Characteristics of Monitoring Data of EANET and Policy … · 2018-11-11 · EANET and Policy...
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Characteristics of Monitoring Data of EANET and Policy Implications for Atmospheric Environment in East Asia Ken Yamashita Asia Center for Air Pollution Research (ACAP) Masazumi Ao, Shuhei Ohno Yokohama City University 15 Nov. 2018 BAQ, Kuching 1
Transcript of Characteristics of Monitoring Data of EANET and Policy … · 2018-11-11 · EANET and Policy...
Characteristics of Monitoring Data ofEANET and Policy Implications for
Atmospheric Environment in East Asia
Ken YamashitaAsia Center for Air Pollution Research (ACAP)
Masazumi Ao, Shuhei Ohno
Yokohama City University
15 Nov. 2018
BAQ, Kuching
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Science background of the environmental standard: ozone
1970-80: evaluation for the value of 1 hour
(60-120ppb)
Taking into account of the results of scientific studies on human health (and environment)
After 1990: evaluation for maximum daily 8 hours mean (50-70ppb)
Environmental Standard in Japan, USA, EU and WHO
Year Japan USA:NAAQS(primary and secondary)
EU: Air Quality Standards
WHO: Air Quality Guideline
Ozone(Ox) Ozone Ozone Ozone
1971 80:1 hour(Ox)
1973 60: 1 hour
1979 120:1 hour
1987 75-100:1 hour
1992 55: max daily 8-hour mean
1997 80:max daily 8-hourmean
2000 60:max daily 8-hour mean
2006 50:max daily 8-hour mean
2008 75:max daily 8-hour mean
2010 60:max daily 8-hour mean
2015 70:max daily 8-hour mean
Ox: Photo-chemical Oxidant
Ozone(ppb)
3
Science background of the environmental standard: PM
1970-80: evaluation for TSP, SPM, PM10
Taking into account of the results of scientific studies on human health, and development of measuring technology
After 1990: evaluation of PM2.5 for acute and chronic effect on human health
Environmental Standard in Japan, USA, EU and WHO:PM
YearJapan USA:NAAQS
(primary)EU:Air Quality
StandardsWHO:Air Quality
Guideline
SPM PM2.5 PM10 PM2.5 PM10 PM2.5 PM10 PM2.5
1971
75:annual mean260:24-hour mean (TSP)
1973
100: daily mean200: 1-hour mean
1980150:annual mean300:24-hour mean (SP)
1987
50:annual mean150:24-hour mean
1997 15:annual mean65:24-hour mean
1999 40:annual mean50:24-hour mean
2005
20:annual mean50:24-hour mean
10:annual mean25:24-hour mean
2006 150:24-hour mean
15:annual mean35:24-hour mean
200915:annual mean35:daily mean
2010 25annual mean
2012 12:annual mean35:24-hour mean
(μg/㎥)
5
Listvyanka
Irkutsk
Mondy
Ulaanbaatar
Rishiri
Primorskaya Ochiishi
Tappi
Xiamen
Tokyo
Happo
Ijira
Ogasawara
Banryu
Yusuhara
Oki
Hedo
Xi’an
Mt. Sto Tomas
Metro Manilla
Los Banos
Da Nang
Cuc Phuong
Ha Noi
Hoa Binh
Yangon
Khanchanaburi
Bangkok
Chiang Mai
Phnom Penh
Tanah Rata
Petaling Jaya
Kototabang
Jakarta
Serpong
Bandung
Maros
Danum Valley
Kuching
Urban
Rural
Remote
Kanghwa
Imsil
Cheju
Vientiane
Sado-Seki
Terelj
Chongqing
Zhuhai
Samutprakarn
Pathumthani
Ho Chi Minh
Can Tho
Yen Bai
Mandalay
Nakhon Ratchasima
