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Component Focus: pages 2-15 ON Semiconductor’s NCP785A linear voltageregulator accepts inputs up to 450V

Design Note: pages 16-17 Analysing the direction and strength of the magneticfield generated by a current-carrying trace

Application Spotlight: pages 18-25 ST’s ISO8200B solid-state relay is a galvanicallyisolated switch with a very low supply current

Technical View: pages 26-27Low-cost alternative to mobile phone networks for carrying M2M communications over wide areas

C O M P O N E N T F O C U S

2 EMAIL [email protected] FOR SAMPLES AND DATASHEETS

The I3G4250D from STMicroelectronicsis a new low-power, three-axisgyroscope with a digital output.

Benefitting from high-performance MEMSdesign and fabrication technology developed byST, the I3G4250D offers extremely stablesensitivity and zero-rate level over temperatureand time. This gives users the benefit ofavoiding the need for extended compensationand calibration during production, resulting in afaster time to market, easier implementationand application design, higher performance,and development and production cost savings.

The device includes both a MEMS sensingelement and an IC interface, which provides themeasured angular rate to the applicationthrough a standard SPI or I2C digital interface.

The sensing element is manufactured using adedicated micromachining process developedby ST to produce inertial sensors and actuatorson silicon wafers. The IC interface is fabricatedin a CMOS process which allows a high level ofintegration. This enables ST to design adedicated circuit which is trimmed to match thecharacteristics of the sensing element.

The I3G4250D has a selectable full scale of±245 degrees/s, ±500 degrees/s or ±2,000degrees/s. It can measure angular rates ofmotion with a user-selectable bandwidth.

Also joining the I3G4250D in ST’s broadportfolio of MEMS motion sensors is theIIS328DQ, a low-power three-axis linearaccelerometer with a digital serial interface.

It is recommended for industrial applicationsrequiring an extended temperature range andlong lifespan.

ST has also launched the IIS2DH, a low-power three-axis linear accelerometer with adigital output. The IIS2DH has user-selectablefull scales of ±2g, ±4g, ±8g or ±16g, and iscapable of measuring acceleration with outputdata rates from 1Hz to 5.3kHz.

STMicroelectronics MEMS motion sensors: extended temperature range and long lifespan

STMICROELECTRONICS

Future Electronics to distributeSpansion productsFuture Electronics has extended itsworldwide distribution agreement withCypress Semiconductor to includeSpansion products following the mergerof Cypress and Spansion. The merger ofthe two companies enables FutureElectronics to expand its product offeringin specialised memories, embeddedprocessing and analogue productsmanufactured by Spansion.

Noise filter now available withthreaded stud terminalsTE Connectivity has launched the BCFseries of power-line filters with threadedstud terminals. Previously available withterminal block terminations only, the newlightweight BCF series is a three-phaseEMI filter with threaded terminals for easytermination to cables with ring terminals.These new filters are used to reduce theeffect of noise from variable-speedmotors.

New 1,100W hot-swap front-end power supplyCUI has announced the introduction of a1,100W front-end AC-DC power supplyfor mission-critical (N+1) redundantapplications in rack-mount telecoms,networking and server equipment.

The PSA-1100-12 offers a powerdensity of 25.34W/cubic inch andachieves efficiencies approaching 94% ina compact, slim 1U package. Its narrow54mm profile allows designers tominimise the space occupied by thepower supply.

Compact new USB Type-C ICsfeature low power consumptionFairchild has launched a comprehensiveportfolio of USB Type-C™ solutions whichenable manufacturers to quickly andeasily add the next generation of USBfunctionality to devices with a USB port.The small size and low powerrequirements of Fairchild's USB Type-Csolutions help manufacturers to developthinner, sleeker devices which consumeless system power for better energyefficiency.

©Copyright 2015 Future Electronics Ltd. All trademarks contained herein are theproperty of their respective owners. Applications for product samples, badgeboards, demonstration boards, Future Electronics’ boards and other advertisedmaterials from Future Electronics are offered subject to qualification.

N E W S I N B R I E F

For more information [email protected]:

APPLICATIONS• Industrial applications• Navigation systems and telematics• Motion control with a man-machine

interface• Appliances • Robots

FEATURES (I3G4250D)• Supply-voltage range: 2.4V to 3.6V• Power-down and Sleep modes• Embedded temperature sensor• Embedded FIFO• Survives severe shocks

SECURITYAUTOMOTIVEMEDICALLIGHTINGINDUSTRIALENERGY CONSUMER TELECOMMS

For samples or pricing [email protected]:

New three-axis digitalgyroscope offers extremelystable performance


3VISIT THE ONLINE FTM MAGAZINE AT: WWW.My-FTM.COM

16-channel LED driver IC gives flexible controlof complex dimming functions

The miniature AP3403 step-down DC-DC converter introduced by Diodes Incorporatedoperates at an efficiency of up to 95%, making it ideal for designers who need toextend the battery run-time of low-voltage portable products.

Its high fixed 2MHz switching frequency makesit simple for designers to minimise interference,while enabling the use of small externalcomponents. The AP3403’s thermally efficientU-DFN package has a footprint of just 1.6mmx 1.6mm.

Diodes’ AP3403: enables use of small external components

NXP SEMICONDUCTORS

DIODES INCORPORATED

APPLICATIONS• RGB or RGBA LED drivers• LED status information• LED displays• Backlights for LCDs and keypads• Fade-in and fade-out for breathlight

control• Automotive lighting

FEATURES• Programmable LED output delay to

reduce EMI and surge currents• Detects open and short circuits and over-

temperature conditions• Thermal shut-down protection• Output current accuracy:

±4% between output channels±6% between PCA9955B devices


APPLICATIONS• Output-voltage regulation of DC inputs

FEATURES• Output-voltage range: 0.7V to 5.5V • Soft start • Over-current protection • Thermal shut-down function • Under-voltage lock-out• Hiccup-mode short-circuit protection




95% efficient step-down converter helps conservebattery power

The AP3403 is a synchronousPWM converter which drivesloads of up to 600mA. Byconfiguring external resistor,capacitor and inductorcomponents, the designercan optimise the circuit’sefficiency for any application.

The 2.7V to 5V input-voltage range is compatiblewith the output of smalllithium-ion batteries. No-loadcurrent is just 34µA.

The AP3403 converterprovides for excellent line andload regulation, and usescurrent-mode control to givethe fastest possible transientresponse, and cycle-by-cyclecurrent limiting.

NXP Semiconductors’ PCA9955BTW isan I2C bus-controlled 16-channelconstant-current LED driver which maybe used to dim and blink arrays ofRed/Green/Blue/Amber (RGBA) LEDs.

Each LED output hasits own 8-bit, 256-step, PWM controllerwhich operates at afixed 31.25kHzfrequency, and with a dutycycle adjustable from 0% to100%. This enables eachLED to be set to a specificbrightness value.

An additional 8-bit group PWMcontroller has both a fixed frequency of 122Hzand an adjustable frequency which may be setat values between 15Hz to every 16.8s, with aduty cycle adjustable between 0% and 99.6%.

This group controller may be used to dim orblink all LEDs with a uniform brightness.

Each LED output can be off, on with noPWM control, controlled individually, orcontrolled both individually and by the groupPWM controller.

The PCA9955BTW operates with a supplyvoltage of 3V to 5.5V. A constant-

current sink supplies up to 20Vto the LEDs. The output peak

current is adjustable with an8-bit linear DAC in a

range from 225µA to57mA.

Gradation controlfor all current sourcesis implemented viathe I²C interface, and

enables the user to rampcurrent automatically without

intervention by a microcontroller. Thereare four selectable gradation control groupsand each group has four registers to controlthe ramp-up and ramp-down rate, step time,hold-on/-off time and the hold-on outputcurrent.

An automotive-qualified version of this part,the PCA9955BTW/Q900, is also available.

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4

UCODE 7xm+ tag IC provides2kbits of user memory

NXP SEMICONDUCTORS

APPLICATIONS• Product authentication• Loss prevention• Disposable and consumable products• Industry 4.0 manufacturing processes

FEATURES• Write speed: 32 bits every 1.5ms• Compatible with single-slit antenna• Minimum 100,000 write cycles• 20 years’ data retention• Operating temperature range:

-40°C to 85°C


The NCP785A from ON Semiconductoris a high-performance linear regulatoroffering a very wide operating input-voltage range of up to 450V DC,enabling it to be connected directly toan AC mains supply. It can withstand apeak pulse input voltage of 700V DC.

Offering a maximum output current of aguaranteed 10.5mA, the NCP785A is an idealchoice for high input-voltage applications inindustrial and home appliances. The highinput-voltage capability also makes theNCP785A well suited to use in harshconditions, in which it is able to withstandlarge line and load transient voltages.

The NCP785A offers output voltageaccuracy of ±5% over load, line andtemperature variations. Its high power-supplyrejection ratio reduces the effect of inputvoltage ripple. A low quiescent current of 15µAhelps designers to achieve low system powerconsumption when there is no load.

All four variants of the NCP785A are offered inan SOT−89 package which provides goodthermal performance and a small board footprint.

