Ingles 2011 May Charla Joyce de Ginatta
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Dollarization causes and consequences
Madrid – Spain, May 2011
Joyce H. de Ginatta www.fiepymes.com www.joyceginatta.com www.dolarizacionecuador.com
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CHANGE CRONOLOGY
JANUARY 1996
FIRST MACROECONOMIC PLAN IS PRESENTED
SEPTEMBER 1998 DOLLARIZATION IS
PROPOSED AS A METHOD TO ELIMINATE DISCRETION IN MONETARY POLICIES, WHICH HAD IMPOVERISH THE COUNTRY. FEDERACION INTERAMERICANA EMPRESARIAL - FIE
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CHANGE CRONOLOGY
FEDERACION INTERAMERICANA EMPRESARIAL - FIE
March 8, 1999: The Ecuadorian
goverment announces a bank holiday
of 48 hours, which was extended
indefinitely, freezing bank deposits
April 6,1999: A press conference is
given by the Production Chamber’s
executives in order to present the new
change proposal. 3
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CHANGE CRONOLOGY
FEDERACION INTERAMERICANA EMPRESARIAL - FIE
April 8, 1999: MARCHA DEL
CRESPÓN NEGRO, and the Governor’s
Guillermo Lasso formal presentation of a
proposal of an AGENDA FOR THE DEEP
MEANINGFULL IMMEDIATE CHANGE THAT
THE COUNTRY REQUIRES.
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CHANGE CRONOLOGY
FEDERACION INTERAMERICANA EMPRESARIAL - FIE
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CHANGE CRONOLOGY
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CHANGE CRONOLOGY
I PRESENT THE GOVERNMENT AND THE COUNTRY AN ECONOMIC PLAN THAT INCLUDES A SET OF PUBLIC POLICIES THAT WOULD DRIVE ECUADOR TO BECOME A FIRST WORLD COUNTRY IN A FEW YEARS.
JUNE 28, 1999
FEDERACION INTERAMERICANA EMPRESARIAL - FIE
BY THIS TIME, THE SUCRE HAD
LOST A LOT OF VALUE AND THE
ECONOMIC SITUATION WAS
GETTING WORSE. HYPERINFLATION WAS NEAR
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THE LOST DECADES: CURRENCY EXCHANGE RATE
(sucres in dollars)
Fuente: Banco Central del Ecuador (BCE). Elaboración: Federación Interamericana Empresarial (FIE)
1980 1990 SEP
1999 JAN
2000
CURRENCY EXCHANGE
RATE 27,41 821,14 12.004 25.000
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VICIOUS CIRCLE: CLOSE TO HYPERINFLATION
On March 8, 1999 The Government decided to freeze bank deposits, 70% of the Ecuadorians resources were frozen.
Nov-Dec 1999, the monetary base increased approximately 40%, most of it was currency in circulation.
during the five first days of January 2000, the Central Bank devalued the sucre a 25.89%
In just one year, most of the liquid value of ecuadorians patrimony was "stolen."
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Inflation in Sucres increased dramatically
Inflación Anual
0,0
20,0
40,0
60,0
80,0
100,0
120,0
En
e-9
8
Ma
r-9
8
Ma
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8
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Se
p-9
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No
v-9
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%
Fuente: Banco Central del Ecuador (BCE). Elaboración: Federación Interamericana Empresarial (FIE)
En diciembre de 1999 la inflación superó el 60% y en julio de 2000 superó el 100%.
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Dollarization was Ecuadorians choice
Money have three main functions: means of exchange, a unit of measurement, and value reserve.
Sucre did not fulfilled the functions of money.
Economic agents started demanding a save currency (DOLLAR) and avoid bad money (Sucre).
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Salary of a secretary before dollarization:
1997: $3.542.400 sucres = US$800
DEC 1999: $4.000.000 sucres = US$160
Dollarization was Ecuadorians choice
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January 9, 2000: dollarization is official to the Ecuadorian economy
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DOLLARIZATION: A SHIELD FOR THE POLITICAL CRISIS
Presidents have been removed, The Supreme Justice Court has been avoided, and there have been many other political crises in Ecuador, but the economy kept moving forward because of the security dollarization provided.
* Portada de revista MiPYMES, Marzo – Abril 2005.
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DOLLARIZATION HAS PROVIDED PRICE STABILITY
DOLLARITAZION HELPED THE COUNTRY TO KEEP THE LOWEST RATES OF INFLATION OF ITS HISTORY
FEDERACION INTERAMERICANA EMPRESARIAL - FIE
Fuente: Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas y Censos (INEC).
DEC/99 MAR/05 AUG/06 APR/11
INFLATION 60,7 % 1,6 % 3,36% 3,88%
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OPPOSITORS ALLEGED THAT DOLLARIZATION WOULD PREJUDICE THE LOWER CLASSES !FALSE!
DOLLARIZATION HAS RETURN THE PURCHASING POWER TO THE LOWEST SALARIES.
FEDERACION INTERAMERICANA EMPRESARIAL - FIE
(US$) 2000 2007 2010
INCOME PER PERSON*
US$53,5 US$198,2 US$279,9
* MINIMUM WAGE+ COMPLEMENTARY PAYMENTS .
Fuente: Banco Central del Ecuador (BCE). 17
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OPPOSITORS ALLEGED THAT DOLLARIZATION WOULD RISE UNEMPLOYMENT !FALSE!
DOLLARIZATION IS ONE OF THE BASES FOR CREATE PRODUCTIVE EMPLOYEMENT.
