INDUSTRIAL FIRE

INDUSTRIAL FIRE

CAUSES, EFFECTS AND PREVENTION.

IITA SECURITY UNIT

WHY FIRE TRAINING

Because management care about your safety Because many people are unnecessarily

injured by fire at work each year Because Fire Risk assessment flagged a need

to train staff in Fire Safety

WHAT IS FIRE?

• Fire is a SPECTACULAR example of a FAST chemical reaction between a combustible substance and oxygen accompanied by the evolution of heat

3 FIRE REQUIRMENT .

• 1. Oxygen• 2. Fuel• 3. A source of energy i.e. HEAT

• FIRE TRIANGLE: (HEAT + O2 + IGNITION)

FIRE TRIANGLE

FIRE

• OXYGEN

HEAT FUEL

CAUSES OF INDUSTRIAL FIRE

• SMOKING:Litters in factories provides essential fuels in fire

accident . Smoking near fuel depot and jerry cans used to transport and store petrol during fuel crises also contribute to INDUSTRIAL FIRE.

CHEMICALS• Lack of adherence to chemical safety

requirements and improper storage

CAUSES OF INDUSTRIAL FIRE• DIRT AND UNTIDINESS Refuse and process waste are good

kindling for a fire to start or help a fire to expand.

• CONTRACTORS’ OPERATIONS Building and maintenance contractors

often use a variety of Equipment, which can produce a great deal of heat (blowlamps, welding and simple drilling.)


• PROCESS HAZARDA: Faults in process plants leads to: 1.Overheated machinery bearings and

frictional sparks.2. Tremendous amount of HEAT.B: Sparks from cutting and welding toolsC: Lack of regular maintenance


• FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS• Flammable solvents of all kinds are both

necessary and dangerous in many industrial processes.

• With Nigeria’s peculiar problem of petrol shortages, experience has shown that often this most dangerous of all substances is badly transported and stored.


• POOR HOUSE KEEPING• Warehousing inadequate standards .• Improperly stacked goods allow a fire to start

unnoticed and also impede fire-fighting operations when eventually detected.

• Office waste must be regularly removed. Cleanliness is particularly essential in an office to avoid simmering files, which can spread undetected during the many hours (nights and weekends) when premises are unoccupied.


• ARSON • This subject has already received

substantial publicity in the national press and other media.

• Damage by riot is another danger, which can be included in this category.

• Bomb Blast/Terrorist Activities

PHCN: Major cause of FIRE DISASTER in NIGERIA

• ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT AND WIRING.

• Short circuits, and faults resulting in excess current flow generating heat, which ignites insulation and flammable materials lying nearby.

• Broken Strands, loosely fitted plugs, overloaded sockets; improperly secured terminals can cause arcing and sparking.

• Deterioration of insulation and wiring leads to ageing, mechanical damage and excessive heat because of overloading.

• Unprofessional Alteration and addition to existing installation.• Wiring installed by incompetent persons and not reaching

acceptable standards.• Inferior materials.• POWER HOLDING COMPANY of NIGERIA fluctuations.

EFFECTS OF INDUSTRIAL FIRE

• Direct EFFECT:• (a) ‘no effect’ or near misses• (b) minor injury• (C) major injury• (d) property damage• (e) Business closure


• INDIRECT EFFECTS: refers to the consequence flowing from the direct effect of fire.

• (a) for the injured person• * loss of earning or earning capacity• *disrupted family life.• *disrupted personal life, and• *other consequences e.g. pain & suffering


• (b) for the company:• * injury costs• * production loss costs.• * property damage costs.• * reduction in employee morale.• * poor reputation as a result of adverse media

publicity.• * poor customer relations following adverse

media publicity.


• * lost time – supervisors, workers and others.• * product damage cost.• * first aid and medical cost.• * increased employer’s liability premium.• * legal cost, e.g. fines imposed by court, legal

representation fees• * cost of changes in practice arising from

prosecution or as a result of enforcement action, e.g. prohibition or improvement notice.

• * training cost e.g. retraining of injured employee or training of replacement Labour.

PREVENTION OF INDUSTRIAL FIRE

• FIRE RISK ASSESMENT• Identify the FIRE HAZARD in

our offices.• Identify the PEOPLE who

could be at RISK.• ELIMINATE, CONTROL or

AVOID the fire hazard.• Ensure that the existing FIRE

SAFETY PROVISION meet up to standard.

• Record FINDINGS.• Prepare EMERGENCY PLAN.• REVIEW FRA Periodically.

