Installationsvejledning Fedora Core 6 · CC-BY-SA, if you distribute this document or an adaptation...

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Fedora Core 6 Installationsvejledning Suart Ellis Paul Frields

Transcript of Installationsvejledning Fedora Core 6 · CC-BY-SA, if you distribute this document or an adaptation...

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Fedora Core 6

Installationsvejledning

Suart Ellis

Paul Frields

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Installationsvejledning

Fedora Core 6 Installationsvejledning Udgave 2.0

Forfatter Suart Ellis [email protected] Paul Frields [email protected]

Copyright © 2006 Red Hat, Inc. and Others.

The text of and illustrations in this document are licensed by Red Hat under a Creative CommonsAttribution–Share Alike 3.0 Unported license ("CC-BY-SA"). An explanation of CC-BY-SA is availableat http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/. The original authors of this document, and Red Hat,designate the Fedora Project as the "Attribution Party" for purposes of CC-BY-SA. In accordance withCC-BY-SA, if you distribute this document or an adaptation of it, you must provide the URL for theoriginal version.

Red Hat, as the licensor of this document, waives the right to enforce, and agrees not to assert,Section 4d of CC-BY-SA to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law.

Red Hat, Red Hat Enterprise Linux, the Shadowman logo, JBoss, MetaMatrix, Fedora, the InfinityLogo, and RHCE are trademarks of Red Hat, Inc., registered in the United States and other countries.

For guidelines on the permitted uses of the Fedora trademarks, refer to https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Legal:Trademark_guidelines.

Linux® is the registered trademark of Linus Torvalds in the United States and other countries.

Java® is a registered trademark of Oracle and/or its affiliates.

XFS® is a trademark of Silicon Graphics International Corp. or its subsidiaries in the United Statesand/or other countries.

All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners.

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Preface vii1. Dokumentkonventioner ................................................................................................... vii

1.1. Typografikonventioner ......................................................................................... vii1.2. Konventionen for trækcitater ............................................................................... viii1.3. Noter og advarsler ............................................................................................... ix

2. Vi har brug for tilbagemeldinger! ..................................................................................... ix

Introduktion xi1. About Fedora Core ......................................................................................................... xi2. Om denne vejledning ...................................................................................................... xi3. Påskønnelser ................................................................................................................. xi

1. Baggrund 1

2. Forstå i386 og andre maskinearkitekturer 3

3. Inden du begynder 53.1. Lagerplads ................................................................................................................... 53.2. Netværk ....................................................................................................................... 53.3. Installér fra en server eller en webserver ....................................................................... 53.4. Installing Fedora Core on a Managed Network .............................................................. 6

4. Forbereder medie 74.1. Forbereder medie på CD eller DVD .............................................................................. 74.2. Forbereder media for opstart fra USB ........................................................................... 8

5. Begynd installationen 115.1. Start op fra CD, DVD eller USB .................................................................................. 115.2. Afprøv medie på CD og DVD ...................................................................................... 135.3. Start op fra netværket ved bruge PXE ......................................................................... 15

6. Identificerer dit lokale sprog 176.1. Sprogvalg .................................................................................................................. 176.2. Tastaturkonfiguration ................................................................................................... 17

7. Installationsmetoder 197.1. Standardinstallationsmetode ........................................................................................ 197.2. Alternative installationsmetoder ................................................................................... 197.3. Installation fra en disk ................................................................................................ 207.4. TCP/IP-konfiguration for installationen ......................................................................... 217.5. Indstillinger for NFS-installation ................................................................................... 237.6. Indstillinger for FTP-installation .................................................................................... 237.7. Indstillinger for HTTP-installation ................................................................................. 25

8. Velkomstdialog 27

9. Opgraderer et eksisterende system 299.1. Opgraderingsundersøgelse ......................................................................................... 299.2. Opgradere konfigurationen for opstartsindlæseren ........................................................ 30

10. Diskpartitionering 3110.1. Generel information om partitioner ............................................................................. 32

10.1.1. Partitionstyper ................................................................................................ 3410.1.2. Forstå LVM .................................................................................................... 3410.1.3. Opret en partition for /home ........................................................................... 34

10.2. Disk Druid ................................................................................................................ 34

11. Opstartsindlæseren 39

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11.1. Behold dine eksisterende indstillinger for opstartsindlæseren ....................................... 3911.2. Opstart af flere operativsystemer ............................................................................... 4011.3. Sæt en adgangskode for opstartsindlæseren .............................................................. 41

11.3.1. Glemte adgangskoder for GRUB .................................................................... 4211.4. Avancerede muligheder for opstartsindlæseren ........................................................... 42

12. Netværkskonfiguration 4512.1. Netværksenheder ..................................................................................................... 4512.2. Maskinens værtsnavn ............................................................................................... 4612.3. Forskellige indstillinger .............................................................................................. 46

13. Valg af tidszone 4713.1. Vælger en tidszone .................................................................................................. 4713.2. Universel tid koordineret (UTC) ................................................................................. 47

14. Sæt adgangskode for root 49

15. Valg af programmel 5115.1. Installér fra flere datalagre ........................................................................................ 5115.2. Tilret valg af programmel .......................................................................................... 54

15.2.1. Hvis du ombestemmer dig .............................................................................. 5515.2.2. Støtte for andre sprog .................................................................................... 5515.2.3. Kernetjenester for netværket .......................................................................... 55

16. Skal til at installere 57

17. Installér pakker 59

18. Første opstart 6118.1. Licensaftale .............................................................................................................. 6118.2. Brandmur ................................................................................................................. 6218.3. SELinux ................................................................................................................... 6418.4. Dato og tid ............................................................................................................... 6518.5. Systembruger ........................................................................................................... 6718.6. Lydkort ..................................................................................................................... 68

19. Dine næste trin 7119.1. Opdatér dit system ................................................................................................... 7119.2. Subscribing to Fedora Core Announcements and News .............................................. 7219.3. Find dokumentation og få hjælp ................................................................................ 7219.4. Joining the Fedora Core Community .......................................................................... 72

A. Opstartsmuligheder 75A.1. Konfigurér installationsystemet på boot:-prompten ..................................................... 75

A.1.1. Specificér sprog .............................................................................................. 75A.1.2. Konfigurér grænsefladen .................................................................................. 75A.1.3. Specificér installationsmetode .......................................................................... 76A.1.4. Konfigurér netværksindstillinger manuelt ........................................................... 76

A.2. Aktivér fjernadgang til installationssystemet ................................................................. 77A.2.1. Aktivér fjernadgang med VNC .......................................................................... 77A.2.2. Forbind installationssystemet til en VNC-lytter ................................................... 77A.2.3. Aktivér fjernadgang med Telnet ........................................................................ 78

A.3. Logning til et fjernsystem under installationen .............................................................. 78A.3.1. Konfigurerer en lognings-server ........................................................................ 79

A.4. Automatisér installationen med Kickstart ...................................................................... 79A.5. Forbedrer understøttelse for maskinel ......................................................................... 80

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A.5.1. Tilføj maskinelunderstøttelse med drivrutinedisketter .......................................... 81A.5.2. Deaktivér automatisk detektering af maskinel .................................................... 82

A.6. Bruger tilstanden for vedligeholdelse af opstart ............................................................ 83A.6.1. Indlæs tilstand for testning af RAM-hukommelse ............................................... 83A.6.2. Start din maskine op i redningstilstand ............................................................. 83

B. Anden teknisk dokumentation 85

Stikordsregister 87

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Preface

1. DokumentkonventionerDenne manual bruger flere konventioner til at fremhæve visse ord og sætninger og gør opmærksompå specifikke stykker af information.

I PDF og papirversionerne, bruger denne manual skriftsnit tegnet fra Liberation Skrifttype1 sættet.Liberation skrifttypesættet bliver også brugt i HTML-versionerne hvis sættet er installeret på ditsystem. Hvis ikke, vises et alernativt, men tilsvarende skriftsnit. Bemærk: Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5og nyere inkluderer Liberation skrifttypesættet som standard.

1.1. TypografikonventionerDer bruges fire typografikonventioner til at gøre opmærksom på specifikke ord og sætninger. Dissekonventioner, og de omstændigheder de passer til, er som følger.

Fastbredde fed

Bruges til at fremhæve systeminput, som f.eks skalkommandoer, filnavne og stier. Bruges også til atfremhæve versaler og tastekombinationer. For eksempel:

For at se indholdet af filen min_næste_bedstsælgende_roman i dit nuværendearbejdskatalog, indtast cat min_næstebedstsælgende_roman kommandoen i enskal og tryk Enter til at køre kommandoen.

Det ovenstående inkluderer et filnavn, en skalkommando og en versal, alle præsenteret i fastbreddefed og alle kan skelnes, takket være konteksten.

Tastekombinationer kan skelnes fra versaler ved bindestregen der forbinder hver del aftastekombinationen. For eksempel:

Tryk Enter til at køre kommandoen.

Tryk Ctrl+Alt+F1 for at skifte til den første virtuelle terminal. Tryk Ctrl+Alt+F7 forat vende tilbage til din X-Vinduesession.

Den første paragraf fremhæver den særlige versal at trykke på. Den anden fremhæver to sæt af treversaler, hvert sæt trykkes samtidig.

Hvis der diskuteres kildekode, vil klassenavne, metoder, funktioner, variabelnavne og returneredeværdier er nævnt indeni en paragraf, vil de blive præsenteret som ovenfor, i fastbredde fed. Foreksempel:

Filrelaterede klasser inkluderer filsystem for filsystemer, fil for filer, og arkiv forarkiver. Hver klasse har deres eget sæt af rettigheder.

Proportionel fed

Disse betegner ord eller sætninger kan man støde på i et system, deriblandt også programnavne;dialogbokstekster; knapper med etiketter; tjekboks- og radioknapetiketter; menutitler ogundermenutitler. For eksempel:

1 https://fedorahosted.org/liberation-fonts/

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Vælg System → Indstillinger → Mus fra hovedmenuen for at starte Indstillingerfor mus. I Knapper-fanebladet, tryk på Venstrehåndsmus-tjekboksen og tryk Lukfor at skifte den primære museknap fra venstre til højre (gør musen bedre egnet tilvenstrehåndsbrug).

For at indsætte et specielt tegn i en gedit-fil, vælg Programmer → Tilbehør→ Tegnoversigt fra hovedmenuen. Derefter skal du vælge Find → Find fraTegnoversigt-menuen, indtast navnet på tegnet i Find-feltet og tryk Næste. Tegnetdu søgte efter vil blive fremhævet i Tegntabellen. Dobbeltklik på dette fremhævedetegn for at placere det i Tekst at kopiere-feltet og derefter trykke på Kopiér-knappen.

Skift nu tilbage til dit dokument og vælg Redigér → Indsæt fra gedit-menuen.

Ovenstående tekst inkluderer programnavne; globale menunavne og -punkter; programspecifikkemenunavne; og knapper og tekst fundet i en grafisk brugerflade, alt sammen præsenteret iproportionelt fed og alle skelnet af konteksten.

Fastbredde fed kursiv eller Proportionel fed kursiv

Uanset om det er fastbredde fed eller proportionel fed, er tilføjelsen af kursiv tegn på udskiftelig ellervariabel tekst. Kursiv markerer tekst du ikke bogstaveligt skriver ind eller vist tekst der ændrer sig altefter omstændighederne. For eksempel:

For at forbinde til en fjernmaskine ved at bruge ssh, skal du skrive sshbrugernavn@domæne.navn i en skal. Hvis fjernmaskinen er eksempel.dk og ditbrugernavn på maskinen er john, skal du skrive ssh [email protected].

mount -o remount file-system-kommandoen genmonterer det navngivnefilsystem. For eksempel, for at genmontere /home-filsystemet, er kommandoenmount -o remount /home.

For at se versionen af en installeret pakke, skal du bruge rpm -q pakke-kommandoen. Den vil returnere et resultat som følger: pakke-version-udgivelse.

Bemærk at ordene i fed kursiv ovenfor — brugernavn, domæne.navn, filsystem, pakke, version ogudgivelse. Hvert ord er en pladsholder, enten for tekst du indtaster når du kører en kommando eller fortekst vist af systemet.

Bortset fra standardbrug til at præsentere titlen på et arbejde, markerer kursiv første brug af en ny ogvigtig term. For eksempel:

Publican er et DocBook-udgivelsessystem.

1.2. Konventionen for trækcitaterTerminaloutput og kildekodeopremsninger bliver visuelt adskilt fra den omkringsstående tekst.

Output sendt til en terminal er vist i fastbredde roman og præsenteret således:

books Desktop documentation drafts mss photos stuff svnbooks_tests Desktop1 downloads images notes scripts svgs

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Kildekodevisninger er også vist med fastbredde roman, men tilføjer syntaksfremhævning således:

package org.jboss.book.jca.ex1;

import javax.naming.InitialContext;

public class ExClient{ public static void main(String args[]) throws Exception { InitialContext iniCtx = new InitialContext(); Object ref = iniCtx.lookup("EchoBean"); EchoHome home = (EchoHome) ref; Echo echo = home.create();

System.out.println("Created Echo");

System.out.println("Echo.echo('Hello') = " + echo.echo("Hello")); }}

1.3. Noter og advarslerTil sidst, bruger vi tre visuelle stile til at fange opmærksomheden på information der ellers ville bliveoverset.

NoteEn note er et tip, en genvej eller en alternativ tilgang til opgaven. At ignorere en note børikke have nogen negative konsekvenser, men du går måske glip af et trick, der gør dit livnemmere.

VigtigtImportant boxes detail things that are easily missed: configuration changes that onlyapply to the current session, or services that need restarting before an update will apply.Ignoring a box labeled 'Important' won't cause data loss but may cause irritation andfrustration.