FEDERACION INTERAMERICANA EMPRESARIAL - FIE
JAN. 2000 AUG 2007 MAR 2011
UNEMPLOYEMENT 17% 9,8% 7,0%
Fuente: Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas y Censos (INEC) 18
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Fuente: Banco Central del Ecuador (BCE).
FEDERACION INTERAMERICANA EMPRESARIAL - FIE
OPPOSITORS ALLEGED THAT DOLLARIZATION WOULD LIMIT ECONOMIC GROWTH : !FALSE!
(Mill US$) 1999 2003 2010
PIB 16.674 28.636 57.978
(Var %) 1999 2003 2010
PIB -6,3% 3,58% 3,58%
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OPPOSITORS ALLEGED THAT DOLLARIZATION WOULD END EXPORTS: !FALSO!
FEDERACION INTERAMERICANA EMPRESARIAL - FIE
Fuente: Banco Central del Ecuador (BCE).
Exports by group of products Million dollars FOB
TOTAL Exports Total Oil Total no Oil Total Traditional
Total No Traditional
1999 4.451 1.480 2.971 1.156 1.815
2003 6.223 2.607 3.616 1.737 1.879
2010 17.490 9.673 7.817 3.706 4.111
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Total Exports (Mill US$)
Sucre devaluation
1990 - 1999 38.757 97%
2000 - 2009 98.447 0%
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OPPOSITORS ALLEGED THAT WITH DOLLARIZATION INTEREST RATES WILL NOT FALL : !FALSE!
DOLLARIZATION HAS LOWER THE INTEREST RATES
DEC 1999
AUG 2006 MAY 2011
INTEREST 69,94% 8,50% 8,34%
FEDERACION INTERAMERICANA EMPRESARIAL - FIE
Fuente: Banco Central del Ecuador (BCE). 21
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(Mill US$) DEC 1999 DEC 2006 APR 2011
DEPOSITS US$2.847 US$8.756 US$16.631
FEDERACION INTERAMERICANA EMPRESARIAL - FIE
Fuente: BCE.
DOLLARIZATIONS HAS STRENGTHENED THE FINANCIAL SYSTEM
PRIVATE BANK DEPOSIST HAVE INCREASED, AS WELL AS CREDITS
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HOUSEHOLD INTAKES HAVE INCREASED.
(Mill US$) 2000 2006 2010
INTAKES US$10.357 US$26.805 US$39.281
FEDERACION INTERAMERICANA EMPRESARIAL - FIE
Fuente: BCE.
DOLLARIZATION WILL IMPOVERISH
PEOPLE !FALSE!
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DOLLARIZATION
Benefits:
Monetary Stability
Lower inflation rates
Lower interest rates
Removal of currency exchange risk (no risk of devaluation)
Elimination of discretionary monetary policy
Threats Loss of inflation
tax
Monetary policy elimination (e.g. unable to devaluate for “promoting” exports)
No las chance lender. 24
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CONCLUSIONS:
Dollarization is only a monetary regimen that solves the inflationary issue.
Dollarization is not enough to achieve sustainable economic growth
It is necessary to restraint the fiscal policy.
Institutional reforms are basic for opening new markets and eliminate of monopolies
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CURRENT PROBLEMS: PUBLIC EXPENDITURE
Fuente: OPF
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YEAR Total Public Expenditure
Millios US$
2000 3.889 2001 4.947 2007 12.554 2008 22.094
2010 22.000 2011 23.950
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SOLUTIONS:
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FIRST WORLD TOOLS
- INVESTMENT ATTRACTION
- LEGAL SECURITY
- COMPETITIVENESS
- RED TAPE ELIMINATION
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SOLUTIONS:
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FIRST WORLD TOOLS
- FISCAL AND FINANCIAL SECTOR
- STATE BUDGET
- TAX SYSTEM
- INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL DEBT
- FRESH CAPITAL
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SOLUTIONS:
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ELIMINATION OF MONOPOLIES
- OIL SECTOR
- ELECTRICITY SECTOR
- TELECOMMUNICATIONS SECTOR
FREE TRADE
- TLC s.
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CHILE: 10 DEVELOPMENT VIRTUES
1. COUNTRY OPEN TO THE WORLD
2. WORKING INSTITUTIONS
3. PRESIDENTIAL CONSTITUTION
4. HIGH SOCIAL-ECONOMICAL CLASS CARES FOR THE FUTURE OF THE COUNTRY (THE MOST IMPORTANT)
5. COMMON COUNTRY PROYECT. STATE POLICIES.
6. EVERYONE CLEARLY UNDERSTANDS THE IMPORTANCE OF ECONOMIC GROWTH
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CHILE: 10 DEVELOPMENT VIRTUES
7. NO CHANCE FOR POPULISM, DEMAGOGY OR TERRORISM.
8. SMALL, MODERN AND EFFICIENT STATE
9. PUBLIC - PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP
10. POLITICIANS ALLOW THE PRIVATE SECTOR TO WORK
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“MEN WHO ARE INDIFFERENT TO THE
UNFORTUNATE OF THE NATION, EVEN
THOUGH THEY ARE
PRIVATELYLABORIOUS, ARE
UNCONSCIOUS ASSISTANTS OF
CALAMITY AND CORRUPTION OF THE
PEOPLE
Eloy Alfaro President of Ecuador
Addressed to the Nation in 1895 32
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Madrid – España, Mayo de 2011
Joyce H. de Ginatta www.fiepymes.com www.joyceginatta.com www.dolarizacionecuador.com
Thank You