Industrial RevolutionBryn Kelly

Elissa Adams

Period 3

Industrial RevolutionO Industrial Revolution- a period of

rapid growth in using machines for manufacturing and production.

O Started in mid 1700’sO Cities and Populations grew because

of improved trade, agriculture and transportation

O Great Britain -higher demand for manufactured goods

O Economic transition = production become increasingly specialized, mechanized, organized and efficient

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O One of the first breakthroughs was in the textile industry

O Cloth made from cotton and woolO Steam engines helped the machines

depend on something other than the water wheel

Eli WhitneyBy: David Zhang and Mitchell Koganski

American inventor who graduated from Yale University.

Invented things such as the cotton gin and interchangeable parts, advancing the Industrial Age.

He greatly sparked the massive increase of cotton production.

Eli Whitney

People couldn’t make guns fast enough for the government so Eli Whitney tried to solve these problems.

He created interchangeable parts, parts of a machine that are identical, and promised that he could build 10,000 muskets in 2 years.

This helped speed up mass production because now we could make guns a lot faster because we could use any similar part.

Interchangeable Parts

Removed cotton seeds from cotton fibers. It improved production speed and

revolutionized the American industry. One gin could produce 50 times more cotton

than a slave laborer. Cotton needed a large amount of factory

workers and even though slavery was being outlawed in the world, the system was starting to be used even more.

Cotton Gin

Labor Unions

Alex Kothe andMadeleine Grunde-McLaughlin

Horrible working conditions at mills and

factories Low pay Stressful, tedious, dangerous work Cotton dust caused health problems like chronic

cough Deafening noise Dangerous equipment could seriously injure Adults and children were constantly injured

Labor Unions

Children working at a cotton millChildren were often injured during these dangerous jobs

Sarah G. Baley founded Lowell female Labor reform in 1844

• Publicized workers bad situations with pamphlets and petitions

• Wanted to apply the President’s rule of 10 hr. work days to the mill workers (12-14)

New Hampshire, Ohio, Pennsylvania, & other states passed

Others kept long workdays. 1845 she was elected vice president of the New England Working Men’s Association

Sarah G. Baley

SteamboatBy: Eliza Frey and

Darshana Paramesh

Steamboats• Invented by Robert Fulton in

1803• He tested the first commercial

steamboat, the Clearmont, in the US

• First journey was on the Hudson River on August 9th, 1807

• Well-suited for river travel• 500+ steamboats were used in

the US by 1840

Steamboats• Gibbons vs. Ogden: Supreme

Court case in 1824, it ended the monopoly over the waterways

• Freed waters to even greater trade and shipping

STEAMBOAT• European and Americans had made steam-powered boats in

the late 1700’s.• They were not in wide use until the early 1800’s.• The French man, Robert Fulton, tested the first full-sized

commercial steamboat, called the Clermont, In the U.S.A. • On August 9, 1807, the Clermont traveled up the Hudson

River with no trouble, after that the demand for the steamboat ferry rocketed.

• Steamboats increased trade and profit because trade by river was now quicker and easier, thus making it cheaper.

• By 1840 more than 500 steamboats were in use.• By the 1850’s they were used to carry people and goods

across the Atlantic too

COTTON GIN• Cotton Gin is a machine that was created by Eli Whitney to separate the seeds from the short- staple cotton which was hard to process

• It was patented in 1793 • Gin is an abbreviation for engine • The cotton gin made cotton very profitable • Southern farmers left their crops to grown cotton because of the Cotton Gin

• Cotton production spread throughout the South as far West as Texas, this was called the cotton belt

• The Cotton gin ultimately lead to an economic boom

How it Works1. First an operator turns the

crank 2. The crank turns a roller with

teeth that strips away the seeds

3. Brushes on the second roller lift the seedless cotton off the teeth and drops it out of the machine

4. A belt connected the rollers so that they both will turn when the crank is turned

Cotton Gin

Machine

Eli Whitne

y

Nativist Movemen

tsBy: Eliza Frey and Darshana

Paramesh

Nativist Movement• Nativists: people who were against

immigration• The industrialization of America brought

more foreigners• “ Look at the…thieves and

vagabonds(tramps) roaming our streets… monopolizing(taking) business which properly belongs to our native and true-born citizens.” ~from election flyer

Nativist Movement• Know- Nothing Party: created in 1849 to

make it difficult for foreigners to become citizens

• Kept Catholics out of public office as well as immigrants

Temperance Movement

Alex Kothe and Madeleine Grunde-McLaughlin

The temperance movement urged people to use self-discipline to

stop drinking hard liquor Social reformers believed Americans drank too much

Americans believed alcohol abuse was the cause of social problems such as family violence, poverty, and criminal behavior

People were asked to limit themselves to beer and wine in small amounts The American Temperance Society and American Temperance Union

spread the message The clergy believed alcohol was a “sinister temptation from the

devil” and the clergymen thought their job was to rescue the Christians

Minister Lyman Beecher said the alcohol caused those who drank to neglect the education of their families, and corrupt their morals

Temperance

Alex and Brandon, Where is

Prison Reform?

