i

INTEGRATED MICROWAVE BANDPASS AND BANDSTOP FILTER TO

MULTIFUNCTION OPERATION IN WIRELESS COMMUNICATION

SYSTEM

NURUL FAMYZA BINTI ARHAM

This Report Is Submitted in Partial Fulfilment of Requirements For The

Bachelor Degree of Electronic Engineering (Telecommunications Electronics)

With Honours

Faculty of Electronics and Computer Engineering

Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka

June 2016

ii

iii

DECLARATION

“I hereby declare that the work in this project is my own except for summaries and quotations which have been duly acknowledge.”

iv

APPROVAL

“I acknowledge that I have read this report and in my opinion this report is sufficient in term of scope and quality for the award of Bachelor of Electronic Engineering (Industrial Electronics/ Computer Engineering/ Electronic Telecommunication/

Wireless Communication)* with Honours.”

v

DEDICATION

Special dedication to my beloved parents,

Arham bin Wasimin & Hafizah binti Aris

To my backbone

Mohd Fadhil Jamaludin

Mohd Nazrul Nizam

Nazatul Asyikin

To my supervisor

PM. Dr. Zahriladha bin Zakaria

My friends and my fellow lecturers

Thank you for all your care, support, guidance, and believe in me.

vi

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

First and the most important person that help me for the whole this two

semester PM. DR. Zahriladha bin Zakaria. Thank you for your guidance help me to

understand about this project. His guidance from the beginning to make me

understand about the project until the completion of this thesis. Thank you for

spending your valuable time to keep me on track while completing my project.

I also would like to give the appreciation to the Dean’s of faculty of

Electronic and Computer Engineering and also the lecturers who contribute during

the seminar thesis writing. Dr. Kok Swee Leong, the coordinator of PSM programme

for his inestimable and invaluable guidance. Thanks so much for taking time from

your busy schedule to give an introduction about this PSM program and provided the

sources of the courses.

I am thankful to technician PSM Lab, Encik Imran Bin Mohamed Ali and

technician Makmal Penyelidikan I, Encik Mohd Sufian Bin Abu Talib for helping me

during the fabrication and measurement process.

Thank you to all my friends who supported and help me during this final year

project.

vii

ABSTRACT

Ultra Wideband bandpass (UWB) filter provide a lot of advantage such as

low power and high data precision. However, UWB bandpass filter easy to get the

interference from the other radio frequency spectrum such as C-band satellite

communication system 4GHz, radar system 10GHz, and X-band satellite

communication 8.4GHz and radar system 10GHz. This project is to design the UWB

bandpass filter integrated with Defected Microstrip Structure (DMS). Function of the

DMS is to act as notched response. The pin diode added to act as tuning the notch

response. The substrate used is Roger 4350B with thickness 0.508mm, dielectric

constant 3.48 and loss tangent 0.0019. The tool for the measurement after the

fabrication process is by using the Vector Network Analyser (VNA). The return loss

must be better than 15 dB and the insertion loss around 0.1dB. When the pin diode

on the notched response occur at 6.7GHz while when the pin diode off the notched

response occur at 6.6GHz and 9.8GHz.

viii

ABSTRAK

Ultra luas jalur penapis laluan jalur (UWB) penapis memberikan banyak

kelebihan seperti tenaga yang rendah dan ketepatan data yang tinggi. Walau

bagaimanapun, UWB penapis laluan jalur mudah untuk mendapat gangguan dari

spektrum frekuensi radio yang lain seperti sistem komunikasi satelit C-band 4GHz,

sistem radar 10GHz, dan X-band komunikasi satelit 8.4GHz dan sistem radar

10GHz. Projek ini adalah untuk mereka bentuk penapis UWB laluan jalur bersepadu

dengan jalur tinggi bersepadu bersama dengan struktur mikro-strip (DMS). Fungsi

DMS adalah untuk bertindak sebagai tindak balas bertakuk. Pin diod ditambah

untukbertindak sebagai penalaan sambutan takuk. Substrat yang digunakan adalah

Roger 4350B dengan ketebalan 0.508mm, pemalar dielektrik 3.48 dan kehilangan

tangen 0.0019. Alat untuk mengukur selepas proses fabrikasi adalah dengan

menggunakan Vector Network Analyser (VNA). Kehilangan pulangan mestilah lebih

baik daripada 15 dB dan kehilangan sisipan sekitar 0.1dB. Apabila diod pin dibuka

kepada sambutan bertakuk berlaku pada 6.7GHz manakala apabila diod pin ditutup

sambutan bertakuk berlaku pada 6.6GHz dan 9.8GHz.

