Industrial Revolution

Britain Leads the Way

Chapter 5, Section 2

Focus Question

What key factors allowed Britain to lead the way in the Industrial Revolution?

Why did Britain become the First Country to Industrialize?

Plentiful natural resources Ports/natural harbors to ship goods

worldwide Rivers (water for power) Canals (transport trade) Britain surrounded by sea Abundant coal supplies Supplies of iron to build machines

British Workforce

Skilled mechanics and ready workforce Population explosion led to high demand for goods Available money Overseas trade contributed to prosperous British economy

British Workforce

Plenty capital (money) to loan and invest in new factories, mines, railroads, and enterprises (a business organization)

Stable government and political system in Britain that supported economic growth

Strong navy to protect British trade, her empire, and overseas trade

New entrepreneurs (assume financial risks of starting new business) emerged

Interactive Geography Map

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Textile Industry

Industrial Revolution began in British textile (cloth) industry

British merchants developed a cotton cloth industry called the putting-out system

In the putting-out system, the raw cotton was given to peasant families

Families spun the cotton into thread in their cottages and then wove the thread into home-made cloth

But production was really s-l-o-w under the putting-out system

Making Cloth By Hand Was Time-Consuming and Slow

New Inventions were Needed to Speed Cloth Production

New Inventions

Faster inventions increased speed of cloth production Flying Shuttle (John Kay) Spinning Jenny – 1764 - (James Hargreaves) Water Frame – 1769 – Richard Arkwright – spinning machine

powered by water Cotton Gin – Eli Whitney – 1793 – separate seeds from raw

cotton at fast rate – cotton production increased

Cotton Gin

Factories

The new machines destroyed the putting out system The machines were too large to operate in a cottage setting Manufacturers built factories along rivers/streams to use water

as power source Cloth spinners/weavers operated the machines in factories Workers manufactured more products using machines than by

hand – the speed of cloth manufacturing increased

Transportation Problems

More goods were being produced But transportation methods were slow and

expensive A horse and cart could only carry so many

goods from one destination to another The time to get the goods from the factory to

the target destination was too long

Transportation Revolution

Need to develop faster and cheaper means to transport machine-produced products

Turnpikes, canals, bridges, and harbors were constructed Canals cut the shipping time and thus the price of coal Development of steam locomotive caused shipping by canal to

diminish – railroads could now travel where a canal was not located

Steam Locomotive

Steam powered locomotive – pioneered by George Stephenson

Products could be shipped quickly and cheaply over land First major rail line – Liverpool to Manchester – opened in 1830 Railroad construction boomed in Britain and Europe

Chain Reaction: Effects of Industrial Revolution

Machines produced goods faster than by hand Prices fell Lower prices made goods more affordable to more people More consumers demanded the cheaper goods Factories produced more goods and hired more workers to meet the demand New wave of economic and social changes occurred – some were good

changes – some were bad changes

Powerpoint Questions

1. What is the name of the cloth industry where families manufactured the cloth in their cottages?

2. Who invented the cotton gin? What year?

3. The world’s first major rail line stretched from ___ to ___.

4. An entrepreneur is a type of (circle one)

a. scientist

b. inventor

c. business person

d. personal secretary

Powerpoint Questions

5. The first area to go through major industrialization was ______.a. banking b. railroadsc. coal mining d. textile production

6. Which was a geographic advantage for England in the Industrial Revolution?a. coastal mountains b. moderate climatec. natural harbors d. year-round agriculture

Powerpoint Questions

7. The two essential natural resources for industrialization were

a. coal and iron. b. gold and silver.

c. water and trees. d. steel and oil.

Powerpoint Questions

8. Where were the earliest textile factories located in England?

a. near the harbors b. on farms

c. in the middle of large cities d. on the banks of rivers

9. England benefitted from an excellent transportation system that allowed goods to be transported to and from factories. These included --

a. carts, trains, and airplanes b. trains, rivers, and canals

c. ships, cars, and trains d. horses, trains, and turnpikes