INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS Dr.C.S.RANGARAJAN

1.Whose work has made significant advances in the field of industrial relations theory?a) David Easton b) MacIver and Page

c) Peter Drucker d) J.T.Dunlop

2. …………….. published his seminal work on industrial relations systems.a) Craig b) Flanders c) Dunlop d) Allen.

3.Who is the author of the book ‘industrial relations systems’? a) Barrett b) Dunlop c) Chamberlain d) Hyman.

4. Reformer in the area of industrial relations mustwork on the basis of which one of the following?a) What is possible b) What the reformer wishes the situation to be c) Curtailing challenges to managerial authority d) Past practices

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5. Whose work provided the first significant and comprehensive framework for studying industrial relations system?a) Craig b) Flanders c) Allen d) Dunlop.

.6. Who explained IRS as follows: ‘Why particular rules are established in particular industrial relations systems and how and why they change in response to changes affecting the system’: a) Flanders b) Allan Fox c) Dunlop d) Kahn-Freund7. Who developed the view that the main function of industrial relations is rule-making and the study of industrial relations, a study of the institutions of job regulationa) Dunlop b) Flanders c) Kahn-Freund d) Allan Fox

8. If Economics deals with a system of markets, then industrial relations is a system of which one of the following?

a) Rules b) Inter-personal relations c)production d) Governance.

9.One among the following has explicitly stated that industrial relations is a system of Rules?

a) Eldridge b) Kornhauser c) Parker d) Dunlop

10.The industrial Relations System revolves around the following ‘3 C’s’ except one.

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a) Consent b) Constraint c) Constable d) Conflict

11.Aside from Man, Money, Machine, and Motivation, which one is the fifth ‘M’ all Enterprises are almost concerned with?a) Morality b) Morale c) Mentor d) Market

12. All except one are the constituents of ‘3 P’s’ of behaviour pattern employers inculcate among workers

a)Patience b)Prescribed c) Permitted d) Prohibited

13. Except one, all are the ‘3 T’s’ workers are concerned with?

a) Tea b) Towel c) Toilet d) Travel

14.The Latin word ‘Poena’ from which the word ‘work is derived means a) Pain b) Pleasure c) Sorrow d) Routine

15. Which one of the following approaches uses as a heuristic device to offer the most comprehensive way of identifying, analyzing, synthesizing and evaluating the strategic variables of an industrial retains system?a) Action b) System c) Marxist d) Unitarist

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16. In which approach, besides its own inputs (within-puts), the system receives inputs from the environment and converts inputs into outputs for the use of its own as well as environmental sub-system.a) System b) Action c) Marxism d) Radicalism

17. All, except one are referred to as the ‘inputs’ (within puts) of an industrial system,a) Goals, b) Values c) power of actors in the system d) social structures.

18, The open system framework for analysis of industrial Relations systems consists of all the following basic components except one.a) Inputs b) procedures for converting inputs into outputs c) Breakdown of mechanism d) Outputs and feedback loops

19. All are components of a definition of Industrial Relations Systems except one.

a) A complex of private and public activitiesb) Manifest and latent pressures.c) Operating in an environment concerned with

allocation of rewards to employees for servicesd) Conditions under which services are rendered

20. Which one of the following is not described as a major theoretical perspective or framework in

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industrial relations?a) Calvinism b) Unitarianism c) Pluralism d) Radicalism

21.Which perspective perceives the organization as an integrated and harmonious whole with the ideal of "one happy family"?

a) Radical b) Pluralist c) Feminist d) Unitary

22. Which perspective sees the organization as being made up of powerful and divergent sub-groups, a) Unitary b) Feminist c) Pluralist d) Radical

23. Mutually exclusive nature of loyalty existing between employees and organizations makes …………unnecessary.a) Supervision b) Trade Unions. c) Controld) Coordination

24. Which one of the perspective views conflictas disruptive and pathological.a) Unitary b) Marxist c) Pluralist d) Radical

25. Under which perspective the role of management would lean less towards enforcing and controllinga) Unitary b) Feminist c) Radical d) Pluralist

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26. Under which perspective, the role of managementleans more toward persuasion and coordination.a) Unitary b) Feminist c) Pluralist d) Radical

27. Which perspective considers Trade Unions as legitimate representatives of employees.a) Unitary b) Pluralist c) Feminist d) Radical

28. Which perspective sees that conflict can be channeled towards evolution and positive change,a) Pluralist b) Unitary c) Feminist d) Radical

