Information Gathering With Google

Maximiliano Solere-Mail:Twitter: @maxisoler

Information Gathering

with Google

2c0c0n 2010 @ Kochi, India

Information Gathering with Google

Presentation



Who am I?

Maximiliano Soler, Security Researcher & Enthusiast. Actually

working as Security Administrator, in a International Bank. I have

discovered vulnerabilities in different applications Web and products

of Microsoft.

Too working like Security Consultant in some projects: OWASP,

WASSEC, Security-Database and Zero Science Lab.

Fanatic of the open standards like CVE, CWE, OVAL, CCE.



Objective of the Talk

Demonstrate the variety of information to which is possible to access

without using sophisticated mechanisms, within reach of anyone.

From the Browser to our objective, gathering information to carry out

the attack.



General Information



Why Google?

» It only returns pages that contain the terms that you entered.

» It considers the location of the search terms in the page.

» It offers an outstanding summary of each result.

» It keeps pages Web in your cache.



Information Ga…what?

A great part of process of hacking or harm systems, consist on the

gathering information.

Without the appropriated investigation, on what services, ports,

applications o Web servers are running it would take us very much of

time carry out the attack or win access to the objective system.

The technique is considered an activity of the passive type. It

doesn't involve invasion or manipulation of the objective. It is

hidden.



Information Ga…what?

This information can be obtained through public resources, executing

utilities like Whois, NSLookup, NetCraft, DNS Reports or simply

looking for manually through the Web.



Stages of Information Gathering

01 - Gathering information

02 - Locating the network range

03 - Identifying active machines

04 - Finding open ports and applications

05 - Detecting operating systems

06 - Fingerprinting services

07 - Mapping the network

Source: Certified Ethical Hacker, EC Council



Stages of Information Gathering

Information Gathering about the objective.

Identify vulnerabilities.

Exploit vulnerabilities.

got r00t?



Using Google

Dorks / Search Operators



Using Google


What are they?

The operators of search of Google are consultation terms or

symbols that carry out special actions. These operators allow to be

what you look for in a quick and precise way, offering additional

control beyond the page Advanced Search.




How do they work?

Use of quotation marks “”: It can specify to the motor of Google that wants to look for an expression made up of two or more words literally, writing the terms to look for among quotation marks.

Example: “c0c0n 2010”.

Asterisk "*": It allows to substitute words, and to enlarge this way the searches.

Example: “c0c0n *”.




AND: In a predetermined way Google looks for results uniting the words introduced by the user using this operator. This way the final result of a search without specifying anything or using will be the same.

Example: “c0c0n AND security conference“.

Operator "–": It is good to exclude results of the search. It should be specified before the term to obviate.

Example: “c0c0n -Hacking".




OR or symbol"|": The condition “OR” indicates that could not be simultaneously the two words in each result of the search, but each one of them for separate, it will specify the operator OR among the terms that should complete this approach.

Example: “c0c0n OR Security Conference”.

Operator “~”: It allows to look for synonyms of a term.

Example: "~Security“.




Ranges "num1..num2": If the beginning of a range is known, is possible to look for until a certain number.

Example: “72.14.253.104..255“.

Various operators in a logical way can be used, containing them among parenthesis.




inanchor: allinanchor:

intext: allintext:

intitle: allintitle:

inurl: allinurl:

link: cache:

filetype: define:

phonebook: related:

info: site:

id:




intitle:

site: inurl: filetype:




inanchor: It only shows the pages that have the keyword or keywords in the text of the links that point to her. Based on the backlinks or external links.

allinanchor: Contrary to the previous sample the whole coincidence.

intext: It only shows the pages that have the keyword or keywords inside the body of the pages.

allintext: It only shows the pages that have the keyword or keywords in the text of the page. Complete coincidence.




intitle: It shows only the pages that have the keyword or keywords inside the title of the pages.

allintitle: It establishes a complete coincidence of the looked for terms.

inurl: It shows only the pages that have the keyword o keywords in the URL of pages.

allinurl: It establishes a complete coincidence of the looked for terms.




link: It shows the links of a domain of Web pages.

cache: It shows cache of a domain of Web pages.

define: It shows definitions for a search.

related: It shows Web pages related.

phonebook: It looks for in the public listings of telephones, name, address, telephone numbers.

info: o id: It will show information that Google keeps about a place or resource Web.




filetype: It filters the results for file types. (pdf, ppt, doc, txt, etc).

site: It shows the indexed Web pages by Google for a domain or subdomain. Depending if is specified “www”, it will include or not the subdomains.



and Now…

What we can find?!