AdvarselEn advarsel bør ikke ignoreres. At ignorere advarsler vil højst sandsynligt medføredatatab.

2. Vi har brug for tilbagemeldinger!Hvis du finder en typografisk fejl i denne manual eller du har en idé til at gøre denne manual bedre, vilvi meget gerne høre fra dig! Indsend venligst en rapport i Bugzilla: http://bugzilla.redhat.com/bugzilla/op imod produktet Fedora Documentation.

Når du indsender en fejlrapport skal du huske at nævne manualens-identifikator: install-guide

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Hvis du har et forslag til hvordan dokumentationen kan blive forbedret, så prøv at være så specifiksom mulig, når du beskriver det. Hvis du har fundet en fejl så inkludér venligst sektionsnummeret ognoget af den omgivende tekst, så vi let kan finde det.

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Introduktion

1. About Fedora CoreFedora Core is a complete desktop and server operating system created entirely with open sourcesoftware.

Fedora Core LifecycleFedora Core is a rapidly evolving system which follows the latest technical developments.Fedora Core may not be appropriate for use in business-critical applications in yourorganization.

For complete access to information about Fedora Core, refer to the official project wiki at http://fedoraproject.org/ and Kapitel 19, Dine næste trin.

2. Om denne vejledningThis manual helps you install Fedora Core on desktops, laptops and servers. The installation systemis flexible enough to use even if you have no previous knowledge of Linux or computer networks. Ifyou select default options, Fedora Core provides a complete desktop operating system, includingproductivity applications, Internet utilities, and desktop tools.

Dette dokument beskriver ikke detaljer om alle funktioner i installationssystemet.

3. PåskønnelserMange nyttige kommentarer og forslag blev givet af Rahul Sundaram og Anaconda-holdet. DavidNeimi og Debra Deutsch bidrog med yderligere information om opstartsindlæseren og RAID-konfigurationer. Sektionerne om LVM drog nytte af hjælp fra Bob McKay.

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BaggrundThe Fedora Project, which produces and maintains Fedora Core, is a collaboration between Red Hat,Inc. and thefree and open source software (FOSS) community. The Fedora Project also provides Fedora Extras,additional software packaged for installation on a Fedora Core system.

For more information about the Fedora Project, please visit http://www.fedoraproject.org. Refer tohttp://www.opensource.org/ and http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.html for more information aboutopen source software.

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Forstå i386 og andremaskinearkitekturerThe Fedora Project provides distributions of Fedora Core for several different types of computersystems. Each distribution of Fedora Core is built for computers based on a specific architecture.The architecture describes the processor on which the computer is built. Most computers come withidentifying marks and literature describing the processor inside the computer. Refer to your computer'smarks or literature and find its architecture in the list below:

i386Intel x86-kompatible processorer, inklusive Intel Pentium og Pentium-MMX, Pentium Pro, Pentium-II, Pentium-III, Celeron, Pentium 4, Xeon, Core Duo og Centrino/Centrino Duo; VIA C3/C3-m ogEden/Eden-N; og AMD Athlon, AthlonXP, Duron, AthlonMP, Sempron og Turion

ppcPowerPC processorer, som dem som findes i Apple Power Macintosh, G3, G4 og G5 og IBMpSeries-systemer

x86_6464-bit AMD-processorer som fx Athlon64, Turion64, Opteron; og Intel 64-bit processorer som fxEM64T

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Inden du begynderBefore you install Fedora Core, you need access to:

• boot or installation media (refer to Kapitel 4, Forbereder medie for more information)

• information om din netværkskonfiguration

• a copy of this Installation Guide and the Release Notes for this version of Fedora Core

The Release Notes specify the hardware requirements for Fedora Core 6. They also provide advice onany known problems with particular hardware and software configurations.

The Release Notes are available on the first disc in HTML and plain text format. The latest versions ofthis Installation Guide and the Release Notes are available at http://docs.fedoraproject.org/en-US/.

3.1. LagerpladsA Fedora Core system requires a minimum of 700 MB storage for a command-line system. A desktopsystem with the default applications requires at least 3 GB of storage. You may install multiple copiesof Fedora Core on the same computer.

Configure any RAID functions provided by the mainboard of your computer, or attached controllercards, before you begin the installation process. Fedora Core can automatically detect many RAIDdevices and use any storage they provide.

3.2. NetværkBy default, Fedora Core systems attempt to discover correct connection settings for the attachednetwork usingDynamic Host Configuration Protocol, or DHCP. Your network may include a DHCP provider whichdelivers settings to other systems on demand. The DHCP provider may be a router or wireless accesspoint for the network, or a server.

In some circumstances you may need to provide information about your network during the installationprocess. Refer to Afsnit 3.3, “Installér fra en server eller en webserver” and Afsnit 3.4, “InstallingFedora Core on a Managed Network” for more information.

ModemkonfigurationThe installation system for Fedora Core does not configure modems. If your computer hasa modem, configure the dialing settings after you complete the installation and reboot.

3.3. Installér fra en server eller en webserverYou may install Fedora Core using a mirror, a Web site or network server that provide a copy of thenecessary files. To use a mirror, you need to know:

• navnet på serveren

• netværksprotokollen som bruges for installation (FTP, HTTP eller NFS)

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• søgestien til installationsfilerne på serveren

You may install Fedora Core from your own private mirror, or use one of the public mirrors maintainedby members of the community. To ensure that the connection is as fast and reliable as possible, use aserver that is close to your own geographical location.

The Fedora Project maintains a list of HTTP and FTP public mirrors, sorted by region, at http://fedora.redhat.com/download/mirrors.html. To determine the complete directory path for the installationfiles, add /6/architecture/os/ to the path shown on the web page. If your computer uses theppc architecture, for instance, add /6/ppc/os/ to the path shown.

Byg dit eget spejlRefer to http://fedora.redhat.com/docs/mirror/ for information on how to create your ownFedora Core mirror for either public or private use.

To use a mirror, boot your computer with Fedora Core boot media, and follow the instructions inKapitel 7, Installationsmetoder. Refer to Kapitel 4, Forbereder medie for more information on creatingthe boot media.

Bruger installationsskiverneHvis du starter din maskine op med enten en installations-DVD, eller den førsteinstallations-CD, så skriv linux askmethod på boot:-prompten for at få adgang tilinstallationsmulighederne for server.

If your network includes a server, you may also use PXE (Pre-boot eXecution Environment) to bootyour computer. PXE (also referred to as netboot) is a standard that enables PCs to use files on aserver as a boot device. Fedora Core includes utilities that allow it to function as a PXE server forother computers. You can use this option to install Fedora Core on a PXE-enabled computer entirelyover the network connection, using no physical media at all.

3.4. Installing Fedora Core on a Managed NetworkSome corporate networks include a directory service that manages user accounts for the organization.Fedora Core systems can join a Kerberos, NIS, Hesiod, or Microsoft® Windows® domain as part ofthe installation process. Fedora Core can also use LDAP directories.

Spørg netværksadministratorerAlways consult the administrators before you install a Fedora Core system on an existingnetwork owned by someone besides yourself. They can provide correct network andauthentication settings, and guidance on specific organizational policies and requirements.

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Forbereder medieTo install Fedora Core from discs, you need five installation CDs, or the installation DVD. There areseparate disc sets for each supported architecture.

For instructions to download and prepare this CD or DVD installation media, refer to http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Distribution/Download. If you already have the full set of Fedora Core installationmedia, skip to Afsnit 5.1, “Start op fra CD, DVD eller USB”.

Arkitekturspecifikke distributionerTo install Fedora Core, you must use the boot and installation media that is particularto your architecture. Refer to Kapitel 2, Forstå i386 og andre maskinearkitekturer forinformation on hardware architectures and how to determine the right one for yourcomputer.

You may use the first CD or DVD installation disc from the complete Fedora Core distribution to bootyour computer. The Fedora Core distribution also includes image files for boot-only CD or DVD mediaand USB media. You can convert these files into bootable media using standard Linux utilities or third-party programs on other operating systems.

You may boot your computer with boot-only media, and load the installation system from anothersource to continue the process. The types of installation source for Fedora Core include:

• installationsskiver på CD eller DVD

• disk, enten tilknyttet med USB eller internt i maskinen

• installationsserver på netværket, som bruger HTTP, FTP eller NFS

You can use this facility to install Fedora Core on machines without using installation discs. Forexample, you may install Fedora Core on a laptop with no CD or DVD drive by booting the machinewith a USB pen drive, and then using a hard drive as an installation source.

The supported boot media for Fedora Core include:

• CD eller DVD (enten installationsskive 1 eller en speciel skive kun for opstart)

• USB-medie

• netværksgrænseflade (via PXE)

Installation fra disketterThere is no option to either boot or install Fedora Core from diskettes.

4.1. Forbereder medie på CD eller DVDThe images/boot.iso file on the first Fedora Core installation disc is a boot image designed for CDand DVD media. This file also appears on FTP and Web sites providing Fedora Core. You can alsofind this file on mirror sites in the Fedora Core distribution directory for your particular architecture.

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Kapitel 4. Forbereder medie

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The Fedora Core distribution is also downloadable as a set of CD-sized ISO image files or a singleDVD-sized ISO image file. You can record these files to CD or DVD using a CD or DVD burningprogram on your current operating system:

Windows operativsystemerBurn an ISO image to disc using your installed CD or DVD burning software. Most software hasan option labeled Burn image file to disc or Make disc from ISO image. If your software offersa choice of image formats, choose "ISO image" as the file type. If several ISO formats are offered,choose the closest match to "Mode 1, 2048-byte blocks."

Apple Mac OS XOpen the Disk Utility application, found in the /Applications/Utilities folder. Select

File → Open Disk Image and select the ISO image. From the list of volumes, select the itemrepresenting the ISO image. Select Burn and follow the instructions.

Linux operativsystemerIf you are using a recent version of the GNOME desktop environment, right-click the ISO imagefile and choose Write to disc. If you are using a recent version of the KDE desktop environment,

use K3B and select Tools → Burn CD Image, or Tools → Burn DVD ISO Image if appropriate.The following command line works for many other environments:

cdrecord --device=cdwriter-device -tao -eject image-file.iso

Systemspecifikke instruktionerUnfortunately this guide cannot offer specific instructions for every possible combinationof hardware and software. You can find more information at http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Docs/Drafts/BurningDiscs. Consult your operating system's documentation and onlinesupport services, and Afsnit 19.3, “Find dokumentation og få hjælp” for additional help ifneeded.

4.2. Forbereder media for opstart fra USB

DatatabDenne procedure ødelægger data på dit medie. Tag en sikkerhedskopi på vigtiginformation inden du begynder. En del modeller af USB-media bruger yderligerepartitioner eller programmel for at tilbyde funktioner som kryptering. Denne procedure kangøre det svært eller umuligt at få adgang til disse specielle områder på dit startmedie.

The images/diskboot.img file on the first Fedora Core installation disc is a boot image designedfor USB media. This file also appears on FTP and Web sites providing Fedora Core.

Flere programmeltilbehør findes tilgængelige for Windows og Linux som kan skrive en aftryksfil til enenhed. Linux inkluderer kommandoen dd til dette formål.

Tilbehøret dd kræver at du angiver den enhedsfil som svarer til det fysiske medie. Navnet påenhedsfilen svarer til det tildelte navn på enheden på dit system. Alle enhedsfiler findes i kataloget /

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Forbereder media for opstart fra USB

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dev/. For eksempel /dev/sda betegner den første USB, SATA eller SCSI-enhed som er forbundet tilsystemet.

For at finde navnet som dit system tildeler til medie:

1. Open a terminal window. On a Fedora Core system, choose Applications → Accessories →Terminal to start a terminal.

2. Tilknyt eller indsæt media.

3. I terminalvinduet kan du skrive følgende kommando:

dmesg

Led efter punkter i udskriften fra dmesg som relaterer til opdagelsen af nye SCSI-enheder.Linuxsystemer behandler USB-medie som SCSI-enheder.

Bruger enhedskortlæggerenOn Fedora Core 5 and later systems, it may be easier to find the right device name byexamining the /dev/disk/ directory. Use the command ls -l /dev/disk/by-id/ to see the disk devices collated by model and device name.

4. Unmount the media. On a Fedora Core system, right-click the icon that corresponds to the media,and select Unmount Volume. Alternatively, enter this command in a terminal window:

umount /dev/<device>

Replace <device> with the name of the correct device file for the media.

To write an image file to boot media with dd on a current version of Fedora Core, carry out thefollowing steps:

1. Find aftryksfilen.

2. Tilknyt eller indsæt media.

3. Dit system kan automatisk finde og åbne dit medie. Hvis dette sker, så luk og afmontér dit medieinden du fortsætter.

4. Åbn et terminalvindue.

5. I terminalvinduet kan du skrive følgende kommando:

dd if=diskboot.img of=/dev/<device>

Replace <device> with the name of the correct device file for the media.

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Begynd installationenTo begin installation of Fedora Core, boot the computer from the bootable media. The bootablemedia provides the necessary programs and files to start the installation program. Once you start theinstallation program, you may be able to install from a completely different piece of media. For moreinformation on finding and creating bootable media, refer to Kapitel 4, Forbereder medie.

If you boot from the first installation disc of the Fedora Core distribution, you may choose a differentsource for installation. The default source is the CDs themselves. To change this behavior, enterlinux askmethod at the boot: prompt. If you boot from other media, the installation programalways asks you to choose the installation source.