29. ‘An organization divided against itself cannot stand’ :Which perspective subscribes to this view?a) Pluralist b) Feminist c) Radical d) Unitary

30. The emphasis that ‘Common objectives and common values unite and bind all participants together’ is placed by which frame of reference?a) Pluralist b) Feminist c) Unitary d) Radical

31…….. projects the enterprise as a coalition within which management plays a neutral balancing role between stakeholders-shareholders, consumers, employees etc.a) Radicalism b) Pluralism c) Marxism d) Unitary

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32. Collective bargaining is seen by ,,,,,,,,,, as one of the most important bulwarks for the preservation of democracy within an industrial complex.a) Pluralist b) Feminist c) chauvinist d) Unitary

33. The roots of inequalities of power and economic wealth lie in the nature of capitalist economic system: Which perspective subscribes to this view:a) Pluralism b) Unitary c) Calvinism d) Radicalism

34.Which perspective holds that conflict is inevitable and trade unions are a natural response to prevent exploitation by capitalists?

a) Pluralism b) Unitary c) Radicalism d) Calvinism

35. One of the following does not constitute the features of Unitary perspective.a) Unified authority b) Consultation and negotiationc)Loyalty structure d) legitimating of managerial authority.36. Which one of the schools of thought worked with an ideology strongly unitary in nature?a)Human Relations b) Chicago c) Ecologicald) Oxford.

37. Peter Drucker’s phrase ‘triple personality’ of a business enterprise includes all institutions but one?

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a) economic b) political c) social d) educational

38.In Industrial Sociology one of the earliest examples of System Analysis is contained in the book entitled as …………………………

a)Closed System and Open Minds b)Sociology and Industrial Lifec) Management and the Workerd)The changing culture of a Factory

39. The Management and the Worker was authored by

a)Gluckman b)Roethlisberger and Dicksonc) Eldridge d) Jacques.

40. All except one are the points, which make subscribers to the unitary view assimilate trade unions into their ideology. a) Unions do not violate organizational logic of business enterprise,b) Unions are seen as historical carry-overc) Unions are an outcome of sectional greed

/lack of understanding of interestsd) Union power can be used to subvert existing social

order.41. Which perspective recognizes the individuals and

groups with their own aspirations and their own perceptions of the structure?

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a) Calvinism b) Marxism c) Unitarianism d) Pluralism42. Which term is used to mean that individuals and groups with widely varying priorities agree to collaborate in social structures a) Coordination b) Collision c) Coalitiond) Cooperation

43.The term ‘coalition’ is used in their work ‘A behavioral theory of organizational objectives’ bya)Miller and Form b) Cyert and Marchc) MacIver and Page d)Kornhauser and Dubin

44.For ensuring economic viability, an enterprise seen as a complex of tensions and competing claims, needs to be managed: Which perspective views thus?

a) Pluralist b) Unitary c ) Feminist d) Radical

45.Management makes its decisions within a complex set of constraints, which include all except one.a) Consumers b) Suppliers c) Employees d) Debtors

46.Clark Kerr observed that pluralistic industrial system can only operate on its recognizing the philosophy of

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a) Live, let die b) Altruism c) Mutual survival d) Balances of justice

47.In his work ‘Beyond Tolerance’ Wolff spells out that the goal of ……………….is a rough parity among competing groups.a) Radicalism b) Pluralism c) Unitarianismd) Feminism48.Which one is seen “as a theory of the social foundation of freedom”?a) Pluralism b) Unitarianism c) Utilitarianismd) Socialism

49, Selznick holds that while resting its hopes on civil antagonism…………sees in group conflict a benign disorder.

a) Socialism b) Unitarianism c) Utilitarianism d) Pluralism

50. What is meant by ‘Intercursive power relations’ which is a characteristic feature of pluralism?

a) Asymmetrical power b) Integral power c) Balance of power d) Irreducible autonomy.

51.In industrial relations pluralism, Clark Kerr echoes which principle of Galbraith?

a) Accommodation b) Countervailing powerc) Antagonistic cooperation d) Goodwill

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52. The survival needs of both the unions and management call for recognition of ………………. a) Mutual dependence b) special interest c) Voluntarism d) Balance of forces.