What we can find?!

» Vulnerable products.» Error messages.» Files that contain sensitive information.» Files that contain passwords.» Files that contain usernames.» Foot-holds and support information to the access.» Pages with access forms.» Pages that contain relative data to vulnerabilities.» Directory sensitive.» Sensitive information on e-commerce and e-banking.» Devices online hardware.» Vulnerable files.» Vulnerable servers.» Detection of Web Servers.



What we can find?!

Maybe this it is your face, after seeing all the information that we can find.



» Vulnerable products

Through different publications about vulnerabilities discovered, we

can identifying vulnerable servers. Generally related to the versions.



» Vulnerable products

inurl:gov.ar + intext:phpinfo



» Error messages

The error messages, many times they offer valuable information to

understand how the applications/scripts is executed and what user

they use is this time.



» Error messages

intext:"access denied for user" "using password" inurl:gov.ar



» Files that contain sensitive information

Without users or passwords, interesting and useful information.



» Files that contain sensitive information

inurl:gov.ar inurl:robots.txt



» Files that contain passwords

And yes, passwords! as easy as to look for. :-D



» Files that contain passwords

inurl:gov.ar + inurl:config.xml



» Files that contain usernames

Files that contain usernames, without passwords.



» Files that contain usernames

inurl:admin inurl:userlist



» Foot-holds and support information to the access

A simple way to win access, looking for files without protection.



» Foot-holds and support information to the access

intitle:"PHP Shell *" "Enable stderr" filetype:php



» Pages with access forms

The typical login pages, through portals, blogs, or any system that it

is administered via Web.



» Pages with access forms

inurl:gov.ar inurl:wp-login.php



» Pages that contain relative data to vulnerabilities

Interesting information, firewall logs, report of vulnerabilities,

services in execution and muuuch more.



» Pages that contain relative data to vulnerabilities

intitle:"Nessus Scan Report" "This file was generated by Nessus"



» Directory sensitive

Depending on the case, we will find information more or less

sensitive. Use general.



» Directory sensitive

inurl:backup intitle:index.of inurl:admin



» Sensitive information on e-commerce and e-banking

Where do you buy and what do you buy? information about clients,

salespersons, order of purchase, and e-commerce exposed.



» Sensitive information on e-commerce and e-banking

inurl:"shopadmin.asp" "Shop Administrators only"

SecurityTracker Alert ID: 1004384



» Devices online hardware

The possibility to administer printers, video cameras, to spy to other,

etc.



» Devices online hardware

intitle:"EverFocus EDSR Applet"

Which is the default login?! YES, it works!



» Vulnerable files

A lot of vulnerable files, within reach of a click.



» Vulnerable files

intext:"File Upload Manager v1.3" "rename to"



» Vulnerable servers

Different ways of access to servers, installations by default, scripts

without configuring.



» Vulnerable servers

intitle:"Remote Desktop Web Connection"



» Detection of Web Servers

Identify through versions, vulnerable servers, access by default,

documents of help, logins, etc.



» Detection of Web Servers

intext:"Microsoft-IIS/5.0 server at" inurl:gov.*



Looking for the Code



» Looking for the Code

Google provides a simple way of finding vulnerabilities in software,

through Google Code Search, we can find vulnerabilities in the

code source.

http://www.google.com/codesearch




JavaServer Pages (.jsp) Cross Site Scripting

<%=.*getParameter




JavaServer Pages (.jsp) SQL Injection

executeQuery.*getParameter




PHP - Cross Site Scripting

lang:php (print\(|echo)\s\$_(GET|REQUEST)



Playing with the API of Google

What are the APIs?

API is the initials of Application Programming Interface. In other words, they are the methods that the developer of any application offers to other developers so that they can use with its application.

With what programming languages can I use the APIs of Google?

The developers can make petitions to Google, using several languages, as Java, Perl or Visual Studio. NET, others.



Playing with the API of Google

What applications can I make with the APIs of Google?

So a lot of applications can be developed in environment Web and inside a classic program too.