TheBIOS (Basic Input/Output System) on your computer must support the type of boot media you select.The BIOS controls access to some hardware devices during boot time. Any computer that meets theminimum recommended specification for Fedora Core can boot from a CD or DVD drive with the firstdisc. USB drives and flash media are newer technologies, but many computers can use them as bootmedia. Some network cards and chipsets include support for network booting withPXE. PXE (pronounced "pixie") allows a computer to load boot files from a network server instead ofdirectly-connected hardware.

Hvis du ikke er sikker på hvilke muligheder din maskine har, eller hvordan du konfigurerer BIOS'et, såbrug dokumentationen udgivet af producenten. Detaljeret information om maskinelspecifikationer ogkonfigurationen dækkes ikke af dette dokument.

Afbryd installationenTo abort the installation process at any time before the Installing Packages screen, eitherpress Ctrl+Alt+Del or power off the computer with the power switch. Fedora Coremakes no changes to your computer until package installation begins.

5.1. Start op fra CD, DVD eller USBFor at starte din maskine op:

1. Tænd for maskinen.

2. Isæt den første skive i CD eller DVD-enheden, eller tilslut USB-medie.

3. En opstartskærm vises, med en boot:-prompt ved slutningen.

Opstartsrækkefølge på BIOSThe BIOS contains settings that control the order of boot devices. If your PC boots from adevice other than the Fedora Core boot media, check the BIOS boot configuration.

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Kapitel 5. Begynd installationen

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Figur 5.1. Opstartskærm

If you hit Enter, the installation runs in default mode. In the default mode, the installation uses agraphical interface if possible. If the installation program runs from the Fedora Core installation CD orDVD media, in default mode it uses these media as the installation source. To change the installationmode, at the boot: prompt, type linux followed by one or more of the following options:

• For at installere fra en disk eller netværks-server, tilføj direktivet askmethod.

• For at bruge en tekst-grænseflade, tilføj direktivet text.

• For at forsøge at geninstallere efter installationen blev afbrudt på et tidligt stadium, tilføj direktivetacpi=off. ACPI er ansvarlig for mange forskellige installationsfejl. Hvis du slår ACPI fra, kan dukomme rundt om mange af disse fejl.

Refer to the Release Notes for additional options that may help if you encounter problemswith the installation program. A current copy of the Release Notes is always available at http://docs.fedoraproject.org/en-US/Fedora_Core/6/html/Release_Notes/.

Når du giver en kommando på boot:-prompten, starter det første trin i installationsprogrammet.

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Afprøv medie på CD og DVD

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5.2. Afprøv medie på CD og DVD

Figur 5.2. Skærmen for medietest

Vælg O.k. for at teste skiven, eller vælg Overspring for at fortsætte med installationen uden at testeskiven.

Afprøv skiverAfprøv de skiver som du ikke har testet tidligere. En fejl på skiven underinstallationsprocessen kan tvinge dig at genstarte hele proceduren.

Efter du har testet den første skive kommer en anden skærm til syne og viser resultatet:

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Kapitel 5. Begynd installationen

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Figur 5.3. Resultat for mediekontrol

Vælg OK. Følgende skærm vises:

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Start op fra netværket ved bruge PXE

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Figur 5.4. Skærm for næste skive

Vælg Afprøv for at teste næste skive i sættet eller Fortsæt for at fortsætte med installationen.

Efter du har testet dine skiver og valgt Fortsæt, eller hvis du vælger at overspringe testningen, læsesdet grafiske installationsprogrammet ind.

Opstartsrækkefølge på BIOSThe BIOS contains settings that control the order of boot devices. If your PC boots from adevice other than the Fedora Core boot media, check the BIOS boot configuration.

5.3. Start op fra netværket ved bruge PXETo boot withPXE, you need a properly configured server, and a network interface in your computer that supportsPXE.

Configure the computer to boot from the network interface. This option is in the BIOS, and may belabeled Network Boot or Boot Services. Once you properly configure PXE booting, the computercan boot the Fedora Core installation system without any other media.

For at starte en maskine op fra en PXE-server:

1. Kontrollér at netværkskablet er forbundet. Lænkindikatorlampen på netværksstikket skal lyse,også hvis maskinen ikke er tændt.

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Kapitel 5. Begynd installationen

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2. Tænd for maskinen.

3. En menuskærm vises. Tryk på den nummertast som svarer til den ønskede valgmulighed.

PXE-fejlsøgningHvis din PC ikke starter fra netopstarts-serveren, så kontrollér at BIOS er konfigurerettil at starte op fra den korrekte netværksgrænseflade først. En del BIOS-systemerangiver netværksgrænsefladen som en mulig opstartsenhed men understøtter ikke PXE-standarden. Gå til din maskineldokumentation for mere information.

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Identificerer dit lokale sprogHvis installationssystemet ikke kunne identificere skærmudstyret på din maskine viser dentekstskærme i stedet for den normale grafiske grænseflade. Tekstskærmene har samme funktionersom standardskærmene. Senere i installationsprocessen kan du manuelt specificere dit skærmudstyr.

6.1. SprogvalgThe installation program displays a list of languages supported by Fedora Core.

Figur 6.1. Skærm for sprogvalg

Markér ønsket sprog på listen og vælg Næste.

Installér understøttelse for flere sprogTo select support for additional languages, customize the installation at the packageselection stage. For more information, refer to Afsnit 15.2.2, “Støtte for andre sprog”.

6.2. TastaturkonfigurationThe installation program display a list of the keyboard layouts supported by Fedora Core:

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Kapitel 6. Identificerer dit lokale sprog

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Figur 6.2. Skærm for tastaturkonfiguration

Markér det rigtige layout i listen og vælg Næste.

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InstallationsmetoderYou can install Fedora Core using any of several different methods. You can install from CD or DVDmedia burned from downloaded ISO images, from the ISO images stored on hard disk, or from anetwork using NFS, FTP, or HTTP methods.

If you booted a Fedora Core DVD, or the first installation CD, without the askmethod option,proceed to Afsnit 7.1, “Standardinstallationsmetode”. Otherwise, proceed to Afsnit 7.2, “Alternativeinstallationsmetoder”.

7.1. StandardinstallationsmetodeA default installation runs directly from CD or DVD installation media. The next stage loadsautomatically from the installation media. Proceed to Kapitel 8, Velkomstdialog.

7.2. Alternative installationsmetoderSkærmen for installationmetode nedenfor vises hvis et af følgende er sandt:

1. Du startede installationen med kun-opstart PXE, USB, CD- eller DVD-medie.

2. Du angav askmethod-valget på boot: prompten.

Figur 7.1. Installationsmetode-skærm

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Kapitel 7. Installationsmetoder

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CD/DVD-aktivitetIf you booted with Fedora Core installation Disc 1, the installation program loads its nextstage from that disc. This happens regardless of which installation method you choose,unless you eject the disc before you proceed. The installation program still downloadspackage data from the source you choose.

Even if you booted from alternative media, you can still install Fedora Core from CD or DVD media.Alternately, you can install from ISO images stored on your computer's hard disk, or from a networkserver.

• To install from CD or DVD media, insert a Fedora Core DVD or the first installation CD, select LocalCDROM, and proceed to Kapitel 8, Velkomstdialog.

• To install from ISO images on a hard disk, select Hard drive and proceed to Afsnit 7.3, “Installationfra en disk”.

• To install from a network, using NFS, FTP, or HTTP, proceed to Afsnit 7.4, “TCP/IP-konfiguration forinstallationen”.

7.3. Installation fra en diskOnce you have booted your computer, you may use ISO image files of the Fedora Core discs tocontinue the installation process. The ISO files must be located on a hard drive that is either internalto the computer, or attached to the machine by USB. You can use this option to install Fedora Core oncomputers that have neither a network connection nor CD or DVD drives.

The partition on the hard drive holding the ISO files must be formatted with theext2,ext3 orvfat file system. In Fedora Core, vfat includes a range of file systems, such as FAT-16 and FAT-32,found on most removable media. External hard drives usually contain vfat (FAT-32) file systems.Some Microsoft Windows systems also use vfat file systems on internal hard disk partitions.

Before you begin installation from a hard drive, check the partition type to ensure that Fedora Corecan read it. To check a partition's file system under Windows, use the Disk Management tool. Tocheck a partition's file system under Linux, use the fdisk utility.

Kan ikke installere fra LVM-partitionerDu kan ikke bruge ISO-filer på partitioner styret af LVM (Logical Volume Management).

Hvis du vælger denne mulighed, vises følgende skærm:

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TCP/IP-konfiguration for installationen

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Figur 7.2. Skærm for at vælge partition

Vælg den partition som indeholder ISO-filerne fra listen af tilgængelige partitioner. Navne på interneIDE-enheder begynder med /dev/hd. SATA, SCSI og USB-enhedsnavn begynder med /dev/sd.Hver enhed har sit eget bogstav, for eksempel /dev/hda. Hver partition på en enhed er nummereret,for eksempel /dev/sda1.

Specificér også Katalog som indeholder aftryk. Angiv hele katalogsøgestien til den enhed somindeholder ISO-aftryksfilerne.

Select OK to continue. Proceed with Kapitel 8, Velkomstdialog.

7.4. TCP/IP-konfiguration for installationenThe installation program is network-aware and can use network settings for a number of functions. Forinstance, you can install Fedora Core from a network server using FTP, HTTP, orNFS protocols. You can also instruct the installation program to consult additional software repositorieslater in the process.

Som standard bruger installationsprogrammet DHCP for at automatisk opsætte netværksindstillinger.Hvis du bruger et kabel- eller DSL-modem, ruter, brandmur eller andet netværksudstyr for atkommunikere med Internet, er DHCP en god løsning. I et forretningsmiljø kan du spørge dinenetværksadministratorer om passende indstillinger. Hvis dit netværk ikke har nogen DHCP-server kandu rydde afkrydsningsfeltet kaldet Brug dynamisk IP-konfiguration (DHCP).

Installationsprogrammet understøtter både IPv4 og IPv6. Hvis du ikke er sikker på hvilkenadressemetode dit netværk bruger, er det sikreste at lade begge være aktiverede.

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Kapitel 7. Installationsmetoder

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DHCP-svar tager tidHvis du vælger begge valgene IPv4 og IPv6, kan det tage ekstra tid at tage imodnetværksindstillinger fra DHCP-serveren.

Hvis du vælger en netværksbaseret installation, vises følgende skærm:

Figur 7.3. Konfigurér TCP/IP Dialog

Disse indstillinger gælder kun under installationen. Installations-programmet giver dig mulighed for atkonfigurere de endelige netværksindstillinger senere.

You can install from a Web, FTP, or NFS server either on your local network or, if you are connected,on the Internet. To use a public server, or mirror website, refer to Afsnit 3.3, “Installér fra en server elleren webserver” for information on valid server names and directory paths.

Stor nedhentningIf you are not booting from a Fedora Core DVD or installation CD, a network installationdownloads the main installation program from the network. The graphical installationprogram is over 75 MB in size.

• If you are installing via NFS, proceed to Afsnit 7.5, “Indstillinger for NFS-installation”.

• If you are installing via FTP, proceed to Afsnit 7.6, “Indstillinger for FTP-installation”.

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Indstillinger for NFS-installation

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• If you are installing via HTTP, proceed to Afsnit 7.7, “Indstillinger for HTTP-installation”.

7.5. Indstillinger for NFS-installationFor at installere fra en NFS-server kan du vælge NFS fra menuen Installationsmetode og vælgeO.k.. Følgende skærm vises:

Figur 7.4. Dialog for NFS-indstillinger

Angiv navn eller IP-adresse for NFS serveren og kataloget hvor installationsfilerne findes.

Tilgængelighed af NFS-spejlePublic NFS mirrors are rare due to security concerns with NFS that do not necessarilyapply to FTP or HTTP servers. The Fedora Project does not maintain a list of public NFSmirrors for Fedora Core.

Select OK to continue. Proceed with Kapitel 8, Velkomstdialog.

7.6. Indstillinger for FTP-installationFor at installere fra en FTP-server kan du vælge FTP fra menuen Installationsmetode og vælge O.k..Følgende skærm vises:

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Kapitel 7. Installationsmetoder

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Figur 7.5. Dialog for opsætning af FTP

Enter the name or IP address of the FTP server and the directory where the installation files reside.Refer to Afsnit 3.3, “Installér fra en server eller en webserver” for information on how to locate a FTPmirror and enter its information here.

Dialogen for FTP-tjenestens indstillinger har også et valg Brug ikke-anonym ftp. Hvis din FTP-serverikke tillader anonym adgang, så vælg dette afkrydsningsfelt. Du skal have en konto på FTP-serverenfor at bruge dette valg.

Select OK to continue. If you are using the default, anonymous FTP service, continue with Kapitel 8,Velkomstdialog.

Hvis du bruger ikke-anonym FTP-indlogning, vises følgende skærm:

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Indstillinger for HTTP-installation

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Figur 7.6. Dialog for ikke-anonym FTP-konto

Enter your username and password in the spaces provided. Then select OK to continue. Proceed withKapitel 8, Velkomstdialog.

7.7. Indstillinger for HTTP-installationFor at installere fra en web(HTTP)-server kan du vælge HTTP fra menuen Installationsmetode ogvælge OK. Følgende skærm vises:

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Kapitel 7. Installationsmetoder

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Figur 7.7. Dialog for opsætning af HTTP

Enter the name or IP address of the Web server and the directory where the installation files reside.Refer to Afsnit 3.3, “Installér fra en server eller en webserver” for information on how to locate a Webmirror and enter its information here.

Select OK to continue. Proceed with Kapitel 8, Velkomstdialog.