ix

TABLE OF CONTENT

CHAPTER CONTENT PAGES

TITLE i

CONFIRMATION FORM ii

DECLARATION iii

APPROVAL iv

DEDICATION v

ACKNOWLEDGMENT vi

ABSTRACT vii

ABSTRAK viii

TABLE OF CONTENT ix

LIST OF TABLES xii

LIST OF FIGURES xiii

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS xv

LIST OF APPENDICES xvi

I INTRODUCTION

1.1 Introduction 1

1.2 Problem Statement 2

1.3 Objectives 2

1.4 Scope of Work 3

1.5 Chapter Review 3

x

II LITERITURE REVIEW

2.1 Ultra –wideband (UWB) 5

2.1.1 UWB RF systems and applications 6

2.2 Introduction of filter 7

2.3 Type of filter 7

2.4 Microstrip 8

2.5 Notch Response 9

2.5.1 Defected Microstrip Structure 10

2.6 Related research 11

III METHODOLOY

3.1 Methodology 16

3.2 Design UWB tunable bandpass filter 18

3.2.1 Filter specification 20

3.2.2 Calculation of UWB bandpass filter 21

3.2.3 UWB transmission line schematic 24

3.2.4 UWB microstrip line shematic 24

3.2.5 UWB Microstrip Schematic with T-junction 26

and Via-ground

3.2.6 Layout structure 26

3.3 Defected Microstrip Structure (DMS) 27

3.4 UWB bandpass filter with Defected Microstrip structure 27

3.5 Fabrication and measurement 28

IV RESULT AND DISCUSSION

4.1 Transmission line schematic of UWB bandpass filter 29

4.2 Microstrip line schematic of UWB bandpass filter 31

4.3 Microstrip line schematic UWB bandpass filter 32

with T junction and Via ground.

4.3.1 Microstrip line schematic UWB bandpass 32

filter with T junction and via ground (before tuning).

xi

4.3.2 Microstrip line schematic UWB bandpass filter 34

with T junction and via ground (after tuning).

4.4 Layout structure of UWB bandpass filter 36

4.5 Defected Microstrip Structure (DMS) 38

4.6 UWB bandpass filter integrated with DMS 41

4.7 UWB bandpass filter integrated with DMS (fabrication) 42

V CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORK

5.1 Conclusion 45

5.2 Future Work 48

REFERENCES 49

APPENDICES 52

xii

LIST OF TABLE

TABLE TITLE PAGES

3.1 Specification of bandpass filter design 20

3.2 Properties of substrate Roger Duroid 4350B 20

3.3 Specification for number of order 21

3.4 Element Values of UWB Transmission Filter with 22

Short-Circuited Stub with Pass-band Ripple 0.1dB

.....3.5 Value of the characteristic admittances. 23

3.6 Value of the characteristic impedances 23

3.7 Value of width and length after ‘line-clac’ 24

4.1 Value of width and length after the tuning process. 34

4.2 Value of the layout structure after the tuning process 37

xiii

LIST OF FIGURE

FIGURE TITLE PAGES

2.1 Low Pass, High Pass, Band-pass and Band-stop Filter. 8

2.2 Micro-strip Structure 9

2.3 Band-pass Filter with Notch Response 9

2.4 Defected Micro-strip Structure 10

3.1 Flow chart of the overall project 18

3.2 Flow chart of the overall project 19

3.3 Transmission line schematic 24

3.4 ‘Line-Calc’ in ADS software 25

3.5 Microstrip line schematic 25

3.6 UWB Micro-strip Schematic with T-junction and 26

Via-ground

3.7 Picture of layout structure of UWB bandpass filter. 26

3.8 Type of the defected microstrip structure 27

3.9 Layout structure UWB bandpass filter with DMS. 27

4.1 Transmission line schematic of UWB bandpass filter. 30

4.2 Simulation result of transmission line schematic of 30

UWB bandpass filter.

4.3 Microstrip line schematic UWB bandpass filter 31

4.4 Simulation result of microstrip line schematic UWB 31

bandpass filter.

4.5 Microstrip line schematic with T junction and Via 33

ground (before tuning).

.....4.6 Simulation result of Microstrip line schematic with T 33

junction and Via ground (before tuning).

4.7 Mictcrosrip line schematic with T junction and 35

Via ground (after tuning)

xiv

4.8 Simulation result of Mictcrosrip line schematic with T 35

junction and Via ground (after tuning)

4.9 Layout structure of UWB from the microstrip line 36

4.10 Simulation result of layout structure of UWB from the 37

microstrip line.

4.11 Layout structure after the tuning process 37

4.12 Simulation result of the layout structure after the tuning 38

Process

4.13 T shaped of the defected microstrip structure. 38

4.14 Simulation result of T-shaped 39

4.15 H-shaped defected microstrip structure 39

4.16 Simulation result of the DMS 39

4.17 Square shaped DMS 40

4.18 Simulation result of square shaped 40

4.19 Square shaped DMS when pin diode off. 40

4.20 Simulation result of square shaped when pin diode off. 41

4.21 UWB integrated with DMS 41

4.22 Simulation result of UWB integrated with notched response 42

4.23 UWB integrated with DMS when pin diode off 42

4.24 Simulation result of UWB integrated with DMS when 42

pin diode off

4.25 Measurement result of UWB with DMS when pin diode on 43

4.26 Measurement result of UWB with DMS when pin diode off 44

xv

LIST OF ABBREVIATION

UWB - Ultra wide-band

BPF - Band-pass filter

DMS - Defected Microstrip Structure

DGS - Defected Ground Structure

ADS - Advance Design System

RF - Radio Frequency

FCC - Federal Communication Commission

MMR - Multimode Resonator

WLAN - Wireless Local Area Network

DSLR - Dual Stub Loaded Resonator

VNA - Vector Network Analyzer

SIR - Step Impeadance Resonator

xvi

LIST OF APPENDICES

APPENDIX TITLE PAGES

A INOTEK EXHIBITION 2016 POSTER 52

B FABRICATION PROCESS 53

iv