How does the APIs of Google work?

The applications wrote by the developers are connected to the service Web API of Google. This communication is carried out by the protocol named SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol). It is based on XML, and it is used for the exchange of information among applications.



Tools and Utilities



Tools

Gooscan v1.0

Gooscan is a tool that automates the consultations toward Google. Thought as a Scanner CGI, the communication is not made directly on the objective. It is Google who responds.

Features

» Developed in C.» Is possible to add or remove dorks.» Automate searches can infringe the Terms of Use of Google.

http://security-sh3ll.blogspot.com/2008/11/gooscan-automated-google-hacking-tool.html



Tools

SiteDigger v3.0

SiteDigger looks for in the cache of Google, to find vulnerabilities, errors, configuration by defaultt, and another type of information related to the security of the Website.

Features

» Improved user interface, signature upgrade and page of results.» API of Google doesn't require.» Support for Proxy and TOR.» Results in real time.. » Update of signatures.» Possibility to keep the signatures and configuration.» Requires: Microsoft .NET Framework v3.5



SiteDigger v3.0

http://www.foundstone.com/us/resources/proddesc/sitedigger.htm



Tools

Athena v2.0

It uses files XML with the searches, it can be personalized. It works in the same way that a navigator Web.

Features

» Compatibility with SiteDigger.» Modify files XML.» It doesn’t use API of Google.» A search at the same time.» Requires: Microsoft .NET Framework v1.1

http://snakeoillabs.com/wordpress/2004/11/07/athena-20-is-go/



Tools

Athena v2.0



Tools

ProminentDork v1.0

Oriented to carry out fuzzing and to find SQLi, XSS, LFI, RFI trough Google.

Features

» Developed in C#, license GNU.» Multiple queries.» Support for GHDB.» Use Proxy.» Recognizes the CAPTCHA.

http://prominentsecurity.com



Tools

ProminentDork v1.0



Tools

Advanced Dork (Firefox Addon)

It is an extension for Firefox that allows in an easy and quick way through a contextual menu to use more than 15 dorks.

https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/2144/



Tools

Advanced Dork (Firefox Addon)



Social Engineering

Increasing the game



Social Engineering…increasing the game

We can discover information about the administrators and the environment where they act:

» Used technologies, via job searches.

» Level of knowledge, via technical publications.

» Hobbies.

» Skills.

» Friends, via social networks like Facebook,

Linkedin, Google/Yahoo! Groups,).

» Or also...personal telephone ;-) ----->



Recommendations



Recommendations

» Secure the Servers and the Web applications used.

» Testing and implementing trough political of security the last

available upgrades.

» Disable the browsing for directory.

» Not to publish sensitive information without authentication.

» Analyze the searches that conduces to our Websites, could be

entering HTTP Logs.



Recommendations

What do we make if we discover that Google is indexing sensitive information?!

We should inform it to Google and they will proceed to eliminate of their cache this information:

http://www.google.com/remove.html



Conclusions



Conclusions

» Information Gathering, is a very useful technique. :-)

» Files with sensitive information, no matter if is deleted of the Web Servers they continue being in the cache of Google.

» Use the google dorks, to see what information we can find about our Website in Google.

» Learn and understand the different techniques and tools mentioned.

» The security by darkness, doesn't exist!

Accept our vulnerability instead of trying to hide it is the best way to adapt to the reality.



Recommended Websites

Google Guide- http://www.googleguide.com/

Dirson- http://google.dirson.com

Official Blog of Google (This Week Search)- http://googleblog.blogspot.com/

Google Help: Cheat Sheet- http://www.google.com/help/cheatsheet.html

Google Hacking Database (Johnny)- http://www.hackersforcharity.org/ghdb/



Recommended Websites

Gooscan v1.0http://security-sh3ll.blogspot.com/2008/11/gooscan-automated-google-hacking-tool.html

SiteDigger v3.0http://www.foundstone.com/us/resources/proddesc/sitedigger.htm

ProminentDork v1.0http://prominentsecurity.com/?p=91

Athena 2.0http://snakeoillabs.com/wordpress/2004/11/07/athena-20-is-go/

Advanced Dork (Firefox Addon)https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/2144/



Questions…



Thank you!!

Maximiliano Solere-Mail:Twitter: @maxisoler

Information Gathering With Google

Technology

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