Initiatives on Regional Air Pollution in Asia GMS ASEAN: Haze agreement Central Asia: Environment...
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Initiatives on Regional Air Pollution in AsiaInitiatives on Regional Air Pollution in Asia
GMS
ASEAN: Haze agreementCentral Asia: Environment ConventionSouth Asia: Male’ DeclarationEast Asia: EANETAsia: ABCGlobal: GAF
Development • March 1998: Policy Dialogue • April 1998: Adoption of the Declaration
Implementation• Phase I: Awareness and preparation of the baseline information • Phase II: Local capacity development for monitoring and analysis
Member states
Male’ Declaration
Bhutan
Nepal
Bangladesh
Sri Lanka
Iran
Pakistan
India
Maldives
Phase I Implementation
Network Establishment
Baseline Studies
Action Plans
Sub-regional Action Plan
Identification of NEAsEstablishment of NEAs
Network&Database of Experts/Institutions
Guidelines for the Baseline StudiesPreparation of Baseline StudiesBaseline Studies & Database
National Action Plan
Phase II Implementation
Hanimaadu
Anuradaphura
Abadan
Port Canning Suntharban
Geliphu
Narowal
Chitwan
Trained national institutions. Established monitoring stations.
• Strengthen the regional cooperation and stakeholders participation under the Malé Declaration;
• Strengthen the capacity building programmes initiated during Phase II;
• Enhance the capacity of NIAs on emission inventory development and Integrated Assessment Modeling
• Enhance the analytical and impact assessment capability at the national level through integration of findings from local pollution studies and conducting assessment studies;
• Provide decision support information for policy formulation and air pollution prevention ; and
• Raise awareness for action through targeted dissemination
IG 6; October 2004, Tehran, Iran agreed on the Phase III objectives
Phase III: Objectives
• Intergovernmental meeting, stakeholders meeting cum coordination meeting
• Evaluated the implementation since adoption
• Extended organizational structure
• Establishment of specialized centers
• Air pollution related initiatives in South Asia need to be coordinated under the framework of Male’ Declaration
• Focus on reduction of air pollution
• Recommended to increase the financial sustainability through local contributions
Ob1: Regional Cooperation
IG 8; September 2006, Thimbu, Bhutan
Extended institutional structureIntergovernmental Meeting (NFP and
NIA)
Technical Committee (MoC, SEI, UNEP RRCAP)
Technical Center on monitoring Dry Deposition
Technical Center on Monitoring Wet Deposition
Technical Center on Soil Impact
Technical Center on Vegetation Impact
Technical Center on Corrosion Impact
Technical Center on Health Impact
Regional Stakeholders Forum
(Universities, NGOs, youth groups, relevant initiatives
in South Asia)
Secretariat for Male’ Declaration (UNEP RRCAP)
National Focal Points (NFP) National Implementing Agencies (NIA)
National Stakeholders Forum (Universities, NGOs, youth
groups)
Member States
National Centers for Impact Assessment
Sub-regional partners (SACEP and SAARC)
Technical Center on Pollution Reduction policies/strategies
Technical Center on Emission Inventory and modeling
• National Training programmes
• Specialized training programmes at the national level
• eg. Nine technical personnel from DoE, Bangladesh were trained on operating AAS in February 2006
Ob2: Capacity Building on Monitoring
In-country February 2006; Kulna,
Bangladesh
Regional Training Programmes
• Annual refresher trainings at regional level
• eg. The fourth regional training was organised in March 2006
Regional Training Programme; March 2006, RRCAP, Bangkok
• Developed emissions inventory manual accompanied by a workbook (Excel) for compilation
• Trained personnel from all the participating countries on emission inventory and integrated assessment model
• An integrated information and assessment system (IIAS) and Users’ Manual
Ob3: Capacity Building on Inventory and Modeling
Training workshop; July 2006, RRCAP
Inventory manual:www.rrcap.unep.org/md/Maléreport/
Newsgroups:
Integrated Information and Assessment
System (IIAS)
Focus areas
• Develop urban integrated assessment
capacity
• Strengthen knowledge on human health impact assessment
• Strengthen knowledge on crops impact assessment
• Strengthen knowledge on corrosion impact assessment, model
Ob4: Capacity Building on Impact Assessment
Case studies in selected countries
Methodology
Regional Level Training
Regional level discussion of the results
Dissemination
(i) Case studies
• Provided technical support for an eco-
village demonstration project in Sri Lanka
(ii) Good practices
• Identify the areas for pollution control and abatement in each of the participating countries;
• Collate success stories (for pollution control and abetment);
• Dissemination of success stories in the participating countries.
Ob5: Decision Support Information
Eco village was opened by the President of Sri Lanka in March 2006
(i) Publication on Male’ Declaration
• Draft was adopted the IG8• will be published by the IG9
(ii) Newsletter and Brochure
• To disseminate Malé Declaration related information to the public and stakeholders.