NCP785A: withstands high transient voltages

ON SEMICONDUCTOR

APPLICATIONS• Industrial automation• White goods• Lighting equipment• Offline power supplies

FEATURES• 90dB power-supply rejection ratio at

100kHz• Stable with 22µF output capacitor• Thermal shut-down protection• Current-limit protection




Part Number Output Voltage

NCP785AH120T1G 12.0VNCP785AH150T1G 15.0VNCP785AH33T1G 3.3VNCP785AH50T1G 5.0V

10.5mA linear regulator handles voltagesup to 700V

It also supports the following optionalcommands:• Access• BlockPermalock (block size of 256 bits)• 32-bit BlockWrite

The tag IC features a 32-bit kill password,which enables the user to permanently disablethe tag. It also has a 32-bit access password.

NXP Semiconductors has introduced anew UHF tag identification IC, theSL3S1014, which provides the advancedfeatures supported by theUCODE 7xm+ protocol.

The SL3S1014 offers anextended 2kbits of usermemory, and a 384-bitpre-programmed digitalsignature based on apublic key algorithm toprovide untraceablefunctionality.

The digital signatureenables a user to checkwhether a product is original orfake, since a fake product will not carrythe correct signature. This ability toauthenticate a product is particularly importantto buyers of high-value apparel and jewellerybrands. Patients also want to be able tosecurely verify the origin of medications.

The untraceable function in the SL3S1014enables the manufacturer to hide product-related data while still providing a digitalsignature.

The tag IC maintains support for legacyUCODE 7 functions, such as automatic selfpre-serialisation of the Electronic Product Code(EPC), parallel encoding, product status flag

and tag power indicator.Benefitting from high readsensitivity, the SL3S1014 offers

very long read range, forapplications in which the

tag might need to beread at a long distancefrom the reader.

High write sensitivityand a best-in-class write

speed of 32 bits every1.5ms allows for fast tracking

of manufacturing processsteps directly on the chip, a

function useful in the latest‘Industry 4.0’ manufacturing

processes.The UCODE 7xm+ implements all themandatory commands in the EPCglobal v1.2.0specification.



Level VI AC-DC desktop power supplies offer excellentActive-mode and no-load efficiency

CUI Inc has announced the addition of50W and 65W models to its new Level VIfamily of desktop AC-DC power supplies.

CUI INC

APPLICATIONS• Consumer devices• Industrial equipment• Computers• Telecoms equipment

FEATURES (SD150-U)• Complies with European ErP 2011

Phase II directive• <0.21W no-load power consumption• 300,000 hours MTBF (tested according to

Telcordia SR332)• Over-voltage protection• Over-current protection• Short-circuit protection




The SDI50-Uand SDI65-Useries meet themore stringentLevel VI average-efficiency and no-load powerrequirementsdrafted by the USDepartment ofEnergy (DoE), and setto come into effect inFebruary 2016. Theeffect of the newstandard is tosignificantly lower the amountof power consumed when the end applicationis not in use or is no longer connected to thesystem.

The new power supplies from CUI feature awide universal input-voltage range of 90V ACto 264V AC. They are available in single outputvoltages of 9V DC, 12V DC, 15V DC, 18V DC,19V DC, 24V DC, and 48V DC.

The SDI50-U and SDI65-U series aresupplied with UL/cUL, GS and PSE safety

approvals, and meet the radiated- andconducted-emissions requirements

of the FCC Part 15BClass-B regulations. As aresult, both series maybe used anywhere inthe world.

The power units aresupplied in a compact

package measuring115mm x 53mm x38mm, and have athree-prong

IEC 320/C14 AC inlet.The new SDI50-U

and SDI65-U seriesextend CUI’s range of Level

VI external AC-DC powersupplies, which already include the SDI90-U,with a 90W maximum power rating, and theSDI120-U, with a 120W rating.



CAN/LIN system basis chip provides regulated powersupply to an MCU

UJA113x: supplies power to MCU in transmission control units

The UJA113x series of System BasisChips (SBCs) contains a fully integratedbuck and boost converter along with anumber of features commonly found inthe latest generation of automotiveElectronic Control Units (ECUs).

It interfaces directly with CAN and LIN buslines, supplies the microcontroller, handleshigh-voltage input and output signals andsupports fail-safe features including a watchdogand advanced ‘limp home’ functionalityconfigurable via non-volatile memory.

To satisfy the demand for SBCs that operateat a low supply voltage and feature low powerdissipation, a Switch-Mode Power Supply(SMPS) with automatic buck or boostconversion has been integrated into theUJA113x devices. In Boost mode, the SMPSof the UJA1131 and UJA1132 variants cancontinue supplying a microcontroller duringdips in the battery voltage, ensuringuninterrupted operation.

The boost stage of the UJA1135 and theUJA1136 has limited output-current capability,and is suitable for supplying the memory in amicrocontroller to prevent information beinglost. The SMPS requires only a single externalcoil and capacitors.

The UJA113x implements the CAN physicallayer as defined in the ISO11898-2:2015standard. This implementation enables reliablecommunication at data rates up to 2Mbits/s,with a CAN FD payload.

NXP SEMICONDUCTORS APPLICATIONS• Body-control modules• Small gateways• Electric power-steering modules• Engine-control units• Transmission-control units• Climate-control units• High-power lighting modules

FEATURES• 500mA maximum output current for

microcontroller supply• Window and time-out watchdog• Very low-current Stand-by and Sleep

modes• One or two LIN transceivers• Two LDOs, one suitable for off-board -18V

to +40V supply• Non-volatile memory for configurable

start-up routine• Battery-monitoring circuit• Serial peripheral interface• 10mm x 10mm package• Thermal shut-down function


Dual-rail LDO offers outstandingperformance at very low input voltage

The NCP59748 from ON Semiconductoris a dual-rail Low Drop-Out (LDO)voltage regulator which uses an NMOSpass transistor for output-voltageregulation from the main input-voltagerail. All the low-power internal controlcircuitry is powered from a separatebias voltage.

The NCP59748 can provide an output currentof more than 1.5A with a typical drop-outvoltage of just 60mV when supplying a full load.

The use of an NMOS pass transistor offersseveral advantages over the PMOS topologyof other LDOs. For instance, the outputcapacitor has a reduced impact on loopstability. In addition, the difference between theoutput and the input voltage can be muchsmaller than a standard PMOS regulator canachieve when the input voltage is very low.

The NCP59748 offers a programmablesmooth monotonic start-up. The controlledrise of the voltage limits in-rush current, whichis helpful in applications with large capacitive

NCP59748: ideal for applications with large capacitive loads

ON SEMICONDUCTOR

APPLICATIONS• Networking and telecoms equipment• Industrial equipment• Computers and peripherals• Medical devices• Consumer products

FEATURES• Input-voltage range: 0.8V to 5.5V• Output voltage adjustable between 0.8V

and 3.6V• Excellent transient response• ±0.5% output-voltage accuracy• Thermal shut-down protection• Output current-limiting protection




Littelfuse’ SM24CANA: page 10NXP’s TJA1046: page 15PARTNERWORKING

LDO Voltage RegulatorThe NCP59748MN1ADJTBGEVB evaluation boardenables designers to quickly evaluate the NCP59748LDO, which provides an adjustable output voltage. Orderable Part Number: NCP59748MN1ADJTBGEVB

FREEBOARDS

Apply now at my-boardclub.comFast-track board request code: FTM59A

loads. The voltage-controlled soft-start timingis adjustable with an external capacitor.

The LDO provides an adjustable outputvoltage spanning the range 0.8V to 3.6V.Adjustment is made by changing the values oftwo external resistors. The device is stablewith the use of a ceramic or any other type ofoutput capacitor with a value of ≥2.2µF.

The NCP59748 is offered in two flat, no-leadpackage styles: a 3mm x 3mm DFN10, and a5mm x 5mm QFN20. User-programmableSoft-start and Power-good pins are availableon both versions. The Enable input isequipped with internal hysteresis and adeglitch filter.

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Low-power DisplayPort-to-VGA adapter supports multipledisplay-resolution values

NXP Semiconductors’ PTN3356R1 is aROM-based DisplayPort-to-VGA adapterintended mainly for motherboardapplications. It converts a DisplayPortsignal from a processor chipset to ananalogue video signal which connectsdirectly to a VGA connector.

The PTN3356R1 IC includes aDisplayPort receiver and a high-speedtriple digital-to-analogue converterwhich supports a wide range of displayresolutions, from VGA 640px x 480px at60Hz, and 25MHz pixel clock rate; to1920px x 1440px at 60Hz and 234MHzpixel clock rate.

The PTN3356R1 provides twoDisplayPort lanes operating at either ahigh bit rate of 2.7Gbits/s per lane, ora reduced bit rate of 1.62Gbits/s perlane.

The adapter is powered from asingle 3.3V supply, and consumesapproximately 200mW of power whenstreaming video in WUXGA resolution.

It consumes 410µW in low-power mode. TheVGA output is powered down when there is novalid DisplayPort source data beingtransmitted.

