2nd Industrial Revolution: 1860-1920

Life at the Turn of the Twentieth

Century

Objective

Write:Immigration transformed American life.

MAIN IDEA

A new wave of immigrants came to America in the late 1800s and settled in rapidly changing cities.

OGT Terms

Write:City=Urban

Country=Rural

How did mass immigration at the turn of the 20th century

change/transform the country?

Write:

Mass immigration at the turn of the 20th century made the country more diverse and transformed American life by filling a demand for workers, diffusing new traits into the American culture and impacting the growth of cities

Italian immigrants pose for a photograph on New York City’s Mulberry Street in 1900.

Essential Question: What was it like to move to the United States at the turn of the

century?

Between 1880 and 1910, where did mostof the new wave of immigrants come from?

How many came?

Write:They came from southern and eastern EuropeWrite: 18 million came between 1880 and 1920

Write: Angel Island was an immigrant process center in San Francisco Bay, mostly Asian immigrants ; Ellis Island was an immigrant process center in New York Harbor, European immigrants

How did Angel Island and Ellis Island differ?

Write: Most were from southern and eastern Europe; a few from East Asia; faced discrimination; many took low-wage jobs and lived in crowded tenements

Who were the new immigrants of the late 1800s, and what challenges did they face?

Write: They enabled immigrants to retain some of their culture and to adjust to life in America.

What were the benefits of ethnic neighborhoods?

Little Italy, showing life in lower Manhattan around the turn of the 20th century

Immigrant/Emigrant He emigrated from Russia to the United States.He immigrated to the United States from Russia.

In Russia, he's an emigrant.In the United States, he's an immigrant.

Reasons for Migration to the U.S. Push—reasons

Europeans wanted to leave Europe, especially

Southern and Eastern Europe

Pull—reasons Europeans wanted to come to the

United States:

crop failures available land to farm

extreme poverty available jobs

oppressive governments allowed to have a voice in government

persecution of religious beliefs

a government that gave them more personal freedoms such as: religious freedom, speech, press, etc

Write:

Write:Factory owners needed workers.

Why did the United States follow a policy of unrestricted immigration for Europeans during most of the 1800’s?

Write: native born Americans who resented immigrants

Who were nativists?

(a) What do the shadow figures look like? (b) Was the artist a nativist? (c) What point is the cartoonist trying to make?

Write: (a) immigrants; (b) no; (c) the cartoonist is trying to show that the nativists were once immigrants themselves.

Write:Nativists felt threatened. They thought immigrants contributed to rising crime rates and took jobs from native-born Americans.

Why did nativists oppose immigration?

Some native born Americans wanted to help immigrants assimilate into the American culture. What did they do to help immigrants?

Recent immigrants often attended Americanization classes held in the factory after their work shifts were completed. [YMCA Industrial Service.] 

Write:Schools and volunteer organizations taught immigrants English literacy skills and subjects needed for citizenship, such as American history and government.This process is called Americanization.

Write:federal law banning Chinese immigration for ten years and preventing Chinese from becoming citizens

A cartoon shows Uncle Sam trying to keep Chinese immigrants out using the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1888. (Image courtesy Library of Congress)

What was the Chinese Exclusion Act?