Industrialization – part 1 (Ch. 9, Sec. 2) 1. Cities Grow During Industrial Revolution 2. Living...
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Transcript of Industrialization – part 1 (Ch. 9, Sec. 2) 1. Cities Grow During Industrial Revolution 2. Living...
Industrialization – part 1(Ch. 9, Sec. 2)
1. Cities Grow During Industrial Revolution2. Living Conditions in Industrial Cities3. Working Conditions During Industrial
Revolution
How did cities change during the Industrial Revolution?
• Populations in cities all throughout Europe began to grow rapidly (urbanization)
• Rural people poured into the city from the countryside looking for jobs
• Factories developed along rivers & coal-rich areas, providing plenty of work
• London became Europe’s largest city, but Manchester & Liverpool also experienced rapid growth
What were living conditions like in the industrial cities?
• Cities grew too rapidly for city managers to keep up with pace
• Cities lacked development plans, building codes, or sanitary codes
• Most cities lacked adequate sewage disposal & garbage collected in heaps in the streets
• People lived in dark, dirty, overcrowded shelters & sickness was widespread
• Epidemics of deadly diseases (cholera) were common
What were working conditions like during the Industrial Revolution?
• Factories owners kept their machines running as many hours as possible
• Most workers put in 12-14 hour days, 6 days a week, in dangerous conditions
• Factories were dark (inadequate lighting), poorly ventilated, & filled with dangers
• There was no compensation for injured workers or even those who died on the job
• Women & children were exploited (lower pay, easier to manage)
Industrialization – part 2 (Ch. 9, Sec. 2)
1. New Middle Class Emerges2. Positive Effects of Industrial Revolution3. Negative Effects of Industrial Revolution
How did the Industrial Revolution change the social class system?
• The Industrial Revolution generated enormous amounts of wealth for factory owners
• A new middle class (including businessmen, bankers, & merchants) changed the social structure
• An upper middle class (professionals) & lower middle class (skilled workers) emerged, both enjoyed comfortable living
• However, the working class (manual labor) saw little improvement in their lives
What were the positive effects of the Industrial Revolution?
• On the positive side, it brought technical advances, created jobs, & increased production
• Machines created a better product at a much cheaper price than workers
• Many people wore better clothing, ate better, & could afford to heat their homes, but changes for working class were slow
• Workers had to form labor unions to battle employers for better pay & working conditions
Women working in factory
What were the negative effects of the Industrial Revolution?
• On the negative side, cities grew very rapidly (urbanization) & city managers were often overwhelmed
• Overcrowded conditions led to sickness & disease in the tenements (slums)
• Working class people saw little improvement in their lives & began to lose jobs to machines
• Workers were exposed to dangerous working conditions with no compensation for injuries or death