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VelkomstdialogEfter installationprogrammet indlæser sit næste trin, vises følgende dialog:

Figur 8.1. Velkomstskærm

Installationsskærme kan være forskelligeInstallationsprogrammet kan fortsætte i teksttilstand hvis:

• din maskine har 128 MB hukommelse eller mindre

• du startede op med tekst-muligheden

Skærmene som vises i følgende kapitel er baserede på en standard grafisk installation.Men de fleste funktioner er lignende uanset hvilken installationstilstand man vælger.

Vælg Næste for at fortsætte.

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Opgraderer et eksisterende systemThe installation system automatically detects any existing installation of Fedora Core. The upgradeprocess updates the existing system software with new versions, but does not remove any data fromusers' home directories. The existing partition structure on your hard drives does not change. Yoursystem configuration changes only if a package upgrade demands it. Most package upgrades do notchange system configuration, but rather install an additional configuration file for you to examine later.

9.1. OpgraderingsundersøgelseIf your system contains a Fedora Core or Red Hat Linux installation, the following screen appears:

Figur 9.1. Skærm for opgraderingsundersøgelse

For at opgradere et eksisterende system skal du vælge passende installation fra rullegardinslisten ogvælge Næste.

Manuelt installeret programmelSoftware which you have installed manually on your existing Fedora Core or Red HatLinux system may behave differently after an upgrade. You may need to manuallyrecompile this software after an upgrade to ensure it performs correctly on the updatedsystem.

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Kapitel 9. Opgraderer et eksisterende system

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9.2. Opgradere konfigurationen for opstartsindlæserenYour completed Fedora Core installation must be registered in theboot loader to boot properly. A boot loader is software on your machine that locates and starts theoperating system. Refer to Kapitel 11, Opstartsindlæseren for more information about boot loaders.

Figur 9.2. Skærm for at opgradere opstartsindlæseren

If the existing boot loader was installed by a Linux distribution, the installation system can modify itto load the new Fedora Core system. To update the existing Linux boot loader, select Update bootloader configuration. This is the default behavior when you upgrade an existing Fedora Core or RedHat Linux installation.

GRUB is the standard boot loader for Fedora Core. If your machine uses another boot loader, such asBootMagic™, System Commander™, or the loader installed by Microsoft Windows, then the FedoraCore installation system cannot update it. In this case, select Skip boot loader updating. When theinstallation process completes, refer to the documentation for your product for assistance.

Installér kun en ny opstartsindlæser som en del af en opgraderingsproces hvis du er sikker på atdu vil udskifte den eksisterende opstartsindlæser. Hvis du installerer en ny opstartsindlæser, kan dumåske ikke starte andre operativsystemer på samme maskine førend du har konfigureret den nyeopstartsindlæser. Vælg Opret ny konfiguration for opstartsindlæseren for at fjerne eksisterendeopstartsindlæser og installere GRUB.

Efter at du gjort dit valg så klik på Næste for at fortsætte.

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DiskpartitioneringFedora Core creates and uses several partitions on the available hard drives. You may customize boththe partitions, and how the drives on your system are managed. Afsnit 10.1, “Generel information ompartitioner” explains drive partitions in more detail.

Konfigurér RAID-enhederRAID facilities enable a group, or array, of drives to act as a single device. Configure anyRAID functions provided by the mainboard of your computer, or attached controller cards,before you begin the installation process. Each active RAID array appears as one drivewithin Fedora Core.

On systems with more than one hard drive you may configure Fedora Core to operate several of thedrives as a Linux RAID array without requiring any additional hardware. Linux software RAID arraysare explained in Afsnit 10.2, “Disk Druid”.

Hvis du ombestemmer digInstallationsprocessen ændrer intet i dit system før installationen af pakker begynder. Dukan når som helst bruge Tilbage for at gå tilbage til foregående skærm og ændre dineindstillinger.

Figur 10.1. Skærm for partitioneringsmuligheder

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Kapitel 10. Diskpartitionering

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Feltet på skærmen lister de tilgængelige enheder. Normalt kan installationsprocessen påvirke alleenhederne på din maskine. For at forsikre dig om at specifikke enheder ikke bliver ompartitionerede,kan du rydde afkrydsfeltet ved siden af disse enheder i listen.

The installation process erases any existing Linux partitions on the selected drives, and replacesthem with the default set of partitions for Fedora Core. All other types of partitions remain unchanged.For example, partitions used by Microsoft Windows, and system recovery partitions created by thecomputer manufacturer, are both left intact. You may choose an alternative from the drop-down list:

Remove all partitions on selected drives and create default layoutUndgå denne mulighed, med mindre du vil fjerne alle eksisterende operativsystemer og data påde valgte enheder.

Remove linux partitions on selected drives and create default layoutIf the selected drives have any Linux partitions, this option removes them and installs Fedora Coreinto the resulting free space. This option does not modify partitions assigned to other non-Linuxoperating systems. It does not discriminate, however, between partitions assigned to differentLinux distributions, and will remove all of them.

Use free space on selected drives and create default layoutIf the selected drives have free space that has not been assigned to a partition, this option installsFedora Core into the free space. This option ensures that no existing partition is modified by theinstallation process.

Create custom layoutYou manually specify the partitioning on the selected drives. The next screen enables you toconfigure the drives and partitions for your computer. If you choose this option, Fedora Corecreates no partitions by default.

Select Review and modify partitioning layout to customize the set of partitions that Fedora Corecreates, to configure your system to use drives in RAID arrays, or to modify the boot options for yourcomputer. If you choose one of the alternative partitioning options, this is automatically selected.

Use the Advanced storage options option if:• You want to install Fedora Core to a drive connected through the iSCSI protocol. Select Advanced

storage options, then select Add iSCSI target, then select Add drive. Provide an IP address andthe iSCSI initiator name, and select Add drive.

• Du kan deaktivere en dmraid-enhed som opdagedes ved opstart.

Vælg en partitioneringsmulighed og vælg Næste for at fortsætte.

Næste skærmThe next screen is Network Devices, explained Kapitel 12, Netværkskonfiguration,unless you select an option to customize the partition layout. If you choose to eitherCreate custom layout, or Review and modify partitioning layout, proceed toAfsnit 10.1, “Generel information om partitioner”.

10.1. Generel information om partitionerA Fedora Core system has at least three partitions:

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• En datapartition monteret på /boot

• En datapartition monteret på /

• En swap-partition

Many systems have more partitions than the minimum listed above. Choose partitions based on yourparticular system needs. For example, consider creating a separate /home partition on systems thatstore user data, for the reasons explained in Afsnit 10.1.3, “Opret en partition for /home”.

Hvis du ikke er sikker på hvordan du bedst konfigurerer partioner på din maskine, så acceptér detpartitionslayout som er standard.

The RAM installed in your computer provides a pool of memory for running systems. Linux systemsuseswap partitions to expand this pool, by automatically moving portions of memory between RAM andswap partitions if insufficient RAM is available. In addition, certain power management features storeall of the memory for a suspended system in the available swap partitions. If you manually specify thepartitions on your system, create one swap partition that has more capacity than the computer RAM.

Data partitions provide storage for files. Each data partition has amount point, to indicate the system directory whose contents reside on that partition. A partition withno mount point is not accessible by users. Data not located on any other partition resides in the / (orroot) partition.

Rod og /rootThe / (orroot) partition is the top of the directory structure. The/root (sometimes pronounced "slash-root") directory is the home directory of the useraccount for system administration.

I den minimale konfiguration vist ovenfor:

• All data under kataloget /boot/ findes på partitionen /boot. For eksempel findes filen /boot/grub/grub.conf på partitionen /boot.

• Alle filer uden for partitionen /boot, som /etc/passwd findes på partitionen /.

Underkataloger kan også tildeles til partitioner. En del administratorer opretter både /usr og /usr/local partitioner. I det tilfælde findes filer under /usr/local som /usr/local/bin/foo påpartitionen /usr/local. Andre filer i kataloget /usr/, som /usr/bin/foo findes på partitionen /usr.

If you create many partitions instead of one large / partition, upgrades become easier. Refer to thedescription of Disk Druid's Edit option for more information.

Lad overflødig kapacitet være uallokeretTildel kun lagringskapacitet til partitioner som du behøver umiddelbart Du kan når somhelst allokere fri plads, når du behøver mere plads.

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10.1.1. PartitionstyperEvery partition has apartition type, to indicate the format of thefile system on that partition. The file system enables Linux to organize, search, and retrieve files storedon that partition. Use theext3 file system for data partitions that are not part of LVM, unless you have specific needs thatrequire another type of file system.

10.1.2. Forstå LVMLVM (Logical Volume Management) partitions provide a number of advantages over standardpartitions. LVM partitions are formatted asphysical volumes. One or more physical volumes are combined to form avolume group. Each volume group's total storage is then divided into one or morelogical volumes. The logical volumes function much like standard partitions. They have a file systemtype, such as ext3, and a mount point.

/boot-partitionen og LVMKun et aktivt Linux-system må læse eller skrive til LVM-volymer. På grund af dette skalpartitionen /boot, som initierer dit system, holdes uden for fysiske volymer med LVM.

En administrator kan øge eller mindske størrelse på logiske volymer uden at ødelægge data, imodsætning til standardpartitioner. Hvis fysiske volymer i en volymgruppe findes på separate enhedereller i ordnede lister af RAID-enheder, så kan administratorer også sprede en logisk volym overlagerenheder.

Du kan tabe data hvis du krymper en logisk volym til en mindre kapacitet end hvad data på volymenkræver. For at garantere maksimal fleksibilitet kan du oprette logiske volymer som opfylder dinenuværende behov og lade overflødig plads uallokeret. Du kan på sikker måde øge pladsen på logiskevolymer ved at bruge uallokeret plads, som dine behov kræver det.

LVM og standardpartitionslayoutetSom standard opretter installationsprocessen data og swappartitioner på LVM-volymer,med en separat partition kaldet /boot.

10.1.3. Opret en partition for /homeIf you expect that you or other users will store data on the system, create a separate partition for the /home directory within a volume group. With a separate /home partition, you may upgrade or reinstallFedora Core without erasing user data files. LVM provides you with the ability to add more storagecapacity for the user data at a later time.

10.2. Disk DruidDisk Druid is an interactive program for editing disk partitions. Users run it only within the FedoraCore installation system. Disk Druid enables you to configureLinux software RAID and

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LVM to provide more extensible and reliable data storage.

Ændr standardlayoutet for LVMThe default layout pools all of the available storage into a single LVM physical volume,with one LVM logical volume for the system. To make capacity available for additionalpartitions, Edit the logical volume with the mount point /, and reduce it's size asnecessary.

Figur 10.2. Skærm for diskindstillinger

Disk Druid viser følgende handlinger i installationsprogrammet:

NewSelect this option to add a partitionor LVM physical volume to the disk. In the Add partition dialog, choose a mount point and apartition type. If you have more than one disk on the system, choose which disks the partition mayinhabit. Indicate a size in megabytes for the partition.

Ugyldige partitionerThe /bin/, /dev/, /etc/, /lib/, /proc/, /root/, and /sbin/ directories maynot be used for separate partitions in Disk Druid. These directories reside on the/ (root) partition.

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Partitionen /boot må ikke ligge på en LVM volymgruppe. Opret partitionen /bootinden du konfigurerer nogen volymgrupper.

Du kan også vælge mellem tre muligheder for at vælge størrelse på din partition:

Fixed sizeBrug en fast størrelse så nær på din indgang som muligt.

Fill all space up toØg partitionen til en maksimal størrelse som du vælger selv.

Fill to maximum allowable sizeØg partitionen til den fylder resten af de valgte diske.

PartitionsstørrelserDen faktiske partition på disken kan være lidt mindre eller større end dit valg.Problemer med diskgeometri giver denne effekt og er ikke en fejl i programmet.

Efter du indtastede detaljerne for din partition, kan du vælge O.k. for at fortsætte.

EditSelect this option to edit an existing partition,LVM volume group, or an LVM physical volume that is not yet part of a volume group. To changethe size of a LVM physical volume partition, first remove it from any volume groups.

Fjern fysiske volymer for LVMHvis du fjerner en fysisk volym for LVM fra en volymgruppe, så fjerner du alle logiskevolymer som den indeholder.

redigér en partition for at ændre dens størrelse, monteringspunkt eller filsystemstype. Brug dennefunktion for at:

• rette en fejl ved opsætningen af dine partitioner

• migrate Linux partitions if you are upgrading or reinstalling Fedora Core

• lave et monteringspunkt for ikke-Linux-partitioner som bruges på en del Windows-operativsystemer

Windows-partitionerYou may not label Windows partitions that use theNTFS file system with a mount point in the Fedora Core installer. You may labelvfat (FAT16 or FAT32) partitions with a mount point.

Hvis du behøver at lave drastiske ændringer til din partitionskonfiguration, skal du måske fjernepartitionerne og begynde forfra. Hvis din disk indeholder data du vil gemme, skal du tage en

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sikkerhedskopi inden du begynder at ændre nogen partitioner. Hvis du ændrer størrelsen på enpartition, kan du tabe alle data på den.

If your system contains many separate partitions for system and user data, it is easier to upgradeyour system. The installation program allows you to erase or retain data on specific partitions. Ifyour user data is on a separate/home partition, you can retain that data while erasing system partitions such as /boot.

DeleteSelect this option to erase an existing partitionor LVM physical volume. To delete an LVM physical volume, first delete any volume groups ofwhich that physical volume is a member.

Hvis du laver en fejl, så brug knappen Genskab for at fortryde alle ændringer du gjort.

ResetVælg denne mulighed for at få Disk Druid til at kassere alle gjorte ændringer i diskpartitionerne.

RAIDSelect this option to set up software RAIDon your Fedora Core system.

Create a software RAID partitionVælg denne mulighed for at tilføje en partition for programmel-RAID. Denne mulighed er deneneste tilgængelige mulighed hvis din disk ikke indeholder nogen partitioner med programmel-RAID.

