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BY-

ABDULLAH MAHMOODBT-ET

ROLL NO -0809533002

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Introduction to BSNL

On October 1, 2000 the Department of Telecom Operations,Government of India became a corporation and waschristened Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited (BSNL).

Services offered by BSNL are: Basic Telephone Services

Internet ISDN

Cellular mobile services(GSM/CDMA)

Wireless in Local Loop.

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OVERVIEW OF LANDLINE

COMMUNICATION There are three basic types of landline communication.

Local dialling.

STD (Subscriber Trunk Dialling). ISD (International Subscriber Dialling).

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LOCAL / WITHIN A CIRCLE

COMMUNICATION

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STD

(Subscriber Trunk Dialling)

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LANDLINE COMMUNICATION

SYSTEM STRUCTURE

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EXCHANGE LAYOUTEXCHANGE :

Equipment which effects interconnected of telephones is known as

switching equipment. The switching centre, which houses the

terminating and switching equipment is called telephone exchange.

PARTS OF EXCHANGE :

Switch Room

Operations and Maintenance (OMC) Room

Input Output processor (IOP) Room

Power Plant Room

Battery Room

Main Distribution Frame (MDF) Room

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VERTICAL SIDE OR LINE SIDEAll the part from vertical side to the subscriber aregenerally called outdoor section:

1. One vertical has 10 tag blocks.

2. Each tag block has 10 rows and each row has 10 tags. Soeach tag block has 100 tags.

3. Connection between vertical side & subscribers are

provided by jelly filled cables.4. These wires are first terminated in cabinet box, then

according to requirements the group of the wires (e.g. 200wires, 100 wires etc.) is terminated in pillar box .

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LEN SIDE All the parts from LEN to the exchange is called indoor

section.

The connection of subscriber from exchange is terminated on

this side of MDF.

In 1 tag block there are 128 tags. Each tag block is divided in

4 segments. That is 0, 1,2 & 3 and in each segments.

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E.W.S.DVarious Hardwares of

EWSD are as follows:

1.DLU(Remote & Local)2.LTG

3.SN

4.CP

5.CCNC

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CONNECTIO N OF 1-LDLU & 2-RDLU

TO SWITCHING NETWORK

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BROADBAND COMMUNICATION

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GSM COMMUNICATION

STRUCTURE A GSM Communication System structure comprises three

following parts.

1.Mobile Station.

2.Base Station Subsystem(BSS).

3.Network/Switching Subsystem(NSS).

4.Operation and Maintenance Subsystem(OMS).

A GSM Network Structure comprises the following areas.1.GSM service area. 2. PLMN service area.

3.MSC service area. 3. Location area.

5.Cells

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A GSM Communication System structure is shown below.

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GSM Services Basic Services.

1.Bearer services

2.Tele-services Supplementary services.

1.Call forwarding service

2.Call Restriction service.

3.Call completion service.

4.Number identification services.

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BTS-BSC Interface

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Differences between GSM/DCS PLMN

and PSTN:PSTN GSM/DCS PLMN

The terminal equipment is

connected via a fixed lineto the exchange.

From a network operators

point of view, a subscriber

is synonymous with itssubscriber line.

The mobile subscriberaccesses the network via a

digital radio interface.

A mobile subscriberidentifies itself by means

of a personal chip card.In order to make a call, thesubscriber only needs toinsert this card in anyGSM mobile equipment.

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Fiber Optics Communication Transmitting communications signals over hair thin strands ofglass or plastic.

Single fiber can carry more communications than the giant

copper cable.

Features of Optical cables are :

Economic, Speed, Distance, Freedom from interference,

Security, Electrical isolation.

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Applications of optical

communication Telephones

Internet

LANs - local area

networks CATV - for video, voice

and Internetconnections

Utilities - managementof power grid

Security - closed-circuitTV and intrusionsensors

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ConclusionIn the practical training for a period of 4 WEEKS , I have

learned a lot about the present scenario in the field of

communication. I have gained knowledge about the

technology used by the company like landline

communication,GSM,CDMA and fiber optic

communication.

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THANK YOU