

Partnership

Economic relation

Environmental relation

Planning relation

General partnership

Actor

Empirical research # Institutional structure

51

Empirical research # Interviews

• province of Zuid-Holland (2x)• regional partnership Holland rijnland• Chamber of Commerce (KvK)• prorail• Municipality of Zoeterwoude• Involved alderman municpality of Leiden

Interviews

52

Mutual competitionbetween participants

“The RGL-East does no appeal on the partnerships but on the partnerships, but on the municpalities. The first project agreement has been made between all municipal governments individual, which required a relatively comprehensive steering group. This can be seen as one of the issues regarding the institutional structure on the RGL-East.” - rep. C

“It was a project wherein everybody thought it could realize their aims but the aims where not always corresponding. Eventually the project became the aim itself and not the instrument anymore to achieve the aim.” - rep. C

“The interventions of the municipality where very limited - non-interventions. Each municipality had strong individual interest. The cohesive element was created by the province.” - rep. C


53

Insufficient integrative concepts, visions & policies

“We now see that the project and its organizational structure was strongly oriented towards traditional infastructure policies: the project office had a strong focus on the technical aspects, but not on the areas around the stations.” - rep. B

“There has neither been a good supporting story for the RGL nor a good concept - never.” - rep. C

“The ‘Verordening Ruimte’ or ‘inpassingsplan’ is not integral, it is committed to one singel sector.” - rep. B

“Almost no one can explain anymore what the original ambitions, visions or reason behind the RGL was or everybody tells a different story: there is no shared vision, no shared ambition.” - rep. C


54

Insufficient culture forpublic-private partnerships

“The collaboration between the province and ProRail was one without trust. (…) This is mainly because the province did not have sufficient technical expertise regarding such projects, and did not want to give ProRail the room for contribution...” - rep. e

“The provincial government has the right instrument and authority, but has an administrative culture which is not there to invite NGO´s and private actors regarding such projects...” - rep. G

“The province did neither exclude nor invate private actors directly.” - rep. B

“For the RGL there was no public-private partnership, which has to do with the political and adminstrative culture of the province.” - rep. D


55

Insufficient steering culture (province) & communication between participants

“...the provincial government has the executive boards which are quite reserved in the use of instruments that would steer development on local level, that is not part of the administrative culture.” - rep. B

“The municipalities had more contact with the provincial government than with each other. (...) In global lines we knew what the plans of other municipalities where, but often we did not know how far they were in their plans.” - rep. F

“The communication between the involved actors should have been better and should have been started in an earlier stage.” - rep. D

“Origionally, there was alomost no mutual correspondance between the participating municipalities, the assumption was that the province would do the communication.” - rep. C


?

Integration

Coordination

Cooperation

Fragmented field of interest

Empirical research # Level of policy adjustment

? ??

?

??

??

?

?

?

??

• ‘Liberal’ planning policies at local level: dispersed development• absence of strong (integral) vision for the region and no clear

link with a supporting development concept for the project• Little adjustment of policies on mobility and land-use• Differentiation along the line: different station environments

• province: appropriate legal authority and planning instruments • Insufficient ‘governance culture’ for adjustment of policies• Insufficient trust between public and private actors• presence of project organization, but with too little authority,

and responsible for the implementation of the project• absence of platform for negotiation - no clear

communication among stakeholders and no joined vision

Conclusions

Spatial

Institutional & process

58

Design

59

Space Institutions

Process

Design

Design # Spatial, institutional, process

60

Design # Process design

Track 1Long-term vision

Define institution. structure province - regional partnerships

Invite NGO’s & civl committ.environment - KvK

Integration

Coordination

CooperationDefine alliance (PPS)stakeholder alliance

Define financial mechanismregional & pension funds + TDR

Policy adjustment railway stations & land-use

Define integrative conceptTOD

Track 2Long-term & short-term actions

Track 3Contact with stakeholders

Track 4Basic process with citizens/interest groups

€

Track 1Long-term vision

Define institution. structure province - regional partnerships

Invite NGO’s & civl committ.environment - KvK

Integration

Coordination

CooperationDefine alliance (PPS)stakeholder alliance

Define financial mechanismregional & pension funds + TDR

Policy adjustment railway stations & land-use

Define integrative conceptTOD

Track 2Long-term & short-term actions

Track 3Contact with stakeholders

Track 4Basic process with citizens/interest groups

€

61

?Open vision

Potential stakeholders

local authorities (semi-)private actors

NGO´s

Regional authorityProvince

Platform for discussion

Transparancy

Lower authority brings subject to higher agenda

Active participation

Interactive simulation

Agreements

Monitoring

Policy adjustment

ResponsibilityGovernance culture:Willing to collaborate?

Planninginstruments

Project authority

Legal framework

Cooperation

Integration

Design # Process design

Process of decision-makingin order facilitate collaboration and adjustment of policies

62

Design # Spatial design

urbanizingcorridors

preservedcultivated lands.

preservedcultivated landscape

residential expans.Zuidplaspolder

horticultureBoskoop

green buffers

commercial

office

water recreation

regional station (transfer)

industryresidential

intensive agriculture

Waddinxveen Zuid office - industrial site

1. Mix of functions2. High densities:

FSI 1,0 - 3,0(depending on location)

Section A-A

1

3

+

town hall library wo/hbo/mbo hotel/camping

culturallandmark

recreationarea

entertainment/horticulture

museum (music) theater swimming pool

shopping center

hospital/health center

prim. school

high school cinema

sport complex

H

H

green buffers

commercial

office

industryresidential

r = 1200m

AA

Regional structure vision +concept of TOD

Development conditionsaround stations

63

Design # Spatial design

urbanizingcorridors

preservedcultivated lands.

preservedcultivated landscape

residential expans.Zuidplaspolder

horticultureBoskoop

green buffers

commercial

office

water recreation

regional station (transfer)

industryresidential

intensive agriculture

Boskoopsmall town - village

1. Mix of functions2. High densities:

FSI 1,0 - 2,0(depending on location)

Section A-A

1

3

+

town hall library wo/hbo/mbo hotel/camping

culturallandmark

recreationarea

entertainment/horticulture

museum (music) theater swimming pool

shopping center

hospital/health center

prim. school

high school cinema

sport complex

H

H

green buffers

commercial

office

industryresidential

r = 1200m

AA

Regional structure vision +concept of TOD

Development conditionsaround stations

64

MunicipalityLeiden

MunicipalityGouda

MunicipalityZoeterwoude

MunicipalityRijnwoude

MunicipalityBoskoop

MunicipalityWaddinxveen

MunicipalityAlphen a/d Rijn

Province Zuid-Holland

Design # Institutional design

65

Province Zuid-Holland

PartnershipHolland Rijnland

PartnershipMidden-Holland

Design # Institutional design

Involve regional partnerships instead of municipalities individually

66

Are the authorities open for changes?

Design # Ready for change?

Are the authorities open for changes?

Change your governance culture...

67

Design # Ready for change?

Source:

http://blog.eboardsolutions.com

They have to!

68

Thank you!

Integration of Transport & Land-use: The case of the Leiden-Gouda area

Real Estate

Transcript of Integration of Transport & Land-use: The case of the Leiden-Gouda area