Create a RAID deviceVælg denne mulighed for at oprette en RAID-enhed fra to eller flere eksisterende partitionermed programmel-RAID. Denne mulighed er tilgængelig hvis to eller flere partitioner medprogrammel-RAID er konfigureret.

Clone a drive to create a RAID deviceVælg denne mulighed for at opsætte et RAID-spejl af en eksisterende disk. Denne muligheder tilgængelig hvis to eller flere diske er koblet op til systemet.

LVMSelect this option to set up LVMon your Fedora Core system. First create at least one partition or software RAID device as an LVMphysical volume, using the New dialog.

For at tildele en eller flere fysiske volymer til en volymgruppe, skal du først tildele volymgruppenet navn. Vælg dernæst de fysiske volymer som skal bruges i volymgruppen. Til slut skal dukonfigurere logiske volymer på eventuelle volymgrupper ved at bruge valgmulighederne Tilføj,Redigér og Fjern.

You may not remove a physical volume from a volume group if doing so would leave insufficientspace for that group's logical volumes. Take for example a volume group made up of two 5 GBLVM physical volume partitions, which contains an 8 GB logical volume. The installer would notallow you to remove either of the component physical volumes, since that would leave only 5GB in the group for an 8 GB logical volume. If you reduce the total size of any logical volumesappropriately, you may then remove a physical volume from the volume group. In the example,

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reducing the size of the logical volume to 4 GB would allow you to remove one of the 5 GBphysical volumes.

LVM ikke tilgængelig i tekst-installeringerLVM initial set up is not available in a text-mode installation. The installer allows youto edit pre-configured LVM volumes. If you need to create an LVM configuration fromscratch, hit Alt+F2 to use the terminal, and run the lvm command. To return to thetext-mode installation, hit Alt+F1.

Efter du har færdiggjort opsætningen og efterset din partitionskonfiguration, kan du vælge Næste forat fortsætte installationsprocessen.

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OpstartsindlæserenA boot loader is a small program that reads and launches the operating system. Fedora Core uses theGRUB boot loader by default. If you have multiple operating systems, the boot loader determineswhich one to boot, usually by offering a menu.

You may have a boot loader installed on your system already. An operating system may install its ownpreferred boot loader, or you may have installed a third-party boot loader.If your boot loader does notrecognize Linux partitions, you may not be able to boot Fedora Core. Use GRUB as your boot loaderto boot Linux and most other operating systems. Follow the directions in this chapter to install GRUB.

Installér GRUBHvis du installerer GRUB kan det overskrive din eksisterende opstartsindlæser.

Følgende skærm viser konfigurationsmulighederne for opstartsindlæseren.

Figur 11.1. Skærm for konfiguration af opstartsindlæseren

11.1. Behold dine eksisterende indstillinger foropstartsindlæserenBy default, the installation program installs GRUB in the master boot record,

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or MBR, of the device for the root file system. To decline installation of a new boot loader, select Noboot loader will be installed.

Opstartsindlæser krævesDin maskine skal have GRUB eller en andet opstartsindlæser installeret for at starte op,med mindre du opretter en startsdiskette at starte op fra.

You may need to customize the GRUB installation to correctly support some hardware or systemconfigurations. To specify compatibility settings, select Configure advanced boot loader options.This causes a second screen of options to appear when you choose Next. Afsnit 11.4, “Avanceredemuligheder for opstartsindlæseren” explains the features of the additional screen.

11.2. Opstart af flere operativsystemerIf you have other operating systems already installed, Fedora Core attempts to automatically detectand configure GRUB to boot them. You may manually configure any additional operating systems ifGRUB does not detect them. To add, remove, or change the detected operating system settings, usethe options provided.

AddPress the Add button to include an additional operating system in GRUB. Fedora Core displaysthe dialog shown in Figur 11.2, “Tilføj operativsystemer til opstartsmenuen”.

Vælg den diskpartition som indeholder det opstartbare operativsystem fra listen og giv indgangenet navn. GRUB viser dette navn i sin opstartsmenu.

EditFor at ændre en indgang i opstartsmenuen i GRUB, så vælg indgangen og vælg dernæstRedigér.

DeleteFor at fjerne en indgang fra opstartsmenuen i GRUB kan du vælge indgangen og dernæst vælgFjern.

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Figur 11.2. Tilføj operativsystemer til opstartsmenuen

11.3. Sæt en adgangskode for opstartsindlæserenGRUB læser mange filsystemer uden hjælp fra et operativsystem. En operatør kan afbrydeopstartsekvensen for at vælge et andet operativsystem at starte op, ændre opstartsflag ellergenetablere efter en systemfejl. Men disse funktioner kan introducere alvorlige sikkerhedsrisici i en delmiljøer. Du kan tilføje en adgangskode for GRUB så operatøren skal indtaste en adgangskode for atkunne afbryde den normale opstartsekvens.

GRUB-adgangskode kræves ikkeYou may not require a GRUB password if your system only has trusted operators, or isphysically secured with controlled console access. However, if an untrusted person canget physical access to your computer's keyboard and monitor, that person can reboot thesystem and access GRUB. A password is helpful in this case.

For at sætte en opstartsadgangskode skal du vælge afkrydsningsfeltet Brug en adgangskode foropstartsindlæseren. Knappen Ændr adgangskode bliver aktiv. Vælg Ændr adgangskode forat vise dialogen nedenfor. Angiv ønsket adgangskode og verificér den ved at skrive den igen i detangivne felt.

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Vælg en god adgangskodeVælg en adgangskode som er let for dig at huske men svært for andre at gætte.

11.3.1. Glemte adgangskoder for GRUBGRUB stores the password in encrypted form, so it cannot be read or recovered. If you forget theboot password, boot the system normally and then change the password entry in the /boot/grub/grub.conf file. If you cannot boot, you may be able to use the "rescue" mode on the first FedoraCore installation disc to reset the GRUB password.

Hvis du har brug for at ændre adgangskoden for GRUB, så brug tilbehøret grub-md5-crypt. Forinformation om hvordan du kan bruge dette tilbehør, brug kommandoen man grub-md5-crypt i etterminalvindue for at læse manualsiderne.

11.4. Avancerede muligheder for opstartsindlæserenThe default boot options are adequate for most situations. The installation program writes the GRUBboot loader in themaster boot record (MBR), overwriting any existing boot loader.

Du kan beholde den eksisterende opstartsindlæser i MBR og installere GRUB som sekundæropstartsindlæser. Hvis du vælger denne mulighed, skriver installationsprogrammet GRUB ud på førstesektor på Linux partitionen /boot.

GRUB som sekundær opstartsindlæserHvis du installerer GRUB som en sekundær opstartsindlæser, skal du omkonfigurere dinprimære opstartsindlæser hver gang du installerer og starter op med en ny kerne. Kernenfor et operativsystem som Microsoft Windows starter ikke op på samme måde. De flestebrugere bruger derfor GRUB som den primære opstartsindlæseren på et system med flereoperativsystemer installerede.

You may also need the advanced options if your BIOS enumerates your drives or RAID arraysdifferently than Fedora Core expects. If necessary, use the Change Drive Order dialog to set theorder of the devices in Fedora Core to match your BIOS.

On a few systems, Fedora Core may not configure the disk drive geometry for large disks correctlybecause of limitations within the BIOS. To work around this problem, mark the Force LBA32 checkbox.

Linux-kernen auto-detekterer oftest sit miljø korrekt og ingen yderligere kerneparametre behøves.Men du kan angive de kerneparametre som behøves ved at bruge de avancerede muligheder foropstartsindlæseren.

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KerneparametreFor a partial list of the kernel command line parameters, type the following command ina terminal window: man bootparam. For a comprehensive and authoritative list, refer tothe documentation provided in the kernel sources.

To alter any of these settings, mark the Configure advanced boot loader options check box. SelectNext and the menu shown in Figur 11.3, “Muligheder for avanceret opstart” appears.

Valgfri menuFedora Core displays the following advanced boot options menu only if the advancedconfiguration check box described above has been selected.

Figur 11.3. Muligheder for avanceret opstart

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NetværkskonfigurationUse this screen to customize the network settings of your Fedora Core system.

Manual network configuration of a Fedora Core system is often not required. Many networks have aDHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) service that automatically supplies connected systemswith configuration data. By default, Fedora Core activates all network interfaces on your computer andconfigures them to use DHCP.

Figur 12.1. Skærm for netværkskonfiguration

12.1. NetværksenhederFedora Core displays a list of network interfaces detected on your computer. Each interface must havea unique IP addresson the network to which it is attached. The interface may receive this address from the networkDHCP service.

To manually assign an IP address, highlight the interface on the Network Device list and select Edit.Fedora Core then displays a network configuration dialog. Deselect the Configure using DHCP checkbox, so that it is empty. Enter the IP Address and the appropriate Netmask for the interface. Thenselect OK.

Hvis du din maskine skal være en server, så brug ikke DHCP. Konfigurér netværket manuelt i stedet.Manuel netværkskonfiguration tillader din server at koble op til lokalnetværk selv om DHCP-serverener nede.

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Angiv om en grænseflade skal aktiveres automatisk ved start med afkrydsningsfeltet Aktivér ved startfor denne enhed. Du kan manuelt aktivere en netværkgrænseflade når som helst efter systemet erstartes op.

ModemkonfigurationThe Network Configuration screen does not listmodems. Configure these devices after installation with the Network utility. The settingsfor your modem are specific to your particular Internet Service Provider (ISP).

12.2. Maskinens værtsnavnOn some networks, the DHCP provider also provides the name of the computer, orhostname. To specify the hostname, select Manual and type the complete name in the box. Thecomplete hostname includes both the name of the machine and the name of the domain of whichit is a member, such as machine1.example.com. The machine name (or "short hostname") ismachine1, and thedomain name is example.com.

Gyldige værtsnavneDu kan kalde dit system hvilket som helst navn så længe hele værtsnavnet er unikt.Værtsnavnet må indeholde bokstaver, cifre og bindestreg.

12.3. Forskellige indstillingerFor at manuelt konfigurere en netværksgrænseflade kan du også angive andre netværksindstillingerfor din maskine. Alle disse indstillinger er IP-adresser på andre systemer på netværket.

A gatewayis the device that provides access to other networks. Gateways are also referred to asrouters. If your system connects to other networks through a gateway, enter its IP address in theGateway box.

Most software relies on theDNS (Domain Name Service) provider to locate machines and services on the network. DNS convertshostnames to IP addresses and vice versa. A Fedora Core system may use more than one DNSserver. If the primary DNS server does not respond, the computer sends any query to the secondaryDNS server, and so on. To assign DNS servers, type their IP addresses into the Primary, Secondary,or Tertiary DNS Server boxes.

Klik Næste når du er tilfreds med netværksindstillingerne for dit system.

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Valg af tidszoneThis screen allows you to specify the correct time zone for the location of your computer. Specify atime zone even if you plan to useNTP (Network Time Protocol) to maintain the accuracy of the system clock.

13.1. Vælger en tidszoneFedora Core displays on the screen two methods for selecting the time zone.

Figur 13.1. Skærm for valg af tidszone

Brug kartet for at vælge en tidszone, placér først musepegeren over din region på kartet. Klik én gangfor at forstørre regionen på kartet. Vælg derefter den gule prik som er nærmest ved hvor du befinderdig. Når du har valgt en prik, så bliver den rød X for at vise dit valg.

For at vælge en tidszone ved at bruge listen så vælg det navn på den by der er nærmest ved hvor duer. Byerne vises i alfabetisk rækkefølge.

13.2. Universel tid koordineret (UTC)Universal Co-ordinated Time is also known asGreenwich Mean Time (GMT).

If Fedora Core is the only operating system on your computer, select System clock uses UTC. Thesystem clock is a piece of hardware on your computer system. Fedora Core uses the timezone setting

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to determine the offset between the local time and UTC on the system clock. This behavior is standardfor UNIX-like operating systems.

Windows og systemuretDo not enable the System clock uses UTC option if your machine also runs MicrosoftWindows. Microsoft operating systems change the BIOS clock to match local time ratherthan UTC. This may cause unexpected behavior under Fedora Core.

Vælg Næste for at fortsætte.

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Sæt adgangskode for rootFedora Core uses a special account namedroot for system administration. The root account on a Linux system is not subject to most normalaccount restrictions. As the system owner or administrator, you may sometimes require specialprivileges to configure or modify the system. In those cases, use the root account.

Bruger root-kontoenAvoid logging in to Fedora Core as root when possible. Any administration tools whichrequire root privileges will prompt you for the password.

The Fedora Core installation program requires the root password to be at least six characters long.Because the root account may potentially control any part of the system, use the following guidelinesto create a good password:

• Brug en kombination af store og små bogstaver, cifre, tegnsætningstegn og andre tegn.

• Brug ikke et ord eller navn. Skjul ordet eller navnet med erstatningstegn hjælper ikke.

• Brug ikke samme adgangskode for mere end ét system.

Følgende er eksempel på gode adgangskoder:

• f9*@1Ls99A

• HL8$391%%rb

• Iwtb,10^th

Enter the root password into the Root Password field. Fedora Core displays the characters asasterisks for security. Type the same password into the Confirm field to ensure it is set correctly.

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Figur 14.1. Skærm til at sætte adgangskode for root

Efter at du satte adgangskoden for root skal du vælge Næste for at fortsætte.

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Valg af programmelBy default, the Fedora Core installation process loads a selection of software that is suitable for adesktop system.

Figur 15.1. Skærmen for valg af opgaver

For at inkludere eller fjerne programmel for almindelige opgaver kan du vælge de relevante ting fralisten:

Kontor og produktivitetDette valg installerer produktivitetssviten OpenOffice.org, projektlederprogrammet Planner,grafiske værktøjer som GIMP og multimedieprogrammer.

