Inside the World of CellsInside the World of Cells

Unit 3: CellsUnit 3: CellsChapter 7: Cell Structure and FunctionChapter 7: Cell Structure and FunctionSection 7-2 Eukaryotic Cell StructureSection 7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure

Text: pages 174-181Text: pages 174-181

VocabularyVocabulary OrganelleOrganelle

CytoplasmCytoplasm Nuclear envelopeNuclear envelope

ChromosomeChromosome NucleolusNucleolus

Endoplasmic reticulumEndoplasmic reticulum Golgi apparatusGolgi apparatus

LysosomeLysosome VacuoleVacuole

MitochondriaMitochondria ChloroplastChloroplast

CytoskeletonCytoskeleton CentrioleCentriole

IntroductionIntroduction

OrganellesOrganelles: structures found in : structures found in eukaryotes that act as specialized eukaryotes that act as specialized organs.organs.

2 major parts of the cell2 major parts of the cell1)1) NucleusNucleus2)2) CytoplasmCytoplasm

NucleusNucleus

Control center of the cellControl center of the cellContains cell’s DNAContains cell’s DNASurrounded by Surrounded by nuclear envelopenuclear envelope

Pores allow material to move in and outPores allow material to move in and outChromatinChromatinChromosomesChromosomesNucleolusNucleolus: where ribosome assembly : where ribosome assembly

begins.begins.

RibosomesRibosomes

Where proteins are made- proteins are Where proteins are made- proteins are assembled on assembled on ribosomesribosomes..

RibosomesRibosomes: small particles of RNA and : small particles of RNA and protein found throughout the protein found throughout the cytoplasmcytoplasm

Instructions come from Instructions come from nucleusnucleus to produce to produce the proteins.the proteins.

Endoplasmic ReticulumEndoplasmic Reticulum Internal membrane systemInternal membrane system

Assembly of lipids, proteins, and other materials Assembly of lipids, proteins, and other materials which are exported. which are exported.

Rough ERRough ER: involved in protein synthesis; : involved in protein synthesis; ribosomesribosomes on surface. on surface.

Smooth ERSmooth ER: specialized enzymes: specialized enzymes Synthesizing lipids for membranesSynthesizing lipids for membranes Detoxification of drugsDetoxification of drugs

Golgi ApparatusGolgi Apparatus

Proteins move onto the Proteins move onto the golgi apparatusgolgi apparatus..

Stack of membranes- Stack of membranes- look like flattened look like flattened pancakes.pancakes.

Golgi apparatusGolgi apparatus: modifies : modifies and packages proteins for and packages proteins for storage in or secretion storage in or secretion outside of cell.outside of cell.

LysosomesLysosomes

Small and filled with enzymesSmall and filled with enzymes

LysosomesLysosomes: digest and breakdown : digest and breakdown macromolecules into small units to be used by macromolecules into small units to be used by cell.cell.

Breakdown organelles that have diedBreakdown organelles that have died

Remove junk from inside the cellRemove junk from inside the cell

VacuolesVacuoles

Sac like structuresSac like structures Store water, salts, Store water, salts,

proteins, and carbs.proteins, and carbs. Turgor PressureTurgor Pressure Plants and some Plants and some

single celled single celled organisms.organisms. Paramecium- Paramecium-

contractile vacuole-contractile vacuole-pumps water out.pumps water out.

Energy in CellsEnergy in Cells

Cells acquire energy in one of two waysCells acquire energy in one of two ways1)1) From the food we eat- digestionFrom the food we eat- digestion

2)2) From the sun- photosynthesisFrom the sun- photosynthesis

MitochondriaMitochondria

Take energy stored in food and make it Take energy stored in food and make it more useful to the cell. more useful to the cell. ATPATP

Outer and inner membraneOuter and inner membrane Inner is folded up inside.Inner is folded up inside.

MitochondriaMitochondria come from the egg cell- come from the egg cell- passed from out mothers.passed from out mothers.

ChloroplastsChloroplasts

Plants and blue-green Plants and blue-green algaealgae

Photosynthesis= Photosynthesis= Capturing sun’s energy & Capturing sun’s energy & converting into chemical converting into chemical energy.energy.

2 membranes2 membranes Inside are chlorophyll Inside are chlorophyll

containing membranescontaining membranes

Both mitochondria and chloroplasts Both mitochondria and chloroplasts contain their own genetic information in contain their own genetic information in the form of small DNA molecules.the form of small DNA molecules.

Descendents of early prokaryotes?????Descendents of early prokaryotes?????

CytoskeletonCytoskeleton

Provides cellular supportProvides cellular support

Protein filaments help maintain cell’s shape. Protein filaments help maintain cell’s shape.

Also involved in movementAlso involved in movement

2 types of protein filaments2 types of protein filaments MicrofilamentsMicrofilaments MicrotubulesMicrotubules

MicrofilamentsMicrofilaments

ThreadlikeThreadlike Protein = actinProtein = actin Create a tough but Create a tough but

flexible frameworkflexible framework What allow amoebas What allow amoebas

to move or glideto move or glide

MicrotubulesMicrotubules

HollowHollow

Protein = tubulinProtein = tubulin

Maintains cell shapeMaintains cell shape

Important during cell divisionImportant during cell division

Cilia and flagellaCilia and flagella