Infancy Feeding Behaviors Literature Review

Chu, L., Retnakaran, R., Zinman, B., Hanley, A. J. G., & Hamilton, J. K. (2012). Impact of maternal physical

activity and infant feeding practices on infant weight gain and adiposity. International Journal of 

Endocrinology, 2012, 1-9. doi:10.1155/2012/293821

The aim of the study was to determine how maternal physical activity, maternal insulin sensitivity, prepregnancy BMI, infant feeding practices (breastfeeding duration, age of introduction of formula and complementary foods), and screen time contribute to infant weight gain and adiposity at 1 year of age. In a prospective cohort study, mothers underwent testing during pregnancy to assess glucose tolerance status and insulin sensitivity. Anthropometry and questionnaires on physical activity, infant feeding, and screen time were completed. The impact of maternal and infant factors on infant weight gain and weight-for-length z-score at 1 year was determined using multiple-linear regression.

Harvey-Berino, J., & Rourke, J. (2003). Obesity prevention in preschool native-american children: A pilot

study using home visiting. Obesity Research, 11(5), 606-611. doi:10.1038/oby.2003.87

The study sought to determine whether maternal participation in an obesity prevention plus parenting support intervention is more effective in reducing the prevalence of obesity in high-risk Native-American children than a parenting support-only intervention. Baseline and end of treatment assessments included weight and height, dietary intake (3-day food records), physical activity (measured by accelerometers), parental feeding style (Child Feeding Questionnaire), and maternal outcome expectations, self-efficacy, and intention to change diet and exercise behaviors. The results indicate that children in the obesity prevention group gained less weight over the course of the intervention than those in the parenting support intervention.

Hesketh, K. D., Campbell, K., Salmon, J., McNaughton, S. A., McCallum, Z., Cameron, A.. . Crawford, D.

(2013). The melbourne infant feeding, activity and nutrition trial (InFANT) program follow-

up. Contemporary Clinical Trials, 34(1), 145-151. doi:10.1016/j.cct.2012.10.008

The study is a follow-up evaluation of the Melbourne Infant Feeding, Activity and Nutrition Trial (InFANT) Program, which is a community-based, cluster-randomized controlled trial of an obesity prevention intervention delivered to first-time parents of infants from age 4 – 20 months. Researchers will collect data at 2 and 3.5 years post intervention. During data collection

via at home visits, parent questionnaires will be completed/collected. Unscheduled dietary recalls will be conducted after completion of the home visits. Key outcome measures include: anthropometry data (height, weight, and waist circumference); measurement of physical activity and sedentary behaviors through the use of ActiGraph accelerometers and activPAL monitors (contain an inclinometer) both worn for 8 consecutive days and indirectly by parental report; measurement of dietary intake and eating behaviors using the 24-hour recall method; and assessment of mediators and moderators via parent questionnaires.

Hinkley, T., Salmon, J., Hesketh, K., Okely, T., & Crawford, D. (2010). Characterising preschool children's

physical activity: The HAPPY study. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 12, e169-e169.

doi:10.1016/j.jsams.2009.1

The study examines the various influences on preschool children’s physical activity including parental, social, childcare, and neighborhood factors. Parents completed questionnaires about their child’s activities and potential influences, and children wore an accelerometer for 8 days. The results suggest that young children spend a large amount of time being sedentary, but that parental education had no influence on children’s activity levels.

Horodynski, M. A., Olson, B., Baker, S., Brophy-Herb, H., Auld, G., Van Egeren, L.. . Singleterry, L. (2011).

Healthy babies through infant-centered feeding protocol: An intervention targeting early

childhood obesity in vulnerable populations. BMC Public Health,11(1), 868-868.

doi:10.1186/1471-2458-11-868

The Healthy Babies trial aims to determine the effectiveness of a community-based randomized controlled trial of an in-home intervention with economically and educationally disadvantaged mother-infant pairs. The intervention, based on the theory of planned behavior, is being conducted during the infant’s first 6 months of life in order to promote healthy transition to solids. Main maternal outcomes include: maternal responsiveness, feeding style, and feeding practices. The main infant outcome is infant growth pattern. The intervention was developed and refined based on a pilot project, the Infant Feeding Series

Kim, J., & Peterson, K. E. (2008). Association of infant child care with infant feeding practices and weight

gain among US infants.Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, 162(7), 627-633.

doi:10.1001/archpedi.162.7.627

The study considered the effects of infant child care characteristics (age at initiation, types and intensity) on breastfeeding, early introduction of solid foods, and weight gain by using a nationally representative sample of infants enrolled in the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Birth Cohort. Researchers measured each infant’s length and weight at 9 months of age and administered a parent survey questionnaire during a home visit. A cross-sectional analysis of the data collected by the US Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics was performed.

Lande, B., Andersen, L. F., Henriksen, T., Baerug, A., Johansson, L., Trygg, K. U.. . Veierød, M. B. (2005).