The PTN3356R1 helps the application toperform monitor detection by performing loadsensing on RGB lines and reporting the sinkconnection status to the source. It connects toan I²C bus via the AUX port as specified in theDisplayPort standard, and bridges the VESADDC channel to the DisplayPort interface.

80mA LDO features wide input-voltage range

The NCP716 from ON Semiconductoris an 80mA Low Drop-Out (LDO)voltage regulator which can accept avery wide range of input voltages up toa maximum of 24V.

Featuring a low typical quiescent current of 3.2µA,the NCP716 is compatible with most batterypower sources and DC output-voltage adapters.

It is a very stable device, and features a verylow typical ground current of just 4.7µA overthe full output load range. Output voltageregulation is accurate to ±2%.

The regulator incorporates protectionfeatures such as thermal shut-down, current

limiting and short-circuitprotection. It is supplied in a2mm x 2mm six-terminalWDFN package with a511BR case outline.

NXP SEMICONDUCTORS

ON SEMICONDUCTOR

APPLICATIONS• Dongles• Adapters• Docking stations• Computers

FEATURES• Bit error rate better than 10-9

• All VGA colorimetry formats (RGB)supported

• 7.5kV ESD protection (human bodymodel)

• Supports flexible choice of timingreference: on-board oscillator withexternal crystal, or ceramic resonator

• Clock frequencies supported: 24MHz, 25MHz, 27MHz


APPLICATIONS• Portable equipment• Communication systems• Consumer electronics devices• Power supply adapters• Industrial sensors• Smart energy meters• Home-automation equipment

FEATURES• 60dB power-supply rejection ratio at

100kHz• Excellent input-to-output-voltage isolation• Only requires very small decoupling

capacitors




LDO Voltage RegulatorThe NCP716MTTBGEVB is a demonstration board forthe NCP716 LDO regulator. It shows how the device canoperate without an Enable pin for low power consumption.Orderable Part Number: NCP716MTTBGEVB

FREEBOARDS


Part NumberNominalOutputVoltage

NCP716MT12TBG 1.2V

NCP716MT15TBG 1.5V

NCP716MT18TBG 1.8V

NCP716MT25TBG 2.5V

NCP716MT30TBG 3.0V

NCP716MT33TBG 3.3V

NCP716MT50TBG 5.0V

NXP’s PTN3356R1: analogue video output

NCP716 LDO: output accurate to ±2%



Accurate, low-power op amps wellsuited to battery power supplies

TSV731 op amp: excellent ratio of speed to power consumption

The TSV73x series of operationalamplifiers from STMicroelectronics offersa combination of low-voltage operation,rail-to-rail input and output, and excellentaccuracy.

Benefitting from ST’s 5V CMOS technology, theTSV73x devices have an excellent speed-to-power-consumption ratio: the typical gainbandwidth product is rated at 850kHz, whilethe op amp draws just 60µA at 5V. All theTSV73x op amps also feature an extremely lowinput bias current: it is typically 1pA, and is aguaranteed maximum 300pA across the entireoperating temperature range of -40°C to 125°C.

The input offset voltage is a maximum 200µVat a temperature of 25°C.

Three versions of the TSV73x op amps areavailable: the single version is the TSV731,available in a 5-pin SC70 package. The dualversion, the TSV732, is provided either as aMiniSO-8, or as a dual flat no-lead packagewith eight terminals, measuring 2mm x 2mm.The TSV734 quad version is in a TSSOP14 ora 16-terminal quad flat no-lead packagemeasuring 3mm x 3mm.

STMICROELECTRONICS

APPLICATIONS• Battery-powered devices • Signal conditioning • Sensor interfaces• Active filtering • Medical instrumentation

FEATURES• Supply-voltage range: 1.5V to 5.5V• 0.35V/µs slew rate• 12dB gain margin• 45° phase margin• Withstands ESD strikes of 4kV (human

body model)


Dual ultra-fast power diode gives veryfast reverse recovery from transients

The BYQ72 from NXP Semiconductorsis a dual ultra-fast power diode for usein fast-switching power supplies.

The device’s maximum average forward currentis 15A, and it is capable of withstanding arepetitive peak reverse voltage of up to 200V.

ByQ72 power diode: integrated heat-sink

NXP SEMICONDUCTORS

APPLICATIONS• Output rectifiers in high-frequency

switched-mode power supplies

FEATURES• High thermal cycling performance• 150°C maximum junction temperature• Withstands up to 8kV ESD strikes (human

body model)• 0.2A maximum non-repetitive peak

reverse current (100µs pulse)



For samples or pricing [email protected]:ON Semi’s NCP170: page 9PARTNERWORKING

Parameter Conditions Typical/Nominal Maximum Unit

Average Forward Current δ = 0.5; Tmb ≤113°C; square-wave pulse; per diode 15 A

Average Output Current δ = 0.5; Tmb ≤113°C; square-wave pulse; both diodes conducting 30 A

Non-repetitive PeakForward Current

tp = 10ms; Tj(init) = 25°C; sine-wave pulse; per diode 200 A

tp = 8.3ms; Tj(init) = 25°C; sine-wave pulse; per diode 220 A

Forward Voltage IF = 15A; Tj = 25°C 0.95 1.05 V

Forward Voltage IF = 30A; Tj = 25°C 1 1.2 V

Forward Voltage IF = 15A; Tj = 150°C 0.78 0.9 V

The ByQ72 is notable for its low on-state loss:forward voltage at the maximum 15A current isjust 0.78V. It also supports fast switchingoperations, featuring a reverse recovery time of18ns for a 100A/µs transient. In addition, itssoft recovery characteristic helps to keeppower-consuming oscillations to a minimum.

The diode is available in two variants: theByQ72EK-200, housed in a TO-3P (SOT1259)package; and the ByQ72EW-200, housed in aTO-247 (SOT429) package. Both units areplastic, single-ended packages with a heat-sink mounted on them.



150mA LDO features ultra-low quiescent current

The NCP170 series of CMOS low drop-out regulators from ON Semiconductor isdesigned for use in portable and battery-powered applications, in which its low typicalquiescent current of 500nA is of great benefit.

ON SEMICONDUCTOR

APPLICATIONS• Battery-powered devices• Portable communication equipment• Cameras• Image sensors • Camcorders

FEATURES• Input-voltage range: 2.2V-5.5V• ±1% output-voltage accuracy • Stable with ceramic capacitors of 1µF • Over-current protection • Thermal shut-down protection • Active discharge option available



STMicro’s TSV731: page 8PARTNERWORKING

New AC-DC front-end module offers high powerdensity and short time to market

VICOR

APPLICATIONS• Small-cell wireless basestations• LED lighting• Industrial equipment• Factory-automation equipment

FEATURES• Power factor exceeds 0.95 under most

line/load conditions• Operates effectively with small hold-up

capacitors• Over-voltage protection• Over-current protection• Over-temperature protection• Certified for IEC CB scheme



The NCP170 offers dynamic quiescent-current adjustment, to ensure that the current drawn by thedevice remains extremely low when it is supplying no load.

Combined with a low typical drop-out voltage of 170mV at an output of 150mA, the NCP170helps designers to achieve long battery life.

The device provides a low-noise output and a highpower-supply rejection ratio.Its dynamic transient-boostfeature improves transientresponse in wirelesscommunication applications.

The NCP170 seriesdevices are available inversions with a nominaloutput voltage of 1.2V, 1.5V,1.8V, 1.9V, 2.1V, 2.5V, 2.8V,2.85V, 3.0V, 3.3V or 3.6V. Itis produced in two packagestyles, both measuring 1mmx 1mm: a SOT-563, and anXDFN with four terminals.

The new VIA PFM™ modules, which feature apower density of 8W/cm3, can supply anisolated, power-factor regulated 24V or 48VSafety Extra Low Voltage (SELV) DCoutput for a load of up to 400W.Operating from a universal mainspower-input range between 85VAC and 264V AC, the VIA PFMmodules offer conversionefficiency of up to 92%.

Just 9mm high and36mm wide, the VIAPFM module’s formfactor is some fivetimes thinner thanthat of conventional 1Upower supplies. This meansthat it may be mounted on the sidewall of a 1U chassis, freeing valuable boardreal-estate for other functions.

In addition, the excellent thermal characteristicsof the VIA PFM modules mean that they maybe chassis-mounted and conduction-cooled,with no need for a fan to provide forced-aircooling. The elimination of the fan gives

system designers a usefuladditional space saving

as well as improvingoverall reliability.

The integratedmodules implement

various systemfunctions including EMI

filtering, transient-voltageprotection and inrush current

limiting. They are supported byVicor’s PowerBench design tool

suite, which enables designers todevelop a model of a complete AC-to-

point-of-load power system, using adesign methodology which makes use of

modular power components. The tool enablesthe user to quickly configure and visualise anend-to-end power system and analyse itsperformance.

The VIA PFM modules are available inchassis- and board-mount options.

Vicor Corporation has introduced anew series of high-density, integratedAC-DC front-end converter modules.