Acid Deposition Monitoring Network in East Asia (EANET) Monitoring Sites (2018)
Russia: 4
Mongolia: 2
China: 9
R. of Korea: 3
Japan: 12
Philippines: 3
Vietnam: 7
Lao PDR: 1
Cambodia: 1
Thailand: 9
Myanmar: 2
Malaysia: 4
Indonesia: 5
(ppb)
Urbansite O3>70(USEPA), O3>50(WHO)Rural
siteRemotesite
Ozone 8-hour average daily max (annual 4th value)
of EANET monitoring data (2000-2016)
YearBanry
uHappo Hedo Ijira Oki Rishiri
Sado-seki
TappiYusuh
araOchiis
hiOgasawara
Mondy Cheju ImsilKangh
waChiang
maiKhanchanaburi
Samutprakarn
Bangkok
NaiMueang
Ulaanbaatar
2000 85.6 105.4 83.1 97.7 91 74.9 94.5 88 77.6 80.2
2001 86.3 110.1 82.2 106 83.5 90 93.9 104.7 63.3 71.4 26.1
2002 89.6 98.8 96.9 76.7 102.6 82.5 88.7 87.7 85.1 77.6 58.9 77
2003 82 107.4 85.2 94.6 71.4 94.5 98.6 74.2 74.6 57 20.2 33.3
2004 90 108.8 80.6 85.9 90.4 84.7 98.7 85.8 86.2 65.5 68.8 41.4 20.8
2005 112.7 77.2 82.4 90 91.3 97.2 88.7 66 29.6
2006 76.8 147.6 88.6 64.8 93.4 99.7 92.4 103.1 67.2 62.3 32 25.6
2007 82.6 73.1 98.1 108.7 72.1 49.3 47.4 37.6
2008 101.6 95.8 93 72.6 107.7 87.8 103.1 102.4 84.8 78.9 61.3 48.4 43.1 35.4 20.6
2009 92.2 93.6 91.8 65.2 97.9 94.8 97.9 80.1 79 64.8 60.5 47.3 35.7 27.8
2010 86.2 55.5 110.5 69.3 92.1 83.7 97 58.5 84.9 67.6 61.3 53.3 29.2 58.9
2011 86 111.6 86.6 56.5 89 88.5 98.8 66.9 73.9 70.6 71.2 52.4 97.9 57.5 44 64.4
2012 87.8 90.8 76.9 79.3 96.9 63.7 87 74.5 83.2 66.7 70.3 52.5 95.1 63 95.9 103.3
2013 86.5 90.4 80.6 78.8 109.9 66.3 84.5 75.8 82 69.7 75.1 50.5 98.5 96.4 124.5 77.6 50.3 106 105.4
2014 84.6 93.5 90.3 65.7 98.3 102.8 83.8 91 86.1 78.1 40.6 101.5 100.6 120 88.1 78.5 96.8 98.3
2015 82 84.3 77.1 75.6 97 77.8 96.9 78.8 86.9 78 60.3 103.6 96.9 104.1 74 71.9 91.7 83.8 74.1 41.7
2016 75.4 72.1 78.7 93.1 84.7 70.1 78.2 73.5 75.0 68.9 62.2 85.5 90.1 110.0 92.4 82.0 77.4 68.8
PM2.5>12(y)/35(d)(USEPA): 8th value (98%)
PM2.5>10(y)/25(d)(WHO): 4th value
(μg/m3)
Urbansite
Ruralsite
Remotesite
Annual mean and maximum of daily average of PM2.5 of EANET monitoring data (2000-2016) - I
Ochiishi Oki Rishiri BangkokChiang Mai (Si
Phum)Happo Banryu Hedo Hoa Binh Ijira
Year/mean
annual daily max annual daily max annual daily max annual daily max annual daily max annual daily max annual daily max annual daily max annual daily max annual daily max
2000 12 33.7/28.6
2001 12.5 38.8/33.5 9 26.3/25.0
2002 14.1 53.5/40.1 8.1 30.1/20.0
2003 12.3 35.9/33.8 9.8 42.4/29.9
2004 13.3 36.6/34.3 8.2 26.4/22/7
2005 15.2 39.7/33/4 8.2 34.6/28.4
2006 14.8 41.9/38.4 8.1 22.9/20.3
2007 14.4 44.4/40.4 7.6 20.5/17.1
2008 14.9 91.8/52.8 14.1 41.6/34/7 9.1 36.6/27.0
2009 11.7 50.9/31/1 12.1 35.2/32.9 8.4 26.7/25.1
2010 12.8 52.2/38.3 12 33.0/29.4 8.7 25.0/21.6
2011 11.5 35.4/28.4 14.5 38.9/34.4 8.5 24.6/22.7
2012 10.2 30.9/25.2 13.1 38.7/33/4 7.5 24.3/19.7
2013 7.4 22.7/19.5 14.9 50.5/38.2 7.2 23.0/19.9
2014 7.5 29.1/24.9 13 44.6/38.7 8.7 35.1/26.8
2015 8.7 29.4/25.9 12.9 39.0/35.7 8.3 37.6/31.7 18.4 48.0/42.1 32.5 202.1/159 6.9 20.8/19.5 12.5 33.1/28.7 10.4 26.2/24.6 39.7116.5/99.