ProgramudviklingThis option provides the necessary tools to compile software on your Fedora Core system.

WebserverDette valg installerer webserveren Apache.

15.1. Installér fra flere datalagreYou can define additional repositories to increase the software available to your system duringinstallation. A repository is a network location that stores software packages along with metadata thatdescribes them. Many of the software packages used in Fedora Core require other software to be

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installed. The installer uses the metadata to ensure that these requirements are met for every piece ofsoftware you select for installation.

The Fedora Extras software repository contains thousands of additional packages you can add atinstallation time if desired. To add the Fedora Extras software repository to the installation program,select Fedora Extras from the repository listing. Fedora Extras is already defined in the installationprogram and requires no further input. For more information about Fedora Extras, refer to the ReleaseNotes or http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Extras.

Fedora Extras og NetværkskonnektivitetFedora Extras datalager-valget er tilgængelig hvis din maskine har en forbindelse tilinternettet.

To include software from repositories other than Fedora Core and Fedora Extras, select Addadditional software repositories. The following list includes examples of ways you can use thisoption.

• Hent det seneste programmel for FedoraHvis du angiver adressen på et datalager med opdateringer for Fedora Core, vil dit system have deseneste versioner af Core-programmellet. Du behøver ikke udføre en systemopgradering direkteefter en installation for at få disse opdateringer. Denne brug er perfekt hvis du installerer via Interneteller et netværk hvor båndbredden er begrænset.

Opgraderinger og opdateringerPackage updates during the release cycle of a single verison of Fedora Core areintended to upgrade only that version. If you are upgrading a previous version of FedoraCore, you may encounter problems if you include an update repository during this step.Problems are less likely when performing a fresh installation.

• Installér programmel fra tredjepartDu kan angive placeringen for et datalager med programmel fra tredjepart. Afhængigt afkonfigurationen på dette datalager kan du under installationen vælge programmel som ikke er fraFedora.

Hvis du vælger Tilføj flere programdatalagre, vises følgende dialog:

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Figur 15.2. Skærm for tilføjelse af datalager

Angiv et navn for datalagret og URL for dets placering. Her er nogen URL'er på lister med særligedatalagerspejle med programmel for Fedora.

• Fedora Core Updates - http://fedora.redhat.com/download/mirrors/updates-released-fc6

• Fedora Extras - http://fedora.redhat.com/download/mirrors/fedora-extras-6

The URLs above provide a list of actual mirrors. You cannot use them verbatim in the Add repositorydialog. Visit the URL for a list of actual repository locations. If you see the text $ARCH in the URL,substitute your system's architecture. See Kapitel 2, Forstå i386 og andre maskinearkitekturer formore information on architectures.

Once you provide information for an additional repository, the installer reads the package metadataover the network. Software that is specially marked is then included in the package group selectionsystem. See Afsnit 15.2, “Tilret valg af programmel” for more information on selecting packages.

At gå tilbage sletter data om de tilføjede datalagreHvis du vælger Tilbage fra pakkevalgsskærmen, så taber du de ekstra datalagre du harangivet. Dette tillader dig at effektivt at kassere ekstra datalagre. I øjeblikket findes deringen måde at fjerne kun et enkelt datalager når du har indtastet det.

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15.2. Tilret valg af programmelVælg Tilret nu for at angive programpakkerne til dit endelige system mere detaljeret. Dette valgbevirker at installationsprocessen viser endnu en tilpasningsskærm når du vælger Næste.

Installér støtte for andre sprogSelect Customize now to install support for additional languages. Refer to Afsnit 15.2.2,“Støtte for andre sprog” for more information on configuring language support.

Fedora Core divides the included software intopackage groups. For ease of use, the package selection screen displays these groups as sixcategories:

Figur 15.3. Skærm for valg af pakkegruppe

For at se pakkegruppen for en kategori kan du vælge kategorien fra listen på venstre side. Listen påhøjre side viser pakkegrupper for den kategori som er valgt i øjeblikket.

For at angive en pakkegruppe for installation kan du vælge afkrydsningsfeltet ved siden af gruppen.Feltet på bunden af skærmen viser detaljerne for pakkegruppen som er markeret i øjeblikket. Ingen afpakkerne fra en gruppe vil blive installeret med mindre afkrydsningsfeltet for den gruppe er valgt.

If you select a package group, Fedora Core automatically installs the base and mandatory packagesfor that group. To change which optional packages within a selected group will be installed, select the

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Optional Packages button under the description of the group. Then use the check box next to anindividual package name to change its selection.

Figur 15.4. Dialog for pakkegruppedetaljer

After you choose the desired packages, select Next to proceed. Fedora Core checks your selection,and automatically adds any extra packages required to use the software you select.

15.2.1. Hvis du ombestemmer digThe packages that you select are not permanent. After you boot your system, use the pirut tool toeither install new software or remove installed packages. To run this tool, from the main menu, select

Applications → Add/Remove Software. The Fedora Core software management system downloadsthe latest packages from network servers, rather than using those on the installation discs.

15.2.2. Støtte for andre sprogYour Fedora Core system automatically supports the language that you selected at the start of theinstallation process. To include support for additional languages, select the package group for thoselanguages from the Languages category.

15.2.3. Kernetjenester for netværketAlle installationer med Fedora Core inkluderer følgende netværkstjenester:

• centraliseret logning via syslog

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• e-post ved SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol)

• netværksfildeling ved NFS (Network File System)

• fjernadgang ved SSH (Secure SHell)

• resurseannoncering ved mDNS (multicast DNS)

Standardinstallationen har også:

• filoverførsler over netværket ved HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol)

• udskrift med CUPS (Common UNIX Printing System)

• fjernadgang til skrivebordet via VNC (Virtual Network Computing)

Some automated processes on your Fedora system use the email service to send reports andmessages to the system administrator. By default, the email, logging, and printing services do notaccept connections from other systems. Fedora Core installs the NFS sharing, HTTP, and VNCcomponents without enabling those services.

Du kan konfigurere dit Fedora-system efter installationen til at tilbyde tjenester for e-post, fildeling,logning, udskrift og fjernadgang til skrivebordet. SSH-tjenesten er aktiveret som standard. Du kanbruge NFS for at få adgang til filer på andre systemer uden at aktivere fildelingstjenesten NFS.

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Skal til at installereNo changes are made to your computer until you click the Next button. If you abort the installationprocess after that point, the Fedora Core system will be incomplete and unusable. To return toprevious screens to make different choices, select Back. To abort the installation, turn off thecomputer.

Afbryder installationIn certain situations, you may be unable to return to previous screens. Fedora Corenotifies you of this restriction and allows you to abort the installation program. You mayreboot with the installation media to start over.

Figur 16.1. Ved at installere Screen

Klik Næste for at begynde installationen.

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Installér pakkerFedora Core reports the installation progress on the screen as it writes the selected packages toyour system. Network and DVD installations require no further action. If you are using CDs to install,Fedora Core prompts you to change discs periodically. After you insert a disc, select OK to resume theinstallation.

Figur 17.1. Skærm for at installere pakker

After installation completes, select Reboot to restart your computer. Fedora Core ejects any loadeddiscs before the computer reboots.

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Første opstartTheSetup Agent launches the first time that you start a new Fedora Core system. Use Setup Agent toconfigure the system for use before you log in.

Figur 18.1. Velkomstskærm

Vælg Næste for at starte Konfigurationsagenten.

Grafisk grænseflade krævesSetup Agent requires a graphical interface. If you did not install one, or if Fedora Corehas trouble starting it, you may see a slightly different setup screen.

18.1. LicensaftaleThis screen displays the overall licensing terms for Fedora Core. Each software package in FedoraCore is covered by its own license which has been approved by theOpen Source Initiative (OSI). For more information about the OSI, refer to http://www.opensource.org/.

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Figur 18.2. Skærm for licensaftale

For at fortsætte skal du vælge Ja, jeg godkender licensaftalen og dernæst vælge Næste.

18.2. BrandmurThefirewall built into Fedora Core checks every incoming and outgoing network connection on yourmachine against a set of rules. These rules specify which types of connections are permitted andwhich are denied.

By default the firewall is enabled, with a simple set of rules that allow connections to be made fromyour system to others, but permit only network browsing andSSH (Secure SHell) connections from other systems. You may make changes on this screen to allowaccess to specific network services on your Fedora Core system.

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Figur 18.3. Skærm for brandmur

For at aktivere adgang til de tjenester som listes på skærmen kan du klikke på afkrydsningsfeltet vedsiden af navnet på tjenesten.

SSH giver umiddelbar fjernadgangAll Fedora Core systems automatically run the SSH remote access service, and thedefault firewall configuration allows connections to this service. The default configurationensures that administrators have immediate remote access to new systems through theuser and root accounts.

For at aktivere andre tjenester så vælg Andre porte og Tilføj detaljerne. Brug feltet Porte for atspecificere enten portnumret eller det registrerede navn på tjenesten. Vælg en relevant Protokol fralisten. De fleste tjenester bruger protokollen TCP.

TjenestelistenFilen /etc/services lister portnummer og navn på de tjenester som er registrerede afInternet Assigned Names Authority (IANA).

Hvis en tjeneste bruger mere end ét portnummer, så angiv hver port. For eksempel giver en IMAP-tjeneste brugere adgang til deres e-post fra andre systemer med enten på TCP-port 143. For at tilladeIMAP-forbindelser til dit system kan du tilføje imap eller portnummer 143.

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Undgå at deaktivere brandmuren. Hvis du synes at det er nødvendigt at du gør det så vælg Ingenbrandmur.

Ændr brandmursindstillingerTo change these settings later, choose System → Administration → Security Level andFirewall.

18.3. SELinux

Figur 18.4. Skærm for SELinux

TheSELinux (Security Enhanced Linux) framework is part of Fedora Core. SELinux limits the actions ofboth users and programs by enforcing security policies throughout the operating system. WithoutSELinux, software bugs or configuration changes may render a system more vulnerable. Therestrictions imposed by SELinux policies provide extra security against unauthorized access.

Inflexible SELinux policies might inhibit many normal activities on a Fedora Core system. For thisreason, Fedora Core uses targeted policies, which only affect specific network services. Theseservices cannot perform actions that are not part of their normal functions. The targeted policiesreduce or eliminate any inconvenience SELinux might cause users. Set the SELinux mode to one ofthe following:

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EnforcingSelect this mode to use the targeted SELinux policy on your Fedora Core system. This is thedefault mode for Fedora Core installations.

PermissiveI denne tilstand er systemet konfigureret med SELinux, men et brud på sikkerhedspolicy'enbevirker kun at en fejlmeddelelse skrives ud. Ingen aktiviteter er forbudt når SELinux er installeret idente tilstand. Du kan ændre SELinux-tilstanden til Håndhævende når som helst efter opstart.

DisabledIf you choose this mode for SELinux, Fedora Core does not configure the access control system

at all. To make SELinux active later, select System → Administration → Security Level andFirewall.

For at tilpasse SELinux kan du vælge Ændr SELinux policy. For at udelukke en nøgletjenestefra SELinux-restriktioner, så vælg tjenesten fra listen og vælg muligheden Deaktivér SELinux-beskyttelse. Punktet SELinux-tjenestebeskyttelse på listen inkluderer muligheden for at deaktivereSELinux-restriktioner på yderligere tjenester.

Ændr SELinux policySELinux is unique in that it cannot be bypassed, even by the system administrators. To

change the behavior of SELinux after installation, choose System → Administration →Security Level and Firewall.

For more information about SELinux, refer to the SELinux FAQ at http://fedora.redhat.com/docs/selinux-faq/.

18.4. Dato og tidIf your system does not have Internet access or a network time server, manually set the date and timefor your system on this screen. Otherwise, useNTP (Network Time Protocol) servers to maintain the accuracy of the clock. NTP provides timesynchronization service to computers on the same network. The Internet contains many computersthat offer public NTP services.

Den første skærm giver dig mulighed for at sætte dato og tid manuelt på dit system.

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Figur 18.5. Skærm for dato og tid, lokalt ur

Vælg fanen Netværkstidprotokol for at konfigurere dit system til at bruge NTP-servere i stedet.

Sæt uretTo change these settings later, choose System → Administration → Date & Time.

For at konfigurere dit system til at bruge netværkstidsservere kan du vælge muligheden Aktivérprotokol for netværkstid. Denne mulighed deaktiverer indstillingen på fanen Dato og tid og aktivererde andre indstillinger på denne skærm.

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Figur 18.6. Skærm for dato og tid, netværkstid

By default, Fedora Core is configured to use three separate groups, or pools, of time servers. Timeserver pools create redundancy, so if one time server is unavailable, your system synchronizes withanother server.

For at bruge endnu en tidsserver, så vælg Tilføj og angive DNS-navnet på serveren i den rutan. For atfjerne en server eller serverpool fra listen, vælg navnet og klikke Fjern.

Hvis maskinuret i din maskine er meget upræcist, kan du lukke den lokale tidskilde helt af. For at lukkeden lokale tidskilde af, så vælg Vis avancerede muligheder og afmarkér dernæst muligheden Bruglokal tidskilde. Hvis du lukker din lokale tidskilde, tager NTP-serverne prioritet over det interne ur.

If you enable the Enable NTP Broadcast advanced option, Fedora Core attempts to automaticallylocate time servers on the network.

18.5. SystembrugerCreate a user account for yourself with this screen. Always use this account to log in to your FedoraCore system, rather than using the root account.