• The content of the newsletter has largely been reports on the network’s activities
(iii) Information sharing
• Among the countries and other networks
(iv) Networking with youths
• South Asia Youth Environment Network (SAYEN) is participating in the awareness activities.
Ob6: Rise Awareness
Male’ Declaration for South Asia
Atmospheric Brown Clouds (ABC)
EANET for East Asia
Global Atmospheric Forum
East Asia Network on Acid Deposition (EANET)
• Four experts meetings were held in East Asia from 1993 to 1997 to discuss the issue of acid deposition.
• The First Intergovernmental Meeting (IG1) was held in 1998 and agreed to establish EANET.
Ten countries, which include: China, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, Mongolia, Philippines, Republic of Korea, Russia, Thailand and Vietnam started the preparatory phase activities from 1998-2000
Participation:
12 countries in East Asian region, which includes Northeast and Southeast Asia, that expressed at the Second Intergovernmental Meeting their intention to participate in the Network
Started intensive monitoring on common standards with sharing of data and expertise
EANET: Regular Phase
EANET: Institutional Arrangement
Terelj(Mongolia)
Kosan(R.of Korea)Zhuhai(China) Bangkok/ERTC(Rhailand) Tanah(Malaysia)
Jakarta/EMC(Indonesia)
Hoa Binh(Viet Nam)
Los Banos(Philippines)
Banryu(Japan)
Mondy(Russia)
SO2 NO, NO2, NOx
O3 HNO3, HCl, NH3
PM10 PMC
China X X X
Indonesia X
Japan X X X X
Malaysia X X X X
Mongolia X X X
Philippines X X X
RoK X X
Russia X X X
Thailand X X X X X X
Vietnam X X X
Monitoring Dry Deposition
EANET: Monitoring network
IG6 in November 2004
Working Group on Future Development of EANET.
EANET: Future Direction
IG8 in November 2006,
Medium term plan
Extended the Working Group on Future Development of EANET.
Male’ Declaration for South Asia
Atmospheric Brown Clouds (ABC)
EANET for East Asia
Global Atmospheric Forum
Haze at 5km; up to 3km high Size of continental US Covering Indian Ocean, South
Asia, Southeast Asia and China
Source: V. Ramanathan
Aerosol ParticulatesAerosol Particulates
Ramanathan et al, 2001Lelieveld et al, 2001
Brown Cloud Chemical CompositionBrown Cloud Chemical Composition
The project ABC comprised of 3 major programmes:
Observation: establishment of a network of ground based monitoring stations across the Asia and Pacific region for data collection and capacity building.
Impact assessment: assessment of the potential impacts of ABC on agriculture, water, and health using the data from the monitoring stations.
Awareness and mitigation: provide science-based information for policy makers to mitigate atmospheric pollution.
Major Components of Project ABCMajor Components of Project ABC
Monitoring
Monitoring
Assessment of impact on crop,
health and water
budget
Assessment of impact on crop,
health and water
budget
Awareness & Mitigation
Awareness & Mitigation
Aerosol propertiesPrecipitation chemistry Gaseous speciesSolar radiationMeteorological parameters
Aerosol propertiesPrecipitation chemistry Gaseous speciesSolar radiationMeteorological parameters
Established new observatories
Upgraded existing observatories
ObservatoriesObservatories
Observatories are fully equipped with a suit of state-of-the-art instruments to monitor:
Source: V. Ramanathan
Source: Prof. Ramanathan
Recent Field campaigns with UAVs
Maldives Autonomous Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Campaign (MAC) in South Asia; March 2006
East Asian Regional Experiment (ABC-EAREX2005) in East Asia; Feb.-Apr. 2005
ABC-Post Monsoon Experiment (APMEX-2004) in South Asia; Oct.-Nov. 2004
Pioneer Effort - UAVsPioneer Effort - UAVs
Three UAVs were used in staked formation measuring simultaneously the effects of ABC over the same cloud system.
First time in environment monitoring
First Impact Assessment workshop, December 2005, Bangkok, Thailand
Initiated ABC Impact Assessment studies
Review workshops in December 2006
Impact AssessmentImpact Assessment
PROCEDURE
Science Team Chair and Vice Chair
Lead Institution
[Agriculture]
Lead Institution
[water]
Lead Institution
[Health]
Network Network Network
Assessmentreport
Assessmentreport
Assessmentreport
EANET for East Asia
Atmospheric Brown Clouds (ABC)
Global Atmospheric Forum
Male’ Declaration for South Asia
Global Atmospheric ForumGlobal Atmospheric Forum
• Strengthening inter-governmental networks at the regional scale;
• Greater harmonization of technical system, information and assessment process within and between the regions and capacity building based on them; and
• Promoting consensus among stakeholders to underpin emergence of regional, hemispheric and global action.
Objectives
Global Atmospheric ForumGlobal Atmospheric Forum
Activities in Asia
Convene annual meetings of initiatives on regional air pollution
Closer co-operation and joint action among sub-regional networks in Asia
Technology transfer and methodology harmonization on monitoring, impact assessment, Inventory compilation
Standardized guidelines and joint programmes