NCP170 LDO: low power losses for long battery run-times



10

P • I • ES E C T I O N

TVS diode arrays offer high level of over-voltageprotection on CAN bus lines

TVS diodes for CAN bus: 30kV ESD capability

Two series of diode arrays for TransientVoltage Suppression (TVS) from Littelfuseenable designers to protect automotiveCAN bus lines from damage due to ESD,Electrical Fast Transients (EFTs) andother over-voltage transients.

The SM24CANA and SM24CANB series diodearrays can absorb repetitive ESD strikes abovethe maximum level specified in the IEC 61000-4-2 standard without performance degradation.

The SM24CANA can safely dissipate 3A of8/20s surge current in accordance with the IEC 61000-4- 5 lightning-protection standard, withvery low clamping voltages. In the SM24CANBseries, this surge current rating is 10A.

The ESD capability of the two TVS diodearrays includes a minimum 30kV for airbornedischarges, and contact discharges of 24kV or30kV for the SM24CANA and SM24CANB,respectively.

The ability of the two series of diode arraysto withstand 5/50ns EFT events is rated at 50Afor the SM24CANA and 40A for the SM24CANB.

LITTELFUSE

APPLICATIONS• CAN bus protection• Automotive systems

FEATURES• Leakage current:

1µA for SM24CANA0.1µA for SM24CANB

• 24V maximum reverse stand-off voltage • 26.7 minimum reverse breakdown voltage• AEC-Q101 qualified


Robust connectors featurelow minimum mating forceThe Universal MATE-N-LOK connectors from TE Connectivity (TE) use acombination of pins and sockets intermixed in the plug and cap housings toachieve excellent electrical performance in a 0.250” (6.35mm) pitch design.

TE’s MATE-N-LOK connectors have removable contacts enclosed in the housing

TE CONNECTIVITy

APPLICATIONS• Appliances• HVAC systems• Power supplies• Fan modules• Lighting• Wiring harness assemblies

FEATURES• Compatible with wire sizes in the range

30 AWG to 10 AWG • Available in tin or gold plating• From two to ten in-line positions• Wire-to-wire connector: 1-15 positions• Wire-to-board connector: 2-15 positions




NXP’s UJA113x: page 6NXP’s TJA1046: page 15PARTNERWORKING

Rated to 600V AC/V DC and 19A, these connectors offer wire-to-wire, wire-to-panel and wire-to-board configurations. Housings feature positive polarisation, positive locking and rear cavityidentification for easy, error-resistant assembly.

The removable contacts, which are enclosed inthe housings, require a low minimum matingforce.

Universal MATE-N-LOK connectors areavailable in numerous variants, includingcircular, flanged, bulkhead, sealed and colouredhousings in various materials including GlowWire compliant.


C O M P O N E N T F O C U S P • I • ES E C T I O N

Space-efficient 45A connector withstands strong vibrations

Hirose has introduced the DF60 series tomeet the demand for high-poweredwire-to-board connectors offering highreliability in industrial applications.

The connector range consists of cable-mountfemale crimp sockets and PCB-mount vertical,right-angle and panel-mount in-line maleheaders which can handle up to a 45A current.

The DF60 series has been designed withspace saving in mind: the plug andreceptacle housings have a low profile,featuring a mated height of only 30mmusing the vertical header. With a small pitchof 10.16mm, the connectors’ footprintcovers only a small area of the board.

The robust lock provides a positivetactile sensation and an audible click whenmated. This confirms that the connector isfully engaged, guaranteeing completeelectrical and mechanical connection. Thelock is on the centre of the housing toavoid uneven locking and cableentanglement, a common problem withside locks. This also enables multipleconnectors to be mounted closer togetherside-by-side.

Wire-to-board connectorsgive BoM-cost savings

TE Connectivity (TE) has introduced acost-efficient version of its popularMicro-MaTch connector family,providing an opportunity for designersof less demandingapplications to makesavings in Bill-of-Materials(BoM) costs.

The new Micro-MaTch Value-lineof connectors is perfect forapplications which are notexposed to heavy vibration,operate within a temperaturerange between -30°C and 80°C,and do not need to withstandfrequent mating cycles. Bycontrast, the existing Micro-MaTch connectors for industrialapplications can withstand higheroperating temperatures, moremating cycles and more vibration.

The Micro-MaTch Value-line is based on thehigh-quality Micro-MaTch connector system.On a pitch of 1.27mm, the Micro-MaTchValue-line offers a variety of wire-to-boardinterconnections which may be readilyaccommodated in space-constrained boarddesigns.

Micro-MaTch Value-line: 1.27mm pitch

HIROSE

TE CONNECTIVITy

APPLICATIONS• Robots• Automotive modules• Medical equipment • Servers• Servo amplifiers and motors

FEATURES• Contact positions:

1-6 right-angle and vertical version2-5 panel in-line version

• Accommodates cable sizes AWG 8 toAWG 12

• Operating-temperature range: -55°C to 105°C

• 30 mating cycles• UL- and TÜV-certified


APPLICATIONS• Home-automation equipment• Mobile GPS devices• Lighting• Ventilation and climate-control units• CCTV• Building surface control• Set-top boxes• Audio and video equipment• Electronic voting machines• Payment terminals

FEATURES• Tin-plated contact design• Gas-tight and corrosion-free connections

between wire and insulation displacementcontacts

• Full range of application tooling from handtools to fully automated equipment

• Cable connectors accept all standardribbon cables




The cable-mount female socket housing usescrimp contacts which have a five contact-pointinternal structure. Two of the contact points arefixed in the upper section. The other three arein the lower section and are spring-based,allowing movement to follow the flat structureof the male contact during mating. Thisprovides high contact reliability, secureconnection and strong resistance againstvibration.

Keying variations are available to preventincorrect insertion when multiple connectorsare used.

DF60 series: centrally mounted lock



500mA linear regulators feature verylow drop-out voltage

The NCP133 from ON Semiconductoris a new 500mA Low Drop-Out (LDO)linear regulator whichoffers the compactdimensions, lowquiescent current andlow voltage droprequired in portableand battery-powereddevices.

The NCP133 includes anNMOS pass transistor anda separate bias supplyvoltage. It is notable for itsvery low drop-out voltageof 140mV, a value achievedat the maximum loadcurrent of 500mA. Power-saving designs also benefitfrom the device’s lowquiescent current: the biasinput current in Disablemode is just 0.5µA.

The device provides a very stable, accurateoutput voltage with low noise, suitable fornoise-sensitive applications. Output-voltageaccuracy is rated at ±0.5%, and the output-noise voltage in the fixed-voltage parts is just40µVrms.

ON SEMICONDUCTOR

2A load switch protects USB OTG applications

The new NX5P2090 from NXPSemiconductors is an advanced powerswitch which provides multipleprotection functions to USB On-The-Go (OTG) applications.

The NX5P2090 typicallyconnects an externalvoltage source to a USBconnector supportingUSB3 OTG in a portable,battery-operated device. Inthis set-up, it provides theUSB-connected devicewith under-voltage andover-voltage lock-out,over-current, over-temperature, reverse-biasand in-rush currentprotection. This meansthat a USB OTG voltagesource is automaticallyisolated from a connector’sinput-voltage pin when afault occurs.

As well as providing input and output power-switch terminals, the NX5P2090 includes:• a Current Limit input for defining the over-

current and in-rush current limits• a Voltage Detect output to monitor the

voltage level on the output• an open-drain Fault output to indicate when

a fault condition has occurred • an Enable input to control the state of the

switch

NXP NX5P2090 USB power switch: low-power mode available

NXP SEMICONDUCTORS

APPLICATIONS• Portable devices with a USB interface

FEATURES• Supply-voltage range: 3V to 5.5V• Tolerates a voltage of up to 32V at the

output terminal• 2A maximum continuous current• 100mΩ maximum on-resistance at 4.0V• 20µA current in low-power mode



APPLICATIONS• Battery-powered and portable equipment• Point-of-load power supplies

FEATURES• Input-voltage range: 0.8V to 5.5V • Bias voltage range: 2.4V to 5.5V• Stable with a 2.2µF ceramic capacitor• Guaranteed output current from 0mA to

500mA • Output active discharge option available



Part Number Output Voltage (V)

NCP133AMX090TCG 0.9NCP133AMX100TCG 1.0NCP133AMX105TCG 1.05NCP133AMX110TCG 1.1NCP133AMX115TCG 1.15NCP133AMX120TCG 1.2NCP133AMX125TCG 1.25NCP133AMX130TCG 1.3NCP133AMX150TCG 1.5NCP133AMX180TCG 1.8NCP133AMXADJTCG Adjustable (0.8V to 3.6V)NCP133BMXADJTCG Adjustable (0.8V to 3.6V)

When the Enable input is set Low, the deviceenters a low-power mode, disabling allprotection circuits except the under-voltagelock-out. The low-power mode can be enteredat any time unless the over-temperatureprotection circuit has been triggered. TheEnable input includes integrated logic-leveltranslation making the device compatible withlow-voltage processors and controllers.

NCP133 LDO from ON Semiconductor: stable, accurate output voltage


13

1080p image sensor captures high-quality movingpictures in bright and dark conditions

AR0230CS image sensor: wide dynamic range

ON Semiconductor’s latest CMOS imagesensor for use in advanced security videocameras combines industry-leading low-light capabilities with superior High-Definition (HD) picture quality.

