Inside the Earth

What are we walking on?

Earth Layers • The Earth is divided into

four main layers.

*__________*__________*_________*_________

____________________* The Earth’s crust is

like the skin of an______________. It is very thin compared to the other three layers.

• *The crust makes up ______________of the Earth.

* The crust of the Earth is broken into many pieces called______________.

_______________

The crust is only about 3-5 miles (8 kilometers)

thick under the oceans(________________cru

st) and about 25 miles (32 kilometers) thick under the continents

(__________________ crust).

The Crust• Outer layer

• 5-100 km thick

• 2 types of crust

– Oceanic(very______, made of basalt)

– Continental (less dense, made of_______________)

Granite/_______ Basalt/__________

_

___________________• The mantle is the

layer _____________ the crust.

• The mantle is the _________________ layer of the Earth.

• The mantle is divided into two regions: the upper and lower sections.

____________________* The core of the

Earth is like a ball of very______________.

* The outer core is________________.

* The outer core is made up of __________and is very dense.

Inner Core* The inner core of

the Earth has temperatures and pressures so great that the metals are squeezed together and are not able to move.

* The inner core is a solid.

Earth’s Layers

• How are the earth’s layers similar to an egg?

• Shell=____________

• Egg white=________

• Yolk=____________

Physical Structure of the Earth

• _________________________- rigid outer layer (crust)

• __________________________- solid rock that flows slowly (like hot asphalt)

_______________• The lithosphere (geosphere) is the

“_________" part of Earth. It has ___________parts, the crust and the___________________________.

• The lithosphere “_________________ on the” asthenosphere.

• The ____________________are the lithosphere.

• It is the rocky, solid portion of the crust. Remember that it is made up of mostly _______________( Si) and Oxygen (O).

_____________________

• This is the layer below the lithosphere. This layer is “__________________________”.

• It is somewhat solid/liquid.

• You can say that it is___________________.

• Very important in terms of_________________________________.

_________________________• Earth’s crust is broken into about

____________pieces

• These plates move on top of the __________________________________

Plate Tectonics

Plate Boundaries

Plate Tectonics• In____________, scientist were able to use

________________ ___________and sea-floor spreading to come up with the idea of ______________ _____________________.

• Plate tectonics is the ________________that the Earth’s ______________and the _______________mantle are __________________into sections called__________________.

Plate Tectonics

• With this ____________________scientists concluded that _________________move around on the_______________– like mantle.

• How? • The lithosphere is __________dense than

the_______________________, so the lithosphere “ ________________” on the asthenosphere.

• Plate tectonics is caused by the internal heat of the Earth• ____________________________is the upper levels of the

mantle that are hot and _______enough to permit a plastic flow.• ______________heat causes convection flows in asthenosphere • Molten material from asthenosphere wells up at oceanic rifts,

producing seafloor spreading, and is returned to the asthenosphere in _______________________ ______________.

• As one end of a plate is subducted back into the________________, it helps to pull the rest of the plate along

Plate Tectonics

Plate Tectonics

• So what does this mean?• This means that _________________can

move around and have the _________________to collide, move_______________ from each other.

• This is what creates_____________________, mountains, and_____________________.

Types Of Plate Boundaries On Earth

• There are three types of plate boundaries:• __________________________________• ___________________________________• ___________________________________

__________________Boundaries

• The Great Rift Valley in ___________________is a good example of a _______________________boundary, the valley is formed because 2 ____________________plates are moving _________________ from each other.

______________________Boundaries

• Just like the word says, ___________boundary means that the plates are moving ______from each other. This is the kind of boundary that we talk about with sea-floor spreading.

• Example the__________________ Plate is moving away from the _______________ American plate.

• What does this mean for the Atlantic ocean?

______________Boundaries Examples

• Sea-Floor Spreading would be a good example of a __________________boundary.

• _________________ is growing everyday, because it ______________in the middle of a divergent boundary- the mid-________________ ridge.

__________________Boundaries

• ____________________boundaries occur when 2 plates are__________________.

• There are________ types of convergent boundaries:– _______________________________________– _______________________________________– _______________________________________

Ocean-Continental

• When the ____________________ crust collides with ______________________crust

Ocean- Continental• Because __________________ crust is lighter

than ______________________crust, oceanic crust will create a __________________zone.

• Meaning the oceanic crust will _______________underneath the continental crust.

• This often creates deep ocean trenches and ___________________mountains like the _________________mountains in Peru and the ______________________ in _________________________________.

____________-_________________

• When_____________ oceanic plates collide, the _______________ plate will subduct under the ______________dense plate.

Ocean-Ocean Boundaries

• Again, a deep sea __________________is formed, and _______________magma to rise and form new _________________ mountains.

• The islands of _____________were formed this way.

• Trenches are formed as well, example the ____________________Trench( Pacific Plate converging with the Philippine plate).

_______________-_____________

• When ___________ continental plates collide. Since both plates are_____________ dense than the material in the asthenosphere, _______ ______________________occurs.

Continental-Continental

• So the_______________ plates meet and _____________________ up; forming_________________________.

• Like the __________________mountains in India.

• They were formed when ________________slammed into the __________________plate.

How The Himalayans Were Born.

• Movement Of _______________and

Sri Lanka_________________.

Slams into theEurasian Plate

Himalayans

• These_______plates are Still colliding.

________________Fault Boundary

• This occurs when ________________plates are ________________past each other.

• They slide in ___________________ directions or in the______________ direction.

• Example: The ______________________in Ca.• The ____________________American Plate is

sliding past the __________________plate.