53. In which system of power, ‘the parts checking and counter-checking each other’ occurs?

a) Bureaucratic b) Aristocratic c) Autocratic d) Pluralistic

54. …………… refers to relations where power of each party is countervailed by that of the other with procedures for bargaining or joint decision making a) Irreducible autonomy b) Integral c) Intercursive d) Asymmetry

55. In response to the,………….. of the organized constraint mechanisms, management forges its compromises or rises above them with some new synthesis a) Criticisms b) Pressures c) Absence d) Complexity.

56. Besides being a historical carry-over ,,,,,,,,,,,, are just another manifestation of one of the basic values of competitive, pressure group,a) Trade unions b) Cartel c) Buyers d) Distributors

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57. Which one of the following ‘above a certain level is felt to be evidence that ground rules need change?’a) Stress b) Pressure c) Strain d) Conflict

58. All the three except one are the concepts employed by Homans in his study of The Human Group while offering another form of systems analysis.b) Activity b) Sentiment c) Motivation d) Interaction.59. For Roethlisberger and Dickson, organization is seen as the vehicle of a system of all the following except one.a) Beliefs b) Energizers c) Practices d) Efficiency 60. Open systems-thinking is clearly necessary to allow full consideration of the …………… factors.a) Environmental b) Internal c) Processual d) Transformational 61. ………………..is concerned with employment relationships, and its central characteristic or focus is employment in all its aspects.a) Sociology b) Economics c) Organizational behaviour d) Industrial Relations

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62. Which one is defined as ‘the study of people in a situation, organization, or system interacting in the doing of work in relation to some form of contract either written or unwritten’. a)Industrial sociology b) Organizational behaviour c)Industrial relations d) Labour Economics 63. All except one of the following subscribe to the view that Rule making is the core of industrial relations.a) Gerald Somers b) Schein c) Allan Flanders d) Dunlop. 64. Besides facilitating interaction…………. help communication, constrain discretion, ensure equality and serve as escape mechanism.a) Rules b) Supervisors c) Personnel Department d) Standing orders. 65. The formulations of what is now termed ‘classical’ management theory originated in the woks of…………….a) Peter Drucker b) Adam Smithc)G.C. Homans d) F.W.Taylor 66. Social Action approach in the study of Industrial Relations is advocated in whose work?a) Eldridge b) Fox c) Goldthorpe d) Flanders

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67. Which one of the systems is seen as lagging behind to respond adequately to the quickening pace of change?a) Economic system b) Industrial relations systemc) Social system d) Legal system 68. ‘Developments within industrial relations systems feed back to and influence the wider society’ : Who holds this view?a) Alton W.J.Craig b) Fox c) Flanders d) Donovan 69. ‘The closer the goals, values and power of the actors in the system, the less likelihood is there to be much ……………..within the system’ : a) Cooperation b) Discipline c) Consultation d) Conflict 70.Which one of the following relates to justice, which Peter Drucker,calls upon industrial enterprise to fulfil a) Autonomy b) Leadership c) Equal opportunities d) Participation. 71. Which one of the following concepts Peter Drucker uses to refer to ‘recognition of individual worth and self determination’?a) Fairness b) Dignity of Man c) Free will d) Rationality.72. The main relationship for Trade Unionism involves a ………….. between sellers on the one

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hand and buyer sand thereby controllers of labour power on the other.a) Division of labour b) Contract c) Master-servantd) Leadership73.For Dahrendorf, irrespective of changes in social relations to means of production, ………………belongs to industrial societies. a)Reconciliation b) Mediation Cooperationc) d) Authoriy-derived conflict.

74.Conflict divides employees and employers, but ………… is seen as a straightforward means of containing trade unionism. a) Multiplicity of Unions b) Paternalistic union c) Labour Law d) Withholding union recognition.

75. Trade unionism is essentially about ……………which involves formal and informal relationships between groups.a) Protectivism b) Collective behaviour

c) Employee interest d) Wage increases

76.In law and by tradition, whose interests need to be protected first among management’s obligations?

a) Stock-holders b) Employees c) Suppliers d) Customers

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77.Which one of the following is seen as a method of defining management’s responsibility to employees?a)Mediation b) Conciliation c) Adjudication d) Collective bargaining

78. Even in the absence of unionism, managerial decisions would be guided by considerations ofa) Customers b) Suppliers c) Employee welfare.d) Financial institutions

79. Which view is ascribed to Dubin in relation to characterization of a strike is concerned?a) Last weapon in union’s armoury.b) Continuation of collective bargaining.c) Device to exert economic pressure.d) Break-down in collective bargaining,

80.In a domestic negotiation, what deliberate tactic a managerial subordinate adopts when authorized to receive but not offer concessions?

a)Calculated incompetence. b) Carrying trial Balloons c) Role distancing d) Surrender to blackmail.