The AR0230CS image sensor features a widedynamic range of 105dB, and its optical formatis 1/2.7 inch (6.6mm).

A 2.1Mpixel CMOS image sensor withintegrated High Dynamic Range (HDR) support,the AR0230CS enables the capture of HD1080p video data at a rate of 60 frames/s. Itprovides for high picture quality even in difficultconditions for imaging, since it features motioncompensation, advanced local tone mappingand digital lateral overflow to minimise motionartefacts and to enhance HDR colourreproduction.

The AR0230CS also provides an interleavedT1/T2 output for designers using third-partyHDR software.

ON Semiconductor’s proprietary 3.0µm DR-Pix™

pixel technology is used to enhance low-lightperformance and to widen the dynamic rangeup to a maximum of 105dB. The DR-Pix pixelhas two modes: • a low conversion-gain mode which is

optimised for bright environments, offeringgreater charge-handling capacity

• a high conversion-gain mode which offershigh sensitivity and low read-out noise in low-light environments.

The operating temperature of the AR0230CSspans from -30°C to 85°C. The deviceprovides both parallel and HiSPi™ interfaces.

ON SEMICONDUCTOR

ENERGY

250mA LDO provides ultra low-noise supply to sensitive RF andanalogue circuits

ON Semiconductor’s NCP160, a LowDrop-Out (LDO) linear regulatorcapable of supplying an output currentof up to 250mA, has the excellentnoise-rejection characteristics requiredin the power supply to sensitive RFand analogue circuits.

Operating from an input-voltage range of 1.9Vto 5.5V, the NCP160 generates a very lowtypical noise figure of 10µVrms. At the sametime, its power-supply rejection ratio of 98dB,at 20mA, 1kHz, means that it can block ripplecurrent from reaching noise-sensitivecomponents.

The NCP160 provides stable operation withsmall 1µF ceramic input and output capacitors.Versions of the device are available with fixedoutput voltages spanning the range 1.8V to5.14V.

ON Semiconductor also supplies the NCP161LDO, which has the same characteristics andpackage options as the NCP160, but whichprovides a maximum output current of 450mA.

NCP160 LDO: good ripple-current blocking capability

ON SEMICONDUCTOR

STMicro’s SP1ML: page 20STMicro’s SPSGRF: page22PARTNERWORKING

The NCP160FCT2GEVB evaluation board enablesdesigners to quickly test the NCP160, a 250mA LDO forRF and analogue circuits. Orderable Part Number: NCP160FCT2GEVB

FREEBOARDS


APPLICATIONS• 1080p IP cameras • Home security equipment• In-car digital video recorders

FEATURES• Global reset release-shutter mode• On-board statistics engine• High-speed configurable context

switching• Automatic black-level calibration • Phase-locked loop • Temperature sensor



APPLICATIONS• Battery−powered equipment • Wireless LAN routers • Cameras• Digital video recorders • Set-top boxes• Camcorders

FEATURES (NCP160)• ±2% regulation accuracy over load and

temperature • 18µA quiescent current• 0.1µA stand-by current• 80mV drop-out at 250mA





Vandal-resistant switches offer multiple colourand finish options

E-Switch provides product designerswith a wide choice of vandal-resistantswitches in its PV series.

The PV series switches feature a metal bodyand actuator, and offer a variety of options,including two-colour dot or ring illumination,multiple actuator styles, and long lifeexpectancy.

The body and actuator finishes can beselected separately and include gold, nickel,

polished stainless steel,brushed stainless steel andblack anodised. The contactmaterial is silver or gold.

The series of switches rangefrom the smallest PV5 series,with a 12mm diameter panelcut-out, to the largest PV9series with a 28mm diametercut-out. Switch configurationsavailable include single-poleonly, one- or two-polemaintained, momentary ordouble-break functions, andsingle-pole/ double-throw anddouble-pole/double-throwoptions.

The PV1, PV2, PV6, PV7,PV8 and PV9 series are water-resistant, featuring an IP65rating.

PV series from E-Switch: choice of finish materials

E-SWITCH



APPLICATIONS• Kiosks• Medical equipment • Parking-ticket dispensers

FEATURES (PV4 SERIES)• 2A maximum current at 24V DC • 0.7A maximum current at 125V AC• Operating temperature range:

-20°C to 55°C• 50,000 switching cycles• 50mΩ maximum contact resistance

at 1A, 12V DC



Dual high-speed CAN transceiver gives largeboard-space saving

NXP Semiconductor’s new TJA1046 isa dual high-speed CAN transceiverwhich provides two interfaces betweena CAN protocol controller and thephysical two-wire CAN bus.

It is composed of two fully independentTJA1044GT transceivers combined in asingle package. Measuring 3mm x4.5mm, the TJA1046’s leadlessHVSON14 package has a boardfootprint more than 70% smaller thanthat of traditional SO packages.

The new transceiver packageimplements the CAN physical layer asdefined in the current ISO11898standard (ISO11898-2: 2003,ISO11898-5: 2007). Additional timingparameters defining loop-delaysymmetry are specified pending therelease of the updated version ofISO11898-2 which includes CAN FD.

TJA1046 CAN transceiver: data rate up to 5Mbits/s

NXP SEMICONDUCTORS

Compact LEDs in 2835 package combine low costand high performance

The low- and mid-power white 2835 LEDsfrom Everlight, in four versions rated at0.2W and 0.5W, meet users’ need forhigh efficiency as well as low cost.

With a compact footprint of 3.5mm x 2.8mm,the Everlight 2835 LEDs have a very low profileof just 0.7mm.

The high-performance 2835 series is ideal fortubes, panel lighting and downlights, but is alsosuitable for any general lighting application.

If used to replace other low- and mid-powerpackages, the 2835 LEDs maintain high levelsof efficiency while reducing the board footprintto provide for a more compact product design.With conservative operation, an Everlight 2835LED can achieve a high efficiency of up to181lm/W.

EVERLIGHT

NXP’s UJA113x: page 6Littelfuse’ SM24CANA: page 10PARTNERWORKINGThis implementation enables reliable

communication in the CAN FD fast phase atdata rates up to 5Mbits/s.

The TJA1046 offers a very low-currentStand-by mode with bus wake-up capability. Italso exhibits ideal passive behaviour in relationto the CAN bus when the supply voltage is off,and its EMC performance is excellent atspeeds up to 500kbits/s, even without acommon-mode choke.

Version Standard 2835 0.5W (Z15) Standard 2835 0.5W (Z15) High Efficiency 2835 0.5W (U6)

Part Number (CCT: 4,000K) 67-21S/KK4C-H4040R3R62835Z15/2T/EU

67-21S/KK5C-H4040R3R62834Z15/2T/EU

67-21S/KK4C-M4040V9X92532U6/2T/EU

Nominal Operating Current 150mAFlux at 65mA 29-31lm 29-33lm 31-33lmEfficiency at 65mA 160lm/W 170lm/W Up to 181lm/WMain Benefit Low cost Best price/performance High performance

Version Standard 2835 0.2W (Z6)

Part Number (CCT: 4,000K) 67-21S/KK4C-H4040N3P32833Z6/2T/EU

Nominal Operating Current 60mAFlux at 60mA 24-27lmEfficiency at 60mA 141lm/WMain Benefit Low cost. Best price/performance



APPLICATIONS• Automotive gateway-control units• Automotive body-control units

FEATURES• Improved transmission-to-reception

propagation delay of 210ns• Optimised for use in 12V automotive

systems• Can interface with 3.3V and 5V

microcontrollers with 5V-tolerant I/Os• AEC-Q100 qualified



APPLICATIONS• Tubes and bars• Flexible LED modules• Panels• Down lights• General lighting

FEATURES• 0.2W 2835 LED can replace 3020 and

3014 LEDs• 0.5W 2835 LED can replace 5630 and

3030 LEDs• Minimum 80 CRI• Standard ANSI CCT output range:

2,700K to 6,500K• Tight 3.5SDCM binning




D E S I G N N O T E

CROCUS

In the course of a system design which uses a magneticsensor for current sensing, it is important to know themagnitude of the magnetic field generated around a current-carrying trace. In this case, the designer will need tosimulate the magnetic field with the help of an appropriatesimulation tool.

The correct implementation of contactless current sensing draws ondetailed information about the way the magnetic flux vector formsaround the current-conducting material. The direction and magnitude ofthe flux vectors – which follow the super-positioning rule – are highlydependent on the shape of the current-carrying conductor.

The general formula for calculating the magnitude of a magnetic field,and the right-hand rule for determining the direction of the magneticvector, assume the current is carried through a very long and narrow,one-dimensional wire. This simple assumption is often good enough forengineering work. But if more accurate data are needed, then a morecomplex computation based on 2D or 3D simulation is required.

To explain the method, this Design Note presents a 2D simulation ofthe magnetic field around a current-carrying trace on a PCB. Aknowledge of magnetic field simulation will help the designer to betterunderstand the approach to differential current sensing, which may beimplemented with sensors from Crocus Technology such as theCTSR215V-IS4, CTSR218V-IS4 or CTSR222V-IS4.