PREVENTION OF INDUSTRIAL FIRE

• Provision of Fire Extinguishers.• Provision of Information / Training.• Provision of Fire Alarm.• Provision of Fire Escape Route.• Provision of Fire Risk Assessment.

(Yearly)

CLASSIFICATION OF FIRE

• A: Solid material of Organic nature: wood paper & Fabric

• B: Flammable liquids: Petrol, diesel etc• C: Gases: Acetylene Butane• D: Metals: Magnesium, Sodium, Aluminum

CLASSES OF FIRE EXTINGUISHERS

• CO2 CARBON DI-OXIDE

• COLOUR: BLACK or RED

• FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (faster than foam)

• AVAILABLE IN 1KG, 3KG, 5KG, 20KG.

• RANGE: 2-3MTRS• DISCHARGE TIME: 6

—23S

B


• DCP (DRY CHEMICAL POWDER)

• COLOUR: FRENCH BLUE or RED

• LIVE ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT

• AVAILABLE IN 1,2,3,4,6,9, 12, 50, 75KG

• RANGE: 2-8MTS• DISCHARGE TIME: 6-

23S

A B C


• H2O (WATER)• COLOUR: RED• ORDINARY

COMBUSTIBLE MATERIAL (wood, paper & paper)

• 9ltrs=10kg• RANGE:9LTRS• DISCHARGE

TIME:60S

A


• FOAM FIRE EXTINGUISHERS.

• COLOUR: PALE CREAM• USED FOR

EXTINGUISHING FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS.

• AVAILABLE IN 4.5L & 9L.• WEIGHS 10-15KG• RANGE:7-10m• DISCHARGE TIME: 60s

B

Fire Extinguishers - Blanket

• Any colour body or label but they are usually red or white

• For use on any type of fire but best on small contained class B fires and people on fire.

• Extinguishes by asphyxiating

Fire Safety At Home

• Fire works• Candles, lamps• Cooking gas/

kerosene stove• Smoking in bed• Electrical

equipment • Children playing

with matches

WHAT CAUSES FIRES TO EXPAND

• Fear• Ignorance• indecision

GOOD HOUSEKEEPING• Good house keeping is essential part

of sound management practice. It benefits efficiency, aids production and it is also good for fire protection. Well-organized and carefully maintained premises are safer from fire. The chance of fire breaking out is reduced; and should fire occur, it could be more readily controlled. Below is a list of duties, which will serve as a safety aide-memoir to management.

• Cleanliness and tidiness.• Staff should tidy their personal

workplace.• Combustible materials waste and

process should be kept clear of the premises.

• Metal dustbins with lid should be used for storing waste.

GOOD HOUSE-KEEPING• Waste with special hazards should be

labeled, flammable liquid, paint rags, oily rags.

• Waste containers should be removed from building at the end of each day, or more frequently if necessary.

• Waste awaiting disposal should not be accessible to public.

• Waste burning on site must be controlled and supervised.

• Pipes, beams, trusses, ledges deducting and electric fittings should be regularly cleaned.

• Areas in the building and around must be kept free of accumulated packaging materials and cleaned.

• Cupboard, drawers all concealed spaces should be kept free from dust and rubbish

ACTION: IN CASE OF FIRE

• RAISE THE ALARM• CALL SECURITY ON EXT. 2727 or 2999• ATTACK THE FIRE (EXTINGUISHERS)• EVACUATE THE BUILDING

P.A.S.S. PRINCIPLE (How to use an extinguisher)

• P= PULL THE PIN• A= AIM AT BASE OF FIRE.• S= SQUEEZE THE LEVER.• S= SWEEP THE AFFECTED

AREA FROM SIDE TO SIDE

GENERAL RULE FOR FIGHTING FIRE

• SOUND THE ALARM.• CALL SECURITY- ext 2727 or 2999• ENSURE YOU SELECT THE RIGHT EXTINGUISHER.• RE-ASSESS THE FIRE. (gas cylinders, chemicals, fuel)• KEEP ESCAPE ROUTE BEHIND YOU (tackle the fire from furthest

distance possible.)• NEVER LET FIRE GET BETWEEN YOU AND YOUR EXIT.• CONSIDER THE EFFECT OF SMOKE.• IF YOU ARE IN DOUBT STOP, CLOSE DOOR AND GET OUT.• MOVE TO THE FIRE ASSEMBLY POINT

Thank you for attending and listening

INDUSTRIAL FIRE

Government & Nonprofit

Transcript of INDUSTRIAL FIRE