Relations between high ponderal index at birth, feeding practices and body mass index in

infancy. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition,59(11), 1241-1249. doi:10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602235

Lande et al used data collected from a large national infant dietary survey to compare feeding practices during the first year of life between infants of high ponderal index (PI) and infants of normal PI at birth. Parents completed a semiquantitative food-frequency questionnaire around 6 months of age and also one around 12 months of age. The SFFQs also provided information on the mother’s and father’s educational levels, gestational age of infant at birth, number of children the mother had, maternal employment status, and maternal smoking status. More detailed descriptions of the SFFQs can be found in other publications: Andersen et al, 2003 and Lande et al, 2003, 2004 (citations below).   Researchers also examined how birth size and infant feeding practices were related to BMI at 12 months of age.

o Andersen, L. F., Lande, B., Arsky, G. H., & Trygg, K. (2003). Validation of a semi-quantitative food-frequency questionnaire used among 12-month-old Norwegian infants. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 57(8), 881-888. doi:10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601621

o B, L., L, A., A, B., K, T., K, L., M, V., & G-E.A, B. (2003). Infant feeding practices and associated factors in the first six months of life: The norwegian infant nutrition survey. Acta Paediatrica, 92(2), 152-161. doi:10.1111/j.16512227.2003.tb00519.x

o Lande, B., Andersen, L. F., Veierød, M. B., Bærug, A., Johansson, L., Trygg, K. U., & Bjørneboe, G. A. (2004). Breast-feeding at 12 months of age and dietary habits among breast-fed and non-breast-fed infants. Public Health Nutrition, 7(4), 495-503. doi:10.1079/PHN2003550

Redsell, S. A., Atkinson, P., Nathan, D., Siriwardena, A. N., Swift, J. A., & Glazebrook, C. (2010). Parents'

beliefs about appropriate infant size, growth and feeding behaviour: Implications for the

prevention of childhood obesity. BMC Public Health, 10(1), 711-711. doi:10.1186/1471-2458-10-

711

The study explored parents’ beliefs in regard to their infant’s size, growth and feeding behavior and parental receptiveness to early intervention aimed at reducing the risk of childhood obesity. Participants completed a questionnaire detailing demographic details and ethnicity, information about family size, infant feeding history, parental weight and height. Data from the questionnaire was analyzed using SPSS software. Focus groups were also conducted following the guidelines presented by Krueger and colleagues (citation below). Transcribed focus groups were entered into NVIVO 8.0.

o Krueger R, Casey M, (Eds.): Focus groups: A practical guide for applied research. 2000, Sage Publications, London

Robinson, S., Marriott, L., Poole, J., Crozier, S., Borland, S., Lawrence, W.. . The Southampton Women's

Survey Study Group. (2007). Dietary patterns in infancy: The importance of maternal and family

influences on feeding practice. British Journal of Nutrition, 98(5), 1029-1037.

doi:10.1017/S0007114507750936

Researchers described dietary patterns of infants who were born to women in the Southampton Women’s Survey (SWS) between 1999 and 2003. Diet was assessed at 6 and 12 months using FFQs they constructed from various sources of dietary information including: Gregory et al., 1995; Marriott  et   al.,  2003; and Robinson et   al.,  2004 (citations listed below). They used principal components analysis (PCA) to identify important patterns of diet at these ages, while also considering maternal and family factors related to these patterns. Such factors include details of mother’s age, number of children, educational attainment, time spent watching television and lifestyle (i.e. smoking status, diet). Stata 9 0 was used to perform a statistical∙ analysis of the data.

o Gregory JR, Collins DL, Davies PSW, Hughes JM & Clarke PC (1995) National Diet and Nutrition Survey: Children Aged 1·5 to 4·5 Years. London: H.M. Stationery Office.

o Marriott LD, Foote KD, Bishop JA, Kimber AC & Morgan JB (2003) Weaning preterm infants: a randomised controlled trial. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 88, F302–F307.

o Robinson S, Crozier SR, Borland SE, Hammond J, Barker DJP & Inskip HM (2004) Impact of educational attainment on the quality of young women’s diets. Eur J Clin Nutr 58, 1174–1180.

Sallis, J. F., & Glanz, K. (2006). The role of built environments in physical activity, eating, and obesity in

childhood. The Future of Children, 16(1), 89-108. doi:10.1353/foc.2006.0009

Sherwood, N. E., JaKa, M. M., Crain, A. L., Martinson, B. C., Hayes, M. G., & Anderson, J. D. (2015).

Pediatric primary Care–Based obesity prevention for parents of preschool children: A pilot

study. Childhood Obesity (Print), 11(6), 674-682. doi:10.1089/chi.2015.0009

The aim of this pilot study was to evaluate the Healthy Homes/Healthy Kids Preschool program. Baseline and 6-month data were collected, including measured parent and child height and weight, accelerometry (ActiGraph GT3X accelerometers), previous day dietary recalls, and parent surveys. The study shows the potential efficacy in already overweight children of a primary care – based obesity prevention intervention.

Thompson, A. L. (2012). Developmental origins of obesity: Early feeding environments, infant growth,

and the intestinal microbiome. American Journal of Human Biology, 24(3), 350-360.

doi:10.1002/ajhb.22254