Use of a simulation tool The main goal of this simulation is to solve for the field vectors of theinduced magnetic field around a flat, narrow and thin current-carryingtrace. For this purpose, the QuickFields 6.0 Student Edition softwarewas used: it can provide a 2D analysis of induced magnetic fields. Theuser sets values for various parameters based on the environment to besimulated, and then calculates the direction and magnitude of themagnetic field.

The magnitude of a magnetic flux, B, generated by the current, I, in astraight and long wire at a distance, r, from the wire is expressed byAmpere’s equation:

In this equation, µ0 is the permeability of the medium. The direction ofthe field B’s vector is given by the familiar right-hand rule.

The Crocus application note, AN103: General Current Sensing, explainsthe principle of contactless current sensing with a Crocus IC. The aim isto locate a magnetic sensor at a very short distance from a current-carrying trace on the PCB.

The case described in this application note uses the PCB itself as theinsulator between the sensor and the current-carrying trace. In this case,the magnetic sensor is mounted on top of the PCB with the current-carrying trace located exactly under the sensor but on the other side ofthe PCB. The dimensions applied in this simulation are shown in Table 1.

The permeability of the different materials is shown in Table 2.

The final step is to define the simulation environment. The physical set-up has a current-carrying trace on the bottom side of the PCB locatedexactly under the sensor package located on the top side of the PCB.This set-up is shown in Figure 1. The current in this simulation comesout of the page, and has a magnitude of 10A DC.

Table 2: Relative permeability of materials

Parameter Value (µ/µ0)

Relative permeability of air 1.00000037

Relative permeability of PCB 1

Relative permeability of chip 1

Relative permeability of copper 0.999994

Table 1: Dimensions of the components used in the simulation

Feature Thickness (µm)

Packaged sensor 700

PCB 1600

Current-carrying trace 40

How to use simulation to model theshape and magnitude of the magnetic field

generated by a current-carrying trace

µ012πr

B =

Fig. 1: Simulated cross-section of the PCB containing the current-carrying trace and the sensor package

The second example involves two sensors and two traces as shown inFigure 2.

The distance between the two current-carrying traces in Figure 2 is14mm from centre to centre; the current is coming out of the page forthe current trace on the left, and is going into the page for the currenttrace on the right. In both cases, the current is 10A DC.

The results of the simulation The simulation result for the first example is shown in Figure 3. The thinblue line indicates the profile of the PCB with the sensor on the top andthe trace on the bottom. If we consider that the sensing die is locatedapproximately in the middle of the package, then we can see that theflux vector in the active sensing area of the chip is horizontal and, in thiscase, pointing to the left. Another important insight is that lines showingwhere the magnetic field has the same magnitude follow the shape ofthe trace – that is, they are not concentric circles.

The result of the second simulation is shown in Figure 4. It shows that thedirection of the magnetic vector is determined by the current flow, sincethe magnetic field on the left is in the opposite direction to the magneticfield on the right. And again, the contours showing where the magneticfield has the same magnitude follow the shape of the trace on the PCB.

One can also see that the magnetic flux density in the area between thetwo traces is very low (less than 0.3фB) when the two traces are placedfar from each other. This simulation shows that the two traces will have anegligible effect on each other as long as there is enough distancebetween them.

The interesting question then is: how does the magnetic field emanatingfrom a trace on the PCB compare to the

field emanating from a linear conductorcarrying the same current? To answerthis question, the ratio of themagnitude of the magnetic field for atrace to the magnitude of the field for alinear circular conductor, as a functionof distance, is shown in Figure 5.

As one would expect, the magneticfield in both cases decreases withdistance. But the magnetic field in thecase of the trace is much lower whenthe sensor is very close to theconductor. The difference in themagnitude of the magnetic fields of thecurrent-carrying trace and the linearconductor is negligible at a distance ofaround 2mm and more.

Conclusion Simulation results show that, in thecase of a conducting trace, the shapeof the magnetic field follows the shapeof the trace. Also, a wider tracegenerates a weaker magnetic fieldclose to the surface of the trace.

This is a design challenge that needsto be taken into account whendesigning a PCB for a current-sensingapplication. Clearly, the wider the tracethe lower the current density, thus theweaker the magnetic field. At a certaindistance, typically several millimetres,from the surface of the trace carryingthe current, however, the magnitude ofthe magnetic field can be estimatedrather accurately by using Ampere’sequation for a linear conductor.

For more information [email protected]

Fig. 5: The ratio of the magnitude of the magnetic field for a trace to the magnetic field for a linear circularconductor as a function of distance

Fig. 2: Cross-section of the PCB containing two current-carrying traces and two sensors

Fig. 3: Simulation result indicating the flux density and the vectors of the flux around a narrow and flat current-carrying trace. The current of 10A is assumed tobe coming out of the page.

Fig. 4: Simulation result indicating the flux density and the vectors of the flux around two narrow and flat current-carrying traces. The 10A current flows inopposite directions in the two traces.

D E S I G N N O T E

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I N D U S T R I A L A N D H O M E A U T O M A T I O N


Application SpotlightThe Application Spotlight in this issue of FTM from FutureElectronics features new components that designers will benefitfrom evaluating during the development of industrial- andhome-automation equipment.

Intelligence is a core element of all automation equipment,but this intelligence needs data on which towork. This Application Spotlight shows thatthe electronics industry is inventing new andmore sophisticated types of sensors toprovide data which are increasingly accurate,precise and easy to use.

ams, for instance, has refined the operationof ultrasonic sensing to produce extremelyaccurate measurements of flow and volume.Its TDC-GP30 flow sensor, shown on page 21,radically simplifies the development of a staticflow meter, integrating all the flow calculationsand corrections in its on-board 32-bitmicroprocessor. This relieves the application’shost processor of the requirement to performthese intensive computations.

A new colour sensor from ROHMSemiconductor also provides improved capabilities todesigners of industrial-automation equipment. TheBH1745NUC, on this page, performs accurate colorimetry,

a capability which can be used, for instance, to monitor thequality of manufactured or processed goods.

For data logging and metering, Atmel’s new SAM L21 familyof 32-bit microcontrollers, on page 23, provides a breakthrough:the power consumption of these devices, which include an

ARM® Cortex®-M0+ core, falls to just 200nA in thedeepest Sleep mode. This means that sensingequipment which captures data only periodicallycan achieve remarkably long run-times evenwhen powered by a small battery.

This Application Spotlight also highlightscomponents for transmitting data and controlsignals in the home or factory.

STMicroelectronics offers modules, the SP1MLon page 21 and the SPSGRF on page 20, whichinclude both an RF transceiver and the necessaryperipheral components, such as an antenna, filtercircuit and power supply. This provides thedesigner with ready-made wireless connectivityand makes the system-development processquicker and easier.

For more information or to request any of thefeatured evaluation boards visit www.my-boardclub.com, or [email protected] to request pricing or samples of componentsin this issue of FTM.

New colour sensorachieves effective rejectionof IR interference

ROHM Semiconductor has launched acolour sensor capable of detecting thecolour temperature, brightness andRGB components of ambient light. TheBH1745NUC sensor is ideally suited todisplay-backlight management, and toindustrial-automation applications.

The BH1745NUC offers particularly accuratemeasurement of visible light because of itsexceptionally good Infra-Red (IR) filtering, theresult of the application of optical IR removaltechnology and digital filtering methods. Thedistorting effect of the IR component ofambient light is more than ten times lower thanthat suffered by conventional colour sensors.

This means that the BH1745NUC may be usedbehind a dark (low-permeability) display screen

or optical window, unlike conventional coloursensors which cannot provide accurate lightmeasurements when used behind dark glass.

BH1745NUC colour sensor: ideal for quality control

ROHM SEMICONDUCTOR

APPLICATIONS• Display brightness and colour adjustment • Quality control in manufacturing

operations• Process control

FEATURES• Rejects 50Hz/60Hz noise• Programmable interrupt function• 130µA current in Active mode• 0.8µA current in Stand-by mode



The I2C-compatible BH1745NUC detects thered, green and blue colour components ofvisible light and converts them to a digitalvalue. It has excellent sensitivity and a widedynamic range of 0.005lux to 40klux, enablingit to provide accurate measurements in allconditions from near darkness to bright sunlight.Within this range the sensor can achieve aresolution of 0.005 lux.



19

Solid-state relay offers many temperature and currentprotection functions

STMicroelectronics’ ISO8200B solid-state relay operates as a galvanicallyisolated eight-channel driver with a verylow supply current.

The IC contains twoindependent galvanicallyisolated voltagedomains. It is intendedto drive any kind of loadwith one sideconnected to ground.

ST has provided therelay with a largenumber of embeddedprotection functions.These include: • protection against loss

of ground• under-voltage shut-

down with hysteresis• Reset capability for

immediate power-output shut-down

If this condition causes the case temperature toreach its limit, the overloaded channel is turnedoff, and it only restarts when both the case andjunction temperatures fall to their reset values.Channels that are not overloaded continue tooperate normally.