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Figur 18.7. Skærm for systembruger

Enter a user name and your full name, and then enter your chosen password. Type your passwordonce more in the Confirm Password box to ensure that it is correct. Refer to Kapitel 14, Sætadgangskode for root for guidelines on selecting a secure password.

Opret ekstra brugerkontiTo add additional user accounts to your system after the installation is complete, choose

System → Administration → Users & Groups.

To configure Fedora Core to use network services for authentication or user information, select UseNetwork Login....

18.6. LydkortKonfigurationsagenten forsøger automatisk identificere lydkortet på din maskine.

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Figur 18.8. Lydkortsskærm

Click the play button to check the sound card configuration. If the configuration is correct, Fedora Coreplays a sound sequence. You may adjust the volume with the slidebar. The Repeat option causes thesound to play until the option is unselected, to assist you in tuning your system.

Hvis dit lydkort er identificeret, men du ikke hører nogen lyd, så kontrollér dine højtalere og forsøgigen. I nogen tilfælde kan du ændre de yderligere indstillinger for at få den bedste lydkvalitet.

Et lydkort kan have flere enheder for lydinput og lydoutput. For at ændre Standard PCM-enheden,så vælg en ny mulighed fra listen. Som standard forbinder lydapplikationer til en mikser somhåndterer PCM-enheder. For at få applikationer til at omgå mikseren, så vælg muligheden Deaktivérprogrammelmiksning.

You may manually configure a Fedora Core system to use unsupported sound cards after theinstallation process is complete. Manual sound hardware configuration is beyond the scope of thisdocument.

Ændr lydkortetFedora Core automatically attempts to detect a new sound card if you add one to your

system. If you need to launch the detection process manually, choose System →

Administration → Soundcard Detection.

After you configure the sound card, select Finish to proceed to the login screen. Your Fedora Coresystem is now ready for use.

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Opdatér dit systemTo ensure the security of your system, run a package update after the installationcompletes. Kapitel 19, Dine næste trin explains how to update your Fedora Core system.

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Dine næste trinFedora Core provides you with a complete operating system with a vast range of capabilities,supported by a large community.

19.1. Opdatér dit systemThe Fedora Project releases updated software packages for Fedora Core throughout the supportperiod of each version. Updated packages add new features, improve reliability, resolve bugs, orremove security vulnerabilities. To ensure the security of your system, update regularly, and as soonas possible after a security announcement is issued. Refer to Afsnit 19.2, “Subscribing to Fedora CoreAnnouncements and News” for information on the Fedora Core announcements services.

A new update applet, called puplet, reminds you of updates when they are available. The pupletapplet is installed by default in Fedora Core. It checks for software updates from all configuredrepositories, and runs as a background service. It generates a notification message on the desktop ifupdates are found, and you can click the message to update your system's software.

To update your system with the latest packages manually, use theSoftware Updater:

1. Choose Applications → System Tools → Software Updater.

2. Når der spørges kan du indtaste root-adgangskoden.

3. Efterse listen med opdaterede pakker. Pakkelisten viser en dobbeltpil ved siden af alleopdateringer som kræver en genstart af systemet for at træde i kraft.

4. Klik Udfør opdateringer for at starte opdateringsprocessen.

5. Hvis en eller flere opdateringer kræver en genstart, viser opdateringsprocessen en dialog medmuligheden Genstart nu. Enten vælg denne mulighed for at genstarte systemet med det sammeeller Afbryd for at genstarte systemet senere, når det passer bedre.

To update packages from the command-line, use theyum utility. Type this command to begin a full update of your system with yum:

su -c 'yum update'

Angiv adgangskoden for root når der bedes om det.

Refer to http://fedora.redhat.com/docs/yum/ for more information on yum.

Netværksforbindelse krævesKontrollér at dit system har en fungerende netværksforbindelse inden du kører Program-opdatering eller tilbehøret yum. Opdateringsprocessen henter information og pakker fraet netværk af servere.

If your Fedora Core system has a permanent network connection, you may choose to enabledaily system updates. To enable automatic updates, follow the instructions on the webpage http://fedora.redhat.com/docs/yum/sn-updating-your-system.html.

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19.2. Subscribing to Fedora Core Announcements andNewsFor at få information om opdatering af pakker kan du abonnere på enten e-postlisten medannonceringer eller RSS feeds.

E-postliste for annonceringer for Fedora Projecthttps://www.redhat.com/mailman/listinfo/fedora-announce-list

Fedora Project RSS kilderhttp://fedoraproject.org/infofeed/

The announcements mailing list also provides you with news on the Fedora Project, and the FedoraCore community.

SikkerhedsannonceringerAnnonceringer med nøgleord [SECURITY] i titlen identificerer opdatering af pakker somretter sikkerhedssårbarheder.

19.3. Find dokumentation og få hjælpMembers of the Fedora Core community provides support through mailing lists, Web forums and LinuxUser Groups (LUGs) across the world.

The Web site for the formally endorsed forums is http://forums.fedoraforum.org/.

The following resources provide information on many aspects of Fedora Core:

• FAQ på Fedora Project webstedhttp://fedoraproject.org/wiki/FAQ/

• Dokumentationen findes på webstedet for Fedora Documentation Projecthttp://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Docs/

• Linux Documentation Project (LDP)http://www.tldp.org/

• The Red Hat Enterprise Linux documentation, much of which also applies to Fedora Corehttp://www.redhat.com/docs/manuals/enterprise/

Many other organizations and individuals also provide tutorials and HOWTOs for Fedora Core on theirWeb sites. You can locate information on any topic by using Google's Linux search site, located athttp://www.google.com/linux.

19.4. Joining the Fedora Core CommunityThe Fedora Project is driven by the individuals that contribute to it. Community members providesupport and documentation to other users, help to improve the software included in Fedora Core bytesting, and develop new software alongside the programmers employed by Red Hat. The results ofthis work are available to all.

Begynd her for at gøre en forskel:

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http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/HelpWanted

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Appendiks A. OpstartsmulighederThe Fedora Core installation system includes a range of functions and options for administrators. Touse boot options, enter linux option at the boot: prompt.

Hvis du angiver mere end én mulighed, skal du adskille hver mulighed med et enkelt mellemrum. Foreksempel:

linux option1 option2 option3

RedningstilstandThe Fedora Core installation and rescue discs may either boot with rescue mode, or loadthe installation system. For more information on rescue discs and rescue mode, refer toAfsnit A.6.2, “Start din maskine op i redningstilstand”.

A.1. Konfigurér installationsystemet på boot:-promptenDu kan bruge prompten boot: til at angive et antal indstillinger for installationssystemet, inklusive:

• sprog

• skærmopløsning

• grænsefladetype

• installationsmetode

• netværksindstillinger

A.1.1. Specificér sprogFor at sætte sproget for både installationsprocessen og det endelige system, kan du angive ISO-koden for dette sprog med muligheden lang. Brug valgmuligheden keymap for at konfigurere detrigtige tastaturlayout.

For eksempel identificerer ISO-koderne da og dk det danske sprog og det danske tastaturslayout:

linux lang=el_GR keymap=gr

A.1.2. Konfigurér grænsefladenDu kan få installationssystemet til at bruge den lavest mulige skærmopløsning (640x480) med flagetlowres. For at bruge en specifik skærmopløsning, skriv resolution=indstilling som enopstartsmulighed. For eksempel skriv for at sætte skærmopløsningen til 1024x768:

linux resolution=1024x768

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To run the installation process intext mode, enter:

linux text

To enable support for aserial console, enter serial as an additional option.

A.1.3. Specificér installationsmetodeBrug muligheden askmethod for at vise yderligere menuer som gør at du kan angiveinstallationsmetode og netværksindstillinger. Du kan også konfigurere installationsmetode ognetværksindstillinger på selve boot:-prompten.

To specify the installation method from the boot: prompt, use the method option. Refer to Tabel A.1,“Installationsmetoder” for the supported installation methods.

Installationsmetode Format for valgmuligheder

CD- eller DVD-enhed method=cdrom

Disk method=hd://device/

HTTP-server method=http://server.mydomain.com/directory/

FTP-server method=ftp://server.mydomain.com/directory/

NFS-server method=nfs:server.mydomain.com:/directory/

Tabel A.1. Installationsmetoder

A.1.4. Konfigurér netværksindstillinger manueltSom standard bruger installationssystemet DHCP for automatisk at få fat på de korrektenetværksindstillinger. For at manuelt konfigurere netværksindstillinger, kan du angive dem entenpå skærmen for Konfigurér TCP/IP eller på boot:-prompten. Du kan angive indstillinger for ip-adresse, nætmaska, gateway og dns-server for installationssystemet på prompten. Hvis du angivernetværkskonfigurationen på boot:-prompten, bruges disse indstillinger i installationsprocessen ogskærmen for Konfigurér TCP/IP vises ikke.

Dette eksempel konfigurerer netværksindstillinger for et installationssystem som bruger IP-adressen192.168.1.10:

linux ip=192.168.1.10 netmask=255.255.255.0 gateway=192.168.1.1 dns=192.168.1.2,192.168.1.3

Konfigurér det installerede systemUse the Network Configuration screen to specify the network settings for the new system.Refer to Kapitel 12, Netværkskonfiguration for more information on configuring thenetwork settings for the installed system.

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A.2. Aktivér fjernadgang til installationssystemetYou may access either graphical or text interfaces for the installation system from any other system.Access to a text mode display requires telnet, which is installed by default on Fedora Core systems.To remotely access the graphical display of an installation system, use client software that supportstheVNC (Virtual Network Computing) display protocol. A number of providers offer VNC clients forMicrosoft Windows and Mac OS, as well as UNIX-based systems.

Installing a VNC Client on Fedora CoreFedora Core includes vncviewer, the client provided by the developers of VNC. To obtainvncviewer, install the vnc package.

Installationssystemet understøtter to metoder til at lave VNC-forbindelser. Du kan starte installationenog manuelt logge ind på den grafiske skærm med en VNC-klient fra et andet system. Alternativt kandu konfigurere installationssystemet til automatisk at forbinde til en VNC-klient på netværket som køreri lyttende tilstand.

A.2.1. Aktivér fjernadgang med VNCTo enable remote graphical access to the installation system, enter two options at the prompt:

linux vnc vncpassword=qwerty

Valgmuligheden vnc aktiverer VNC-tjenesten. Valgmuligheden vncpassword sætter adgangskodenfor fjernadgang. Eksemplet ovenfor sætter adgangskoden til qwerty.

VNC-adgangskoderVNC-adgangskoden skal være mindst 6 tegn langt.

Angiv det sprog, tastaturslayout og netværksindstillinger for installationssystemet med de skærmesom følger. Du kan så få adgang til den grafiske grænseflade via en VNC-klient. Installationssystemetviser den korrekte forbindelsesindstilling for VNC-klienten:

Starting VNC... The VNC server is now running. Please connect to computer.mydomain.com:1 to begin the install... Starting graphical installation... Press <enter> for a shell

You may then login to the installation system with a VNC client. To run the vncviewer client on Fedora

Core, choose Applications → Accessories → VNC Viewer, or type the command vncviewer in aterminal window. Enter the server and display number in the VNC Server dialog. For the exampleabove, the VNC Server is computer.mydomain.com:1.

A.2.2. Forbind installationssystemet til en VNC-lytterTo have the installation system automatically connect to a VNC client, first start the client in

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listening mode. On Fedora Core systems, use the -listen option to run vncviewer as a listener. In aterminal window, enter the command:

vncviewer -listen

Omkonfiguration af brandmuren krævesBy default, vncviewer uses TCP port 5500 when in listening mode. To permit connections

to this port from other systems, choose System → Administration → Security Level andFirewall. Select Other ports, and Add. Enter 5500 in the Port(s) field, and specify tcpas the Protocol.

Efter at lytteklienten er aktiveret kan du starte installationssystemet og sætte VNC-mulighedernepå boot:-prompten. Udover mulighederne vnc og vncpassword kan du bruge mulighedenvncconnect for at angive navnet eller IP-adressen på systemet som har den lyttende klient. For atangive TCP-porten på lytteren kan du tilføje et kolon og portnummer til systemnavnet.

For eksempel, for at forbinde til en VNC-klient på systemet maskine.mitdomæne.dk på port 5500kan du angive følgende boot:-prompten:

linux vnc vncpassword=qwerty vncconnect=desktop.mydomain.com:5500

A.2.3. Aktivér fjernadgang med TelnetTo enable remote access to a text mode installation, use thetelnet option at the boot: prompt:

linux text telnet

Du kan så forbinde til installationssystemet med tilbehøret telnet. Kommandoen telnet krævernavnet eller IP-adressen for installationssystemet:

telnet computer.mydomain.com

Telnetadgang kræver ingen adgangskodeFor at garantere sikkerheden for installationsprocessen skal du kun bruge mulighedentelnet til at installere systemer på et sikkert netværk med begrænset adgang.

A.3. Logning til et fjernsystem under installationenBy default, the installation process sends log messages to the console as they are generated. Youmay specify that these messages go to a remote system that runs asyslog service.

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For at konfigurere fjernlogning, tilføj flaget syslog. Specificér IP-adressen for logingssystemetog UDP-portnumret for logtjenesten på dette systemet. Som standard accepterer syslog-tjenesterfjernmeddelelser på UDP-port 514.

For eksempel, for at forbinde til en syslog-tjeneste på systemet 192.168.1.20 kan du angivefølgende på boot:-prompten:

linux syslog=192.168.1.20:514

A.3.1. Konfigurerer en lognings-serverFedora Core uses syslogd to provide a syslog service. The default configuration of syslogd rejectsmessages from remote systems.