311 33.5/27.1
2016 7.7 23.3/21.2 11.8 38.3/30.3 7.2 24.4/20.2 23.2 53.8/49.7 32.1111.4/100
.26.2 20.2/15.9 11.8 31.4/28.5 10.4 28.0/26.8 46.2 9.1 24.9/22.9
PM2.5>12(y)/35(d)(USEPA): 8th value (98%)
PM2.5>10(y)/25(d)(WHO): 4th value
(μg/m3)
Urbansite
Ruralsite
Remotesite
Annual mean and maximum of daily average of PM2.5 of EANET monitoring data (2000-2016) - II
Ijira Khanchanaburi Mandalay Metro Manila Ogasawara Sado-seki Tappi Ulaanbaatar Yusuhara Cheju Kanghwa
Year/mean
annualdaily max
annualdaily max
annualdaily max
annualdaily max
annualdaily max
annualdaily max
annualdaily max
annualdaily max
annualdaily max
annualdaily max
annualdaily max
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015 11 33.5/27.1 28 60.9/50.5 47.6169.7/11
7.322 35.0/31.0 7 18.3/15.8 10.4 33.0/29.9 9.6 28.6/24.2 49.2
184.0/161.5
10.9 31.6/28.0
2016 9.1 24.9/22.9 33.3120.1/11
1.519.6 43.0/38.0 5.8 15.0/13.0 9.7 26.7/22.1 9.1 27.1/23.5 52.8
245.2/228.5
10.4 30.5/27.8 20.6 62.3/49.6 27.7 63.1/57.5
NO2 annual mean and 1-hour value of EANET monitoring data
(ppb)
NO2>53(y)/100(h)(USEPA) (8th for 1-hour value)
NO2>21(y)/104(h)(WHO) (max for 1-hour value)Urbansite
Ruralsite
Remotesite
Bangkok Cheju Ulaanbaatar Banryu Kanghwa Imsil NaiMueang Samutprakarrn HappoChangPhueak
Si Phum
Yearannual mean
1 hour value
annual mean
1 hour value
annual mean
1 hour value
annual mean
1 hour value
annual mean
1 hour value
annual mean
1 hour value
annual mean
1 hour value
annual mean
1 hour value
annual mean
1 hour value
annual mean
1 hour value
annual mean
1 hour value
2000 4.28 41.1/21.4 17.6 126/78 1.91 8.8/7.1
2001 24.7 129/95 4.01 29.6/20.9 19.5 136/111 1.91 8.8/7.1
2002 28.6 141/110 3.67 26.6/19.6 16.2 157/80
2003 3.95 25.4/18.4
2004 3.45 22.3/17.4
2005 3.65 30.6/14.5
2006 2.49 12.3/9.6
2007 16.3 106/71 3.29 31.2/16.2 19.5 123/98
2008 3.35 17.5/14.3
2009 2.75 21/15.7
2010 2.61 16.2/12.5
2011 24.6 112/97 2.46 26.9/13 22.4 104/67
2012 24.7 94/83 1.89 24.2/9.9 17.2 94/79
2013 25.3 115/92 3.38 20.6/16.5 1.73 13.6/8.6 5.73 53.2/45 5.13 39.2/26.8 15 95/82
2014 20.4 142/99 3.3 24.9/16.6 1.75 14.7/9.3 5.86 46.5/37.9 4.03 28.4/17.6 12.4 89/60
2015 14.4 64/59 3.72 26.7/16.4 30.3 100.4/68 1.58 11.1/9.4 7.39 100.7/57.4 4.37 37.3/23.9 15.2 124/9 10.5 85/57
2016 16.1 92.0/16.1 3.1 21.6/15.6 35.8 104.6/83.1 1.75 12.6/9.6 6.83 67.6/49.7 4.6 38.9/24.0 17.7 101/83 9.28 71/59 18.9 98/75
Emissions in Asia: Regions
SO2[Mt/yr]
NOx[MtNO2/yr]
BC [Mt/yr]
OC[Mt/yr]
CO[Mt/yr]
PM2.5[Mt/yr]
source：Junichi Kurokawa(ACAP)
China India Japan E Asia S Asia SE Asia
An integrated approach to air quality management
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Regulatory
Measures
Fiscal
Measures
Option of
Technology
Policies
Inventories
Modeling
Monitoring
EmissionTransport/
Chemical
reaction
Exposure/
Deposition Effects
Assessment
[Cost & Benefit]
Source: ACAP
International Air Pollution Initiatives in Asia
13
Science Panel
(Scientific view)
Joint Forum(communication)
Asia Pacific Clean Air Partnership (APCAP)
EANET Male Declaration Haze Agreement
ABC
CCAC
IBAQ ACP LTP NEASPECInte
rnat
ion
al A
tmosp
her
ic
En
vir
on
men
t In
itia
tive
Country in the Asia・Pacific
Region
NEACAP
CLRTAP UN Environment WMO
Characteristics of international initiatives
14
policy, counter measure
monitoring, modelling
EANET Male Declaration
Haze Agreement
ABC
CCACIBAQ
ACP
LTP
NEASPEC
NEACAP
CLRTAP
UN Environment
WMO
Summary and Suggestion
• Monitoring data is essential for the environmental policy based on the scientific evidence.
• PM2.5 and ozone are major air pollutants in terms of health impacts in both urban and remote area in East Asia.
• Cooperation/collaboration among international initiatives are necessary for the integrated approach.
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Thank you for your attention!