The ISO8200B is compliant with the IEC61000-4-2, IEC 61000-4-4, IEC 61000-4-5and IEC 61000-4-8 standards.

The ACTT8B-800CTN from NXPSemiconductors is an AC thyristortriac power switch which features self-protective clamping capabilities toprotect it against low- and high-energytransients. Its ability to withstand over-voltage conditions is as specified inthe IEC 61000-4-5 standard.

This triac will commutate the full RMS currentat the maximum rated junction temperature of150°C without the aid of a snubber. Thismakes it ideal for use in systems designed foroperation at high temperatures.

The ACTT8B-800CTN is housed in a in aSOT404 (D2PAK) surface-mount plasticpackage. It is pin-compatible with standardtriacs.

Its planar passivated structure gives it highvoltage ruggedness and reliability. In addition,it features a gate with relatively low sensitivity,providing for high noise immunity.

ACTT8B-800CTN from NXP: ideal for use in high operating temperatures

STMICROELECTRONICS

NXP SEMICONDUCTORS

APPLICATIONS• Programmable logic controllers• Industrial PC peripheral I/Os• Numerical control machines • Drivers for all types of loads

FEATURES• Parallel input interface • Direct and synchronous control modes • High common-mode transient immunity • 0.7A output current per channel • Fast demagnetisation of inductive loads


APPLICATIONS• AC fan, pump and compressor controls• Highly inductive, resistive and safety loads• White goods• Reversing induction motor controls

FEATURES• Protective self turn-on capability for high

energy transients• Safe clamping capability for low energy

over-voltage transients• Triggering in three quadrants only• Very high immunity to false turn-on due to

fast transients• Package meets UL94V0 flammability

requirement




Triac power switch fully operational at upto 150°C

The protection functions ensure that the devicedoes not suffer damage from overloads orshort circuits.

In overload conditions, if the junctiontemperature exceeds its maximum threshold,the channel involved is turned off, and then onagain automatically only after the IC’stemperature has fallen below the reset threshold.



RF modules provide integrated MCU, power supply,antenna and filter circuit

APPLICATIONS• Automatic meter reading• Home and building automation• Wireless sensor networks• Industrial monitoring and control

equipment• Wireless fire and security alarms • Point-to-point and star networks • Cable replacement

FEATURES• Low-power operation:

9.7mA Receive current21mA @ 11dBm Transmit power

• -121dBm sensitivity at a 1% bit error rateeven in low-power mode

• STM32L1 MCU includes 16kbytes ofRAM and 128kbytes of Flash memory

• Compact size: 14mm x 13.4mm x 2.5mm• Output power up to 11.6dBm• Data rates up to 500kbits/s• Operating power-supply range:

2.0V to 3.6V



Real-time clock features battery back-up circuit and time-stamp facility

OM13510 eval board: supports battery-powered operation

NXP SEMICONDUCTORS

APPLICATIONS• Printers and copiers• Electronic metering• Digital cameras• Low-power portable devices• Elapsed time counters• Network-powered devices• Digital voice recorders• Data loggers

FEATURES• Two independent alarms• Watchdog timer• Clock operating voltage range: 0.9V to 5.5V• I2C interface • Programmable clock output for peripheral

devices



On the OM13510 evaluation board, a PCF85263A RTCCis mounted together with a quartz crystal, a lithium batteryplus a blocking capacitor to buffer the supply voltage. Orderable Part Number: OM13510

FREEBOARDS


The STEVAL-SP1ML868 USB dongle is a design tool forevaluation of the SP1ML-868 low-power RF module. Thedongle includes the module, an on-board RF antennaand a USB connector providing power and an interfaceto a PC. Orderable Part Number: STEVAL-SP1ML868

FREEBOARDS


The PCF85263A is a CMOS Real-TimeClock and Calendar (RTCC) whichoffers low power consumption,drawing just 0.28µA at asupply voltage of3.0V and anambienttemperatureof 25°C.

It also provides forcontinued operationin the event of apower-supply outage.A battery back-up circuitautomatically switches tobattery power on the lossof the main power supply.

The PCF85263A counts years, months,days, weekdays, hours, minutes, seconds and1/100th seconds, using a 32.768kHz quartzcrystal. The clock may also be configured as astopwatch or elapsed time counter.

Three time-stamp registers are available,triggered by the battery switch-over functionas well as by input-driven events. The RTCCalso features two independent interrupt

generators, and provides pre-definedinterrupts at every second, minute or

hour. Frequency adjustment is madevia a programmable offset register.

The PCF85363A offers thesame functions as the

PCF85263A, but with theaddition of a 64byte battery-backed RAM.

The SP1ML-868 and SP1ML-915from STMicroelectronics areultra low-power, fullyintegrated RF modulesoperating in the 868MHzShort-Range Devices(SRD) and 915MHzISM bands.

The compact SP1ML module is basedon the SPIRIT1 RF transceiver withintegrated power supply, and includes anSTM32L1 microcontroller, a balun withintegrated harmonic filter, a chip antenna and acrystal. Supplied with all the necessary FCCmodular approvals and CE certificate, theSP1ML allows for easy implementation of RFconnectivity and a fast time to market, even fordesigners with no previous RF designexperience.

The UART host interface allows simpleconnection to an external microcontroller withstandard firmware, and familiar AT commands

enable the user to configure the RF system’soperation, and to select data transmission andreception options. The SP1ML supports the

2-FSK, GFSK, GMSK, OOK, and ASKmodulation schemes.

Some of the GPIOs andperipherals in themodule’s STM32L1

MCU are available toprovide an interface to

external devices in the user’sapplication, as is a Serial Wire

Debug (SWD) interface.

ON Semi’s NCP160: page 13STMicro’s SPSGRF: page 22PARTNERWORKING

STMICROELECTRONICS



Automotive-qualified 450W TVSdiode arrays protect low-speed I/Os

Littelfuse’s uni-directional 450W SDseries and bi-directional SDxxC seriesgeneral-purpose diode arrays, forTransient Voltage Suppression (TVS),are designed to replace the Multi-Layer Varistors (MLVs) commonly usedfor ESD protection.

Their compact SOD-323 package fits thefootprint of an 0805 MLV, allowing manufacturersto replace them in their designs with an SD orSD-C device without changing the PCB orsolder pad. Unlike ceramic devices, which havean inherent wear-out factor, the SD and SDxxCdevices are made of silicon diodes, which allowthem to absorb repetitive ESD strikes or surgetransients safely without performancedegradation. They are available in reversestand-off voltage ratings ranging from 5V to 36V.

Flow measurement SoC simplifiesdesign of ultrasonic water meters

Highly accurate and extremely energy-efficient, the TDC-GP30 from amsprovides a complete System-on-Chip(SoC) implementation of ultrasonic,fully static flow and/or volumemeasurements.

Its integrated 32-bit microprocessor performsmathematically complex and computationallyintensive flow calculations with all thenecessary corrections, relieving theapplication’s host processor or controller ofthis task. This means that the design of newultrasonic flow meters may be greatlysimplified and shortened, allowingmanufacturers to develop cheaper, morecompact and energy-efficient ultrasonicmeters.

While the TDC-GP30 offers users fullfreedom to programme the firmware, ams alsosupplies the TDC-GP30-F01, which comeswith pre-programmed firmware providing allthe software routines needed to implement acold-water meter.The TDC-GP30 functions as a complete front-end flow-measurement solution, providing adigital volume output through standard serial

interfaces and through a pulse interface whichemulates the output of legacy mechanical flowmeters.

The sensor measures water flow bycapturing precise time differences betweenultrasonic pulses in the direction of the flow aswell as against the flow. When used in cold-water meters, the measured transit times ofthe ultrasonic impulses are also used for thenecessary measurement of the watertemperature when using the TDC-GP30-F01.

At a typical sampling rate of 8Hz, the TDC-GP30 draws only 9.5µA for all operations,

including calculating and correcting flowmeasurements. This extremely low powerconsumption enables the use of low-cost 2/3AA or AA lithium thionyl chloride batteries. Thismeans that, at a sampling frequency of 6-8Hz,a water meter can operate for more than 20years before the battery needs to be replaced.

LITTELFUSE

AMS

APPLICATIONS• Automotive electronics • RS-485 ports • Point-of-sale terminals• Test equipment and instrumentation• Medical equipment• Servers

FEATURES• 30A lightning protection according to

IEC 61000-4-5 standard• ±30kV ESD protection (contact and air)

according to IEC 61000-4-2 standard• 1µA maximum leakage current• AEC-Q101 qualified


APPLICATIONS• Ultrasonic water meters• Ultrasonic heat meters• Ultrasonic gas meters• Industrial flow indicators

FEATURES• 4kbytes of non-volatile RAM for user

firmware programme code• 4kbytes of ROM• Transducers can be connected directly

with no external components required• SPI, UART and pulse interfaces




Part Number Dynamic Resistance

SD05 0.22ΩSD05C 0.31ΩSD12 0.29ΩSD12C 0.41ΩSD15 0.34ΩSD15C 0.34ΩSD24 0.49ΩSD24C 0.49ΩSD36 0.61ΩSD36C 0.61Ω

The low dynamic resistance of the SD andSDxxC diode arrays provides up to a 50%reduction in clamping voltage compared tocompeting technologies, making them ideal forprotecting buttons, switches, power ports, andother low-speed I/Os.