Aktivér kun fjernadgang af syslog på sikrede netværkerTjenesten syslogd inkluderer ingen sikkerhedshandlinger. Crackers kan gøre systemerlangsomme eller få dem til at gå ned for system som tillader adgang til logningstjenestenved at sende store mængder af falske log-meddelelser. Desuden kan onde brugereopsnappe eller forfalske meddelelser som sendes til logningstjenesten over netværket.

To configure a Fedora Core system to accept log messages from other systems on the network, editthe file /etc/sysconfig/syslog. You must use root privileges to edit the file /etc/sysconfig/syslog. Add the option -r to the SYSLOGD_OPTIONS:

SYSLOGD_OPTIONS="-m 0 -r"

Genstart syslogd-tjenesten for at udføre ændringen:

su -c '/sbin/service syslog restart'

Angiv adgangskoden for root når der bedes om det.

Omkonfiguration af brandmuren krævesBy default, the syslog service listens on UDP port 514. To permit connections to this port

from other systems, choose System → Administration → Security Level and Firewall.Select Other ports, and Add. Enter 514 in the Port(s) field, and specify udp as theProtocol.

A.4. Automatisér installationen med KickstartAKickstart file specifies settings for an installation. Once the installation system boots, it can read aKickstart file and carry out the installation process without any further input from a user.

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Hver installation producerer en Kickstart-filThe Fedora Core installation process automatically writes a Kickstart file that contains thesettings for the installed system. This file is always saved as /root/anaconda-ks.cfg.You may use this file to repeat the installation with identical settings, or modify copies tospecify settings for other systems.

Fedora Core includes a graphical application to create and modify Kickstart files by selecting theoptions that you require. Use the package system-config-kickstart to install this utility. To load

the Fedora Core Kickstart editor, choose Applications → System Tools → Kickstart.

Kickstart-filer lister installationsindstillinger i klartekst, med en mulighed per linje. Dette format gør atdu kan ændre din Kickstart-fil med hvilken som helst tekstredigering og skrive skript eller applikationersom genererer Kickstart-filer for dine systemer.

For at automatisere installationsprocessen med en Kickstart-fil, brug muligheden ks for at specificerenavnet og placeringen for filen:

linux ks=location/kickstart-file.cfg

You may use Kickstart files that are held on either removable storage, a hard drive, or a networkserver. Refer to Tabel A.2, “Kickstart-kilder” for the supported Kickstart sources.

Kickstart-kilde Format for valgmuligheder

CD- eller DVD-enhed ks=cdrom:/directory/ks.cfg

Disk ks=hd:/device/directory/ks.cfg

Anden enhed ks=file:/device/directory/ks.cfg

HTTP-server ks=http://server.mydomain.com/directory/ks.cfg

FTP-server ks=ftp://server.mydomain.com/directory/ks.cfg

NFS-server ks=nfs:server.mydomain.com:/directory/ks.cfg

Tabel A.2. Kickstart-kilder

For at få fat på en Kickstart-fil fra et skript eller applikation på en webserver skal du angiveURL'en for applikationen med valgmuligheden ks=. Hvis du tilføjer flaget kssendmac, senderforespørgslen også HTTP-hoveder til webapplikationen. Din applikation kan bruge disse hovedertil at identificere maskinen. Denne linje sender en forespørgsel med hoveder til applikationen http://server.mitdomæne.dk/kickstart.cgi:

linux ks=http://server.mydomain.com/kickstart.cgi kssendmac

A.5. Forbedrer understøttelse for maskinelBy default, Fedora Core attempts to automatically detect and configure support for all of thecomponents of your computer. Fedora Core supports the majority of hardware in common use with the

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software drivers that are included with the operating system. To support other devices you may supplyadditional drivers during the installation process, or at a later time.

A.5.1. Tilføj maskinelunderstøttelse med drivrutinedisketterInstallationssystemet kan indlæse drivrutiner fra diske, hukommelsesenheder eller netværksserverefor at konfigurere understøttelse for nye enheder. Efter installationen er færdig, kan du fjerne evt.drivrutinesdisketter og gemme dem hvis de behøves senere.

Hardware manufacturers may supplydriver disks for Fedora Core with the device, or provide image files to prepare the disks. To obtain thelatest drivers, download the correct file from the website of the manufacturer.

Drivrutinesdisketter leveret som zippede filerDriver disk images may be distributed as compressed archives, or zip files. Foridentification, the names of zip files include the extensions .zip, or .tar.gz. To

extract the contents of a zipped file with a Fedora Core system, choose Applications →

Accessories → Archive Manager.

For at formattere en disk eller hukommelsesnøgle med en aftryksfil, så brug tilbehøret dd. Foreksempel, for at forberede en diskette med aftryksfilen drivers.img, så angiv denne kommando i etterminalvindue:

dd if=drivers.img of=/dev/fd0

For at bruge en drivrutinediskette i installationsprocessen skal du specificere valgmuligheden dd påboot:-prompten:

linux dd

Når der bedes om det, så vælg Ja for at bruge en drivrutinediskette. Vælg den enhed som indeholderdrivrutinedisketten fra listen på tekstskærmen Drivrutinediskettekilde.

The installation system can also read drivers from disk images that are held on network servers. Referto Tabel A.3, “Kilder for drivrutinediskette-aftryk” for the supported sources of driver disk image files.

Aftrykskilde Format for valgmuligheder

Vælg en disk eller enhed dd

HTTP-server dd=http://server.mydomain.com/directory/drivers.img

FTP-server dd=ftp://server.mydomain.com/directory/drivers.img

NFS-server dd=nfs:server.mydomain.com:/directory/drivers.img

Tabel A.3. Kilder for drivrutinediskette-aftryk

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A.5.2. Deaktivér automatisk detektering af maskinelFor en del modeller af enheder kan automatisk maskinelkonfiguration fejle eller give ustabilitet I såfald kan du have brug for at deaktivere automatisk konfiguration for denne type enhed og manueltkonfigurere enheden efter installationsprocessen er færdiggjort

Se udgivelsesnoterneGå til udgivelsesnoterne for information om kendte problemer med bestemte enheder.

For at tilsidesætte automatisk maskineldetektering kan du bruge en eller flere af følgendevalgmuligheder:

Kompabilitetsindstillinger Valgmuligheder

Deaktivér al opdagelse af udstyr noprobe

Deaktivér grafik, tastatur og musedetektering headless

Deaktivér automatisk detektering af skærme(DDC)

skipddc

Deaktivér APIC for moderkort noapic

Deaktivér strømadministration (ACPI) acpi=off

Deaktivér Direkte Hukommelses Access (DMA)for IDE-enheder

ide=nodma

Deaktivér BIOS-assisteret RAID nodmraid

Deaktivér Firewire enhedsdetektering nofirewire

Deaktivér detektering af parallel port noparport

Deaktivér detektering af PC Card (PCMCIA)enheder

nopcmcia

Deaktivér detektering af USB-lagringsenheder nousbstorage

Deaktivér al detektering af USB-enheder nousb

Tving detektering af Firewire-enheder firewire

Spørg brugeren om konfiguration for ISA-enheder

isa

Tabel A.4. Valgmuligheder for udstyr

Yderligere skærmMuligheden isa får systemet til at vise yderligere en tekstskærm i begyndelsen afinstallationsprocessen. Brug denne skærm for at konfigurere ISA-enhederne på dinmaskine.

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A.6. Bruger tilstanden for vedligeholdelse af opstart

A.6.1. Indlæs tilstand for testning af RAM-hukommelseFaults in memory modules may cause your system to freeze or crash unpredictably. In some cases,memory faults may only cause errors with particular combinations of software. For this reason, youshould test the memory of a computer before you install Fedora Core for the first time, even if it haspreviously run other operating systems.

To boot your computer inmemory testing mode, enter memtest86 at the boot: prompt. The first test starts immediately. Bydefault, memtest86 carries out a total of ten tests.

For at afbryde testene og genstarte din maskine kan du trykke Esc når som helst

A.6.2. Start din maskine op i redningstilstandYou may boot a command-line Linux system from either arescue disc or the first installation disc, without installing Fedora Core on the computer. This enablesyou to use the utilities and functions of a running Linux system to modify or repair systems that arealready installed on your computer.

Redningsskiven starter systemet i redningstilstand som standard. For at indlæse redningssystemetmed den første installationsskive skal du skrive:

linux rescue

Angiv sproget, tastaturlayout og netværksindstillinger for redningssystemet med de skærme somfølger. Den sidste konfigureringsskærm konfigurerer adgang til det eksisterende system på dinmaskine.

Som standard forbinder redningstilstand sig til et eksisterende operativsystem under kataloget /mnt/sysimage/.

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Appendiks B. Anden tekniskdokumentationThis document provides a reference for using the Fedora Core installation software, known asanaconda. To learn more aboutanaconda, visit the project Web page: http://www.fedoraproject.org/wiki/Anaconda.

Both anaconda and Fedora Core systems use a common set of software components. For detailedinformation on key technologies, refer to the Web sites listed below:

OpstartsindlæserenFedora Core uses theGRUB boot loader. Refer to http://www.gnu.org/software/grub/ for more information.

DiskpartitioneringFedora Core uses parted to partition disks. Refer to http://www.gnu.org/software/parted/ for moreinformation.

Lager-administrationLogical Volume Management (LVM) provides administrators with a range of facilities to managestorage. By default, the Fedora Core installation process formats drives as LVM volumes. Refer tohttp://www.tldp.org/HOWTO/LVM-HOWTO/ for more information.

LydunderstøttelseThe Linux kernel used by Fedora Core incorporatesALSA (Advanced Linux Sound Architecture). For more information about ALSA, refer to the projectWeb site: http://www.alsa-project.org/.

GrafiksystemBoth the installation system and Fedora Core use theXorg suite to provide graphical capabilities. Components of Xorg manage the display, keyboardand mouse for the desktop environments that users interact with. Refer to http://www.x.org/ formore information.

FjernskærmeFedora Core and anaconda includeVNC (Virtual Network Computing) software to enable remote access to graphical displays.For more information about VNC, refer to the documentation on the RealVNC Web site: http://www.realvnc.com/documentation/.

Kommandolinje-grænsefladeBy default, Fedora Core uses the GNU bash shell to provide a command-line interface. The GNUCore Utilities complete the command-line environment. Refer to http://www.gnu.org/software/bash/bash.html for more information on bash. To learn more about the GNU Core Utilities, refer tohttp://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/.

FjernsystemadgangFedora Core incorporates theOpenSSH suite to provide remote access to the system. The SSH

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service enables a number of functions, which include access to the command-line from othersystems, remote command execution, and network file transfers. During the installation processanaconda may use the scpfeature of OpenSSH to transfer crash reports to remote systems. Refer to the OpenSSH Web sitefor more information: http://www.openssh.com/.

AdgangkontrolSELinux provides Mandatory Access Control (MAC) capabilities that supplement the standardLinux security features. Refer to the SELinux FAQ for more information: http://fedora.redhat.com/docs/selinux-faq/.

BrandmurThe Linux kernel used by Fedora Core incorporates the netfilter framework to providefirewall features. The Netfilter project website provides documentation for both netfilter, andthe iptables administration facilities: http://netfilter.org/documentation/index.html.

PrograminstallationFedora Core usesyum to manage the RPM packages that make up the system. Refer to http://fedora.redhat.com/docs/yum/ for more information.

VirtualiseringXen provides the capability to simultaneously run multiple operating systems on the samecomputer. Fedora Core also includes tools to install and manage the secondary systems on aFedora Core host. You may select Xen support during the installation process, or at any timethereafter. Refer to http://www.fedoraproject.org/wiki/Tools/Xen for more information.

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StikordsregisterAALSA (Advanced Linux Sound Architecture), 85Anaconda, 85

BBIOS (Basic Input/Output System), 11boot loader, 30

(se også GRUB)upgrading, 30

DDHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol), 5,45, 45Disk Druid, 34DNS (Domain Name Service), 46domain name, 46driver disks, 81

Eext2 (se file systems)ext3 (se file system) (se file systems)

Ffeedback

contact information for this manual, ixfile system, 34

ext3 , 34NTFS , 36vfat , 36

file systemsext2, 20ext3, 20vfat, 20

firewallconfiguring, 62documentation, 86

FOSS (free and open source software), 1free software (se FOSS)

Ggateway, 46GMT (Greenwich Mean Time) (se UTC)GRUB

configuring, 39(se også boot loader)

documentation, 85

Hhostname, 46

IIP address, 45

KKickstart, 79

LLVM, 35, 37

documentation, 85logical volume, 34physical volume, 34understanding, 34volume group, 34

Mmaster boot record, 40, 42memory testing mode, 83modem, 46mount point, 33

NNFS (Network File System)

install from, 21NTFS (se file system)NTP (Network Time Protocol), 47, 65

Oopen source (se FOSS)OpenSSH, 85

(se også SSH)OSI (Open Source Initiative), 61

Ppackage groups, 54partition

/home , 37/root , 33adding, 35deleting, 37editing, 36illegal, 35root, 33, 33, 35type, 34

(se også file system)PXE (Pre-boot eXecution Environment), 11, 15

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Stikordsregister

88

RRAID, 37

hardware, 31Linux software, 34

rescue discs, 83rescue mode, 83root account, 49router (se gateway)

Sscp, 86

(se også SSH)SELinux

configuring, 64documentation, 86

serial console, 76Setup Agent, 61Software Updater, 71SSH (Secure SHell)

documentation, 86firewall configuration, 62

swap partitions, 33syslog, 78

TTelnet, 78text interface, 76

UUTC (Universal Co-ordinated time), 47

Vvfat (se file system) (se file systems)VNC (Virtual Network Computing), 77

documentation, 85enabling, 77installing client, 77listening mode, 78

XXen

documentation, 86Xorg, 85

Yyum, 71

documentation, 86