81. Whose name is associated with the concept ‘calculated incompetence’ in the work “A Behavioural Theory of Labour Negotiations”?

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a) Mabry b) McCarthy c) Chamberlain and Kuhn d)Walton and McKersie.82. ………..is regarded as the key to sustained economic growth and rising standards of living.

a) Industrial relations b) Economic policy c) Technical progress d) Business environment 83, ‘The introduction of important new or improved products or processes’ is referred to as ………………..a) Automation b) Technical progressc) Reversal of problem of alienationd) Social welfare.

84. All of the following except one will serve as some guide to the rate of technical progress.a) Decentralization of decision makingb) Expenditure on research and developmentc) Significant inventionsd) Increasing number of patents

85. Which one of the following does not constitute the functions of dispute procedure?a) A Face-saving device b) A power instrumentc) System meant to develop issues and , leadership skillsd)Dysfunctional

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86.Which one of the following does not carry out the functions of engineering procedure in industrial disputes?a) Safety valve against spread of disputesb) Recognizes the negotiating rights of trade unionsc) Drainage channel of workers’ grievancesd) A means by which conciliation can be initiated.

87. What is the common purpose of the three functions of the processes involved in engineering procedure?

a) Protect managerial authorityb) Peaceful resolution of differences in the work

place.c) Offer guidance as to the nature of resolution

process.d) Forestall victimization of employees

88. Marsh in his ‘Industrial Relations in Engineering’ has categorized engineering procedure as a form of…………..a) Employer conciliationb) Adjudicationc) Arbitrationd) Mediation

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89. One among the following is not a process meant to resolve workplace differences between employers and employees?a) Adjudication b) Bargaining c) Conciliationd)Voluntary arbitration

90. In which method of dispute resolution, the

proceedings are conducted by respective representatives?

a) Conciliation b) Adjudication c) Bargainingd)Arbitration

91. The conduct of proceedings in Conciliation is in the hands of a) a judge b) a neutral outsider

c)an outsider but hardly a ‘neutral’. d) A mutually accepted outsider.

92. Which one is seen by Peter Drucker as having ‘an internal order based on authority and subordination, that is on power relationships’?a) Business enterprise b) Family c) Trade Union

d)School

93. The only aspect of business enterprise with which industrial relations is concerned is …………….. aspect.a) Paternalistic b) Monetary c) welfared) Employment

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94. If Industrial Relations is a system of rules, one

kind of rules is called procedural rules. Which one of the other?

a) Collective b) Narrative c) Substantive d) Descriptive

95. Those regulated by procedural rules have sometimes been called ………….a) Interpretative b) Collective relations c) Descriptive d) Substantive

96. The ……………….. rules of collective bargaining regulate the making, interpretation and enforcement of agreements.a) Procedural b) Descriptive c) Substantive d) Narrative 97. Which clauses of rules refer to rate of wages, working hours, job terms and conditions covered by agreements.a) Procedural b) Narrative c) Interpretatived) Substantive98. The end product of ……………is to establish rights and obligations, which together define status.a) Sanctions b) Orders c) Rules d) Taboos

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99. Which one of the rules of industrial relations can be said to settle the status of parties participating in job regulations?a) Substantive b) Procedural c) Narrative d) Interpretative

100. ………………rules of industrial relations, besides attaching various rights and obligations to jobs, fix a rate for the job and thus settle issue of status.a) Substantive b) Procedural c) Narrative d)Interpretative

REFERENCE Brian Barrett, E D Rhodes and John Beishon (Eds) ‘Industrial Relations and Wider Society:Aspects of Interaction, London, Collier Macmillan 1975

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ANSWER D1,,5,9,13,17,21,25,29,33,37,41,45,49,53,57,61,65,69,73, 77,81,85,89,93,97

ANSWER C2,6,10,14,18,22,26,30,34,38,42,46,50,54,58,62,66,70,74,78,82,86,90,94,98

ANSWER B3,7,11,15,19,23,27,31,35,39,43,47,51,55,59,63,67,71,75, 79, 83,87,91,95,99

ANSWER A4,8,12,16,20,24,28,32,36,40,44,48,52,56,60,64,68,72,76,80,84,88,92,96,100.

Note: Right Answers to Questions 1 to 4are as follows

1. d2. c3. b4. a

This d,c,b,a pattern is maintained for rest of thequestions.

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