Prison Reform

• The conditions in the prisons were very poor.• Mentally ill people were often jailed with other criminals.• Dorothea Dix was a middle class reformer who reported the

poor conditions, after going to several Massachusetts jails.• Dix impacted prisons greatly, she made it so more than 100

state hospitals gave mentally ill people proper care.• Young prisoners received less severe punishment than adults.• Other reformers attempted to end overcrowding and poor

conditions and also managed to offer education for the prisoners.

By Brooke Zlotshewer and Taylor Mealey

American Anti-Slavery

Society

American Anti-Slavery Society

• Abolitionist were people that supported the complete end to slavery

• The American Anti-Slavery Society, were members who wanted immediate emancipation and

racial equality for African Americans

• In 1833, William Lloyd Garrison helped

found the American Anti-Slavery Society

and later he was made president.

American Anti-Slavery Society

• He also published an abolitionist newspaper, the Liberator, in 1831

• Members spread anti-slavery literature and petitioned Congress to end federal support of slavery.

• The society eventually split into 2 groups, one wanted immediate emancipation for African Americans and a bigger role for women, and the other wanted gradual emancipation and minor roles for women.

Frederick Douglass/

Sojourner Truth

Frederick Douglass• secretly learned to read and write as a boy,

despite laws against.

• escaped when he was 20

• Great public speaking skills, American anti-slavery society asked him to give regular lectures 1841.

• Speaking tours through Europe and America published North Star newspaper and wrote several autobiographies to show injustice of slavery.

Sojourner Truth• claimed God called her to travel through US and

preach about slavery and women’s rights.

• Deep voice and quick wit, fiery and dramatic speeches. Considered legendary in anti-slavery movement

• After her son died, she became a preacher and adopted the name Sojourner Truth because, voices directed her to sojourn the countryside and speak God's truth

• became one of the most popular speakers for the abolitionist cause

Sources used: Holt United States History Beginnings to 1877 Textbook

Underground Railroad

Underground Railroad

• A group of free African Americans, former slaves and a few whites joined in 1830s to help slaves and free African Americans to escape to the North.

• The underground railroad was not actually a railroad, but a network of people who arranged transportation and hiding places for

the runaways. • Harriet Tubman was the conductor on the

Underground Railroad

MAP!!!

Underground Railroad

Bryn KellyElissa Adams

Period 3

Underground RailroadO Underground Railroad- A network

of people who arranged transportation and hiding places for fugitives or escaped slaves

O Travel in groups that led to northern states or Canada

O No central leadership or real structure / organization

O Often wore disguises O Moved along routes called “railroads”O Stations that the stopped at were often

attics, barns or properties owned by abolitionists (station masters)

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O Harriet Tubman famous conductor who escaped slavery in 1849

O Successfully led more than 300 slaves to freedom

O Reward for capture was over $40,000 at one point

Harriet Tubman at her home in 1911

Seneca Falls ConventionSophia Ye

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Seneca Falls Convention Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott

attended World’s Anti-Slavery Convention in 1840 Angered because women had to sit behind curtain

and not allowed to participate with men abolitionists Lucretia Mott

Found that her teacher’s salary was half of male teachers’ salary due to her gender

Became a Quaker and active in temperance, peace, and abolition of slavery movement

Elizabeth Cady Stanton When marrying Henry Stanton in 1840, obedience to

husband is left out of wedding vows Active in abolition of slavery and women’s rights Circulated petitions leading to married women’s

property bill in 1848 Held Seneca Falls Convention, first public

women’s rights meeting in United States, on July 19, 1848 at Seneca Falls, NY

Declaration of Sentiments Written at Seneca Falls Convention Explained and protested against social injustice

towards women Signed by about one hundred people Based on Declaration of Independence

“We hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men and women are equal”

Brought eighteen charges against men=eighteen charges were brought against King George III

Demanded equal education, right to speak in public, equal access to jobs and trade, equality in marriage, and right to vote (suffrage)

Many men abolitionists and reformers in temperance movement attended

Uncle Tom’s Cabin

Uncle Tom’s Cabin

• The book was about a slave named Tom who was a good obedient slave and was owned master was good to him, but was sold “down the river” to a harsh master and then he was eventually beaten to death.

Uncle Tom’s Cabin• Book written by Harriet Beecher Stowe• Stowe was a white woman who was shocked and

angered by the Fugitive Slave Act• The book was not well received in the South, but

made the North reconsider slavery• Stowe was called “the little lady who created this big

war” by Abraham Lincoln in 1862 (one year after the Civil War started)

• Today it is used as an insult to African Americans that means that the person will do whatever the whites ask and not be independent, like a doormat

• Uncle Toms Cabin was an anti-slavery novel

• Harriet Beecher Stowe was the daughter of a Connecticut minister

• She moved to Ohio where she learned about the cruelties of slavery

• Over two million copies were sold in a decade

• It was a factor to the start of the Civil War

• It was published in 1852