1

Instructional Technology UNCW MIT

Ray Pastore, Ph.D.University of North Carolina

Wilmington

2

Introduction The following presentation will address projects that I

have been working on in the instructional technology dept. here at UNCW

Mobile Learning

Gaming

Time compressed instruction

Online learning

Multimedia

Virtual Classrooms

3

Mobile Learning

4

What is Mobile Learning? Stevens and Kitchenham (2011) define

mobile learning as “the use of a wireless handheld device;

a cell phone, personal digital assistant (PDA), mini-computer, or iPod to engage in some form of meaningful learning (p.3)”.

5

What we are building in our courses

Mobile Apps

Need to be installed Can be on OS Device dependent  May cost money Can use phone

features (gps etc.) Do NOT require

internet

Mobile Websites

Can be used on any phone with internet

Not on OS free (for the most

part)  Need to open

browser Difficulty accessing

phone features (GPS etc).

6

Being used in education for to view or send content or email participate in discussion forums submit and view assignments send/receive feedback enrolling in courses (higher ed) communication textingemergency warning systemsCMS/LMS

7

Being used in corporations/gov for

Everything on the previous slide plus….GamingSimulationsFull coursesFlash based contentHTML5 based content

*This is where education is headed and Education innovators are already doingthis

8

Mobile Learning

Mobile learning is in it's infancyResearch on mobile use and design is just starting to emergeMuch of this research focuses on mobile use rather than mobile devices for learning  

 The purpose of our first research study on mobile learning was to examine students perceptions of developing and using instruction for the mobile web

9

Methods Study took place at the University of North

Carolina Wilmington Instructional Technology graduate students Design

Interviews (6 Students interviewed - semi structured interviews)

Observations (Graduate Class observed)Role of observer: InstructorSurvey (Survey on mobile use, learning, and

satisfaction)

10

Case Computer Based Instruction course at UNCW

Develop mobile based instruction via Dreamweaver Students were web development novice Students were presented lesson on web and mobile

development using Dreamweaver (3 Class periods) They were asked to read several articles on mobile learning

Assignment10 minute instructional tutorials to be developed for

smartphonesPublished to UNCW webspaceTested sites on iPod touches

11

Example Screenshttp://www.uncw.edu/ed/mit/studentprojects.html

12

Sample quotes from interviews "I think the differences from going from that where you

use a keyboard and a mouse to the touch is that you realize how big your fingers are and just a link is not going to be very effective anymore. You need big buttons. You need to direct the learner on where they need to touch to go to the next screen. There is really no pop ups, no imbedded flash type things, its like going from one screen to the next. It seems very linear. “

"I don’t know that you’re going to be able to do a lot other than just quick reference job aids. I’m not sure you’d want to have a whole instructional system through the, for the iPhone, though maybe,, a SmartPhone. You could do it for maybe tablets, but again you’ve got some Flash limitations. So I would think that job aids and things that you can learn quickly are the realm of smart phone development."

13

Time Compression

14

Time Compression

• In today’s fast paced digital world, time is a luxury. • Normal speech rate is between 120-180 words per minute

(Monroe & Ehninger, 1974) and averages around 150 words per minute (Benz, 1971)

• The average reading speed for adults is around 280 wpm (Taylor, Frankenpohl, & Pettee, 1960)

• This gives reading a timesavings advantage in a computer based training (CBT) environment

• So what does this mean for the modality effect? – takes longer

• Do we ignore it because we want ‘rapid’ training?• NO – Maybe we can listen as fast as we can read!

15

Time Compression Recent research has revealed that audio can be compressed up

to a certain point and still support high level learning (Pastore, 2009)

What is Time Compressed Speech? (Orr & Friedman, 1967) The act of changing the tempo while preserving the pitch and retaining quality Invariant timing hypothesis (Honing, 2007).

This hypothesis states that one cannot distinguish between the quality of audio when there is a tempo change (within normal wpm ranges and up to a certain point of compression).

Pastore (2009) revealed that spoken words could be digitally time-compressed up to 25% in a multimedia environment while preserving complex learning.

Thus, a one-hour multimedia session could take 45 minutes if time-compressed 25% and still maintain the same level of learner comprehension.

16

Time Compression Design - 2x3 Experimental Design

– Independent Variables -• Redundant and Non-redundant• Compressed Instruction - 0%, 25%, 50%

Compression Percentage - Time

Time Words Per Minute

0% 12:10 16425% 9:08 21950% 6:05 328

17

Time Compression

– Compression (Tukey’s HSD for post hoc)• 0% (11.82) = 25% (11.02) > 50% (8.63) - factual• 0% (8.84) = 25% (8.25) > 50% (6.02) - Problem solving• *numbers indicate means; out of 20 points.

18

Other projects…

19

Gaming

Gamemaker Squeak Scratch Adobe Flash Samples:

http://uncw.edu/ed/mit/studentprojects.html

20

Online Learning: How to teach online

Developing courses via Moodle Students learn how to manage their own

LMS like Blackboard They then learn best practices for

implementing these course Design and develop their own

courses Book: http://www.amazon.com/Online-Learning-Instructional-Technology-Exploration/dp/

1477462295/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1337341318&sr=8-1

21

Virtual Classrooms

Teach all of our classes via webex Students can choose to attend in the class

or go online Classes tend to be 50/50 Instructional strategies not

sacrificed Currently writing a paper as a

dept on students preferences

22

We are working on many other things as well….

Multimedia development Web development Mobile app design Interface design Competencies in the field Social media

23

Questions?

Presentation can be found at my blog@

http://raypastore.com