SD series TVS diode: same footprint as 0805 MLV

Development System for TDC-GP30 ultrasonic flowconverter. Orderable Part Number: GP30-DEMO-KIT

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30V trench MOSFET has ultra-low profile

PMZ550UNE: supports fast switching

NXP Semiconductors has added to its portfolio of N-channel trench MOSFETs withthe 30V PMZ550UNE, which is packaged in a tiny leadless DFN1006-3 (SOT883)package measuring 1.0mm x 0.6mm x 0.48mm. The same device in a lower-profileDFN1006B-3 (SOT883B) package carries the part number PMZB550UNE and has aheight of just 0.37mm.

NXP SEMICONDUCTORS



STMicroelectronics has introduced aseries of easy-to-use, low-power modulesbased on the SPIRIT1 RF transceiver.

The SPSGRF-868 operates in the 868MHzShort-Range Devices (SRD) band, and theSPSGRF-915 in the 915MHz ISM band. Themodules provide a complete RF platform forwireless automation and control functions in atiny package measuring 13.5mm x 11.5mm x2mm. As well as the SPIRIT1 transceiver, theSPSGRF modules also include an antenna,balun and filter, RF tuning network, power-supply filter and 50MHz crystal.

Designers with no RF experience will find iteasy to use the SPSGRF series to integratewireless connectivity into their end-product. Inaddition, the burden of regulatory compliance iskept to a minimum: the SPSGRF-915 is anFCC- and IC-certified module, and theSPSGRF-868 carries a CE0051 certificate.

The modules support various modulationschemes, giving users the flexibility toimplement the communication method bestsuited to their application.

STMICROELECTRONICS

APPLICATIONS• Automatic meter reading• Home and building automation• Wireless sensor networks• Industrial monitoring and control equipment• Wireless fire and security alarms • Point-to-point wireless links• Point-to-point and star networks



• -121dBm receiver sensitivity at a 1% biterror rate, even in low-power mode

• Programmable RF output power up to11.6dBm

• Packet handler• Internal timers• Operating power-supply range:

2.0V to 3.6V• SPI and GPIO interfaces



STMicro’s SP1ML: page20ON Semi’s NCP160: page 13PARTNERWORKING

APPLICATIONS• Relay drivers• High-speed line drivers• Low-side load switches• Switching circuits

FEATURES• 590mA maximum drain current, at 25°C

ambient temperature• >2kV ESD protection (human body model)• 65K/W thermal resistance from junction

to solder point• Junction temperature range:

-55°C to 150°C

X-NUCLEO-IDS01A4: see page 25 for details.

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These schemes are:• 2-FSK • MSK • OOK• GFSK • GMSK • ASK

The SPSGRF module provides a datacommunications rate ranging between 1kbit/sand 500kbits/s.

868MHz/915MHz RF module enables easy implementation ofwireless communications

The MOSFETs are notable for theirlow threshold voltage of 8V. They alsosupport fast switching operation withrise time specified at 7ns and fall timeat 3ns.

The PMZ550UNE andPMZB550UNE are ideally suited touse in system designs that requirelow power losses. On-resistance at agate-source voltage of 4.5V whensupplying 590mA is 550mΩ at ajunction temperature of 25°C. Totalgate charge under the sameconditions is 0.6nC.



1,200V IGBT offers efficiency benefits

The STGW40S120DF3 fromSTMicroelectronics is a trench-gatefield-stop IGBT featuring a 1,200Vminimum breakdown-voltage ratingand a low voltage drop for goodefficiency in low-frequency industrialpower supplies.

The device benefits from a proprietary trench-gate field-stop silicon structure developed by ST.This technology helps the STGW40S120DF3to achieve a positive temperature coefficient ofits saturation voltage, as well as tightparameter distribution across all productionunits. As a result, power-system designers cansafely implement paralleling operations to meethigh-power requirements.

Saturation voltage is 1.65V at a collectorcurrent of 40A, helping to keep conductionlosses to a minimum and provide for highpower efficiency.

The STGW40S120DF3 is housed in a TO-247package. The same device carrying the partnumber STGWA40S120DF3 is available in aTO-247 package with long leads.

STGW40S120DF3: low conduction losses

STMICROELECTRONICS

APPLICATIONS• Industrial drives• Uninterruptible power supplies• Solar power equipment• Welding equipment

FEATURES• 10µs of short-circuit withstand time• Low thermal resistance• Soft and fast-recovery anti-parallel diode• 129nC total gate charge



32-bit MCUs set new benchmark for low-power operation in Active and Sleep modes

Atmel has launched the SAM L21 familyof ultra low-power 32-bit ARM®-basedmicrocontrollers, which benefit fromAtmel’s proprietary picoPower™ power-saving technology.

Consuming just one-third as much power ascomparable products on the market today, itoffers designers the opportunity to dramaticallyimprove efficiency and battery run-time inInternet of Things (IoT) and portable applications.

The SAM L21 MCUs draw as little as35µA/MHz in Active mode running theEEMBC® CoreMark® routines. The devices’power-saving modes also use remarkably littlepower: with full SRAM retention and the real-

time clock running, the devices draw less than900nA. In the deepest Sleep mode, the currentflowing through the SAM L21 is just 200nA.

The SAM L21 MCUs feature an ARMCortex®-M0+ core which can rapidly wake-upfrom Sleep modes, and also draw on Atmel’sEvent System and Sleepwalking functions. Inaddition, the MCUs use Atmel’s innovativepicoPower peripherals, which can run while therest of the device is sleeping. Atmel has alsoimproved the low-power QTouch® peripheraltouch controller, which can wake-up on sensing atouch when drawing a current as low as 2.5µA.

The SAM L21 MCUs also include a low-power12-bit ADC capturing 1Msamples/s, a 12-bitDAC and timers/counters for control applications.The Atmel® | SMART MCUs based on the ARMCortex-M0+ core, from the SAM D10 to theSAM L21, are code- and pin-compatible, makingit easy for designers to migrate designs fromone device to another.

ATMEL

APPLICATIONS• IoT end-nodes• Battery back-up systems• Portable medical equipment • Activity trackers• Data loggers• Sensor hubs• Metering equipment

FEATURES• AES security support• True random number generator• SPI, I2C, USART, IrDA, LIN, PMBus and

SMBus interfaces• 16-channel DMA • Full-Speed USB host and device functions• Three op amps• Programmable custom logic



The SAM L21 series' development platform includes anXplained PRO kit, code libraries and Atmel Studiosupport. The SAM L21 Xplained Pro uses the 64-pinATSAML21J18B-MUT with 256kbytes of Flash, andfeatures an on-board embedded debugger, USBconnection, hardware for power profiling in Atmel Studio,and XPlained Pro extension headers. Orderable Part Number: ATSAML21-XPRO

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LV UltraMOV: 40% smaller than competitors

The LV UltraMOV™ varistor series fromLittelfuse has been expanded to providehigher DC voltage and surge-currentratings.

The new varistors offer maximum continuous-voltage ratings ranging between 65V DC and125V DC, and an enhanced surge-currentrating of up to 10kA for an 8/20µs pulse. Themaximum AC voltage rating ranges between11Vrms and 95Vrms.

The LV UltraMOV series devices combinethese higher ratings with the smallest footprinton the market, some 40% smaller thancompeting products. The series is available indisc diameters of 5mm, 7mm, 10mm, 14mmand 20mm.

The LV UltraMOV varistors are available witheither an epoxy coating or a phenolic coating.Devices with a phenolic coating are able to

withstand a higher maximum operatingtemperature of 125°C. The epoxy-coatedvaristors have a maximum operatingtemperature of 85°C.

LITTELFUSE

APPLICATIONS• LED lighting drivers• Cordless phones• Audio and video equipment• Mobile phone chargers• Security and fire-alarm systems• Automation control systems• Industrial control contact relays• Surge protection devices• Telecoms power systems• Wireless basestations

FEATURES• 2,500V isolation voltage (epoxy coating)• 500V isolation voltage (phenolic coating)• UL recognised (epoxy coating only)• Up to 150J non-repetitive (2ms pulse)

energy rating



MEMS pressure sensorcombines high resolution andlow power usage

STMicroelectronics’ LPS25HB is a piezo-resistive absolute pressure sensor whichfunctions as a barometer with a digitaloutput, measuring over an absolutepressure range of 260hPa to 1,260hPa.

This tiny device can be used as an altimeter inwearable and handheld devices, supportingfunctions such as indoornavigation and activitymonitoring. It can also act asa barometer in weatherstations.

In high-resolution mode,the LPS25HB can detectchanges in pressure as smallas 0.01hParms. Whenoperating in this mode, thedevice draws an operatingcurrent of just 4.5µA.

The LPS25HB iscomprised of a MEMSsensing element and asignal-processing IC whichcommunicates via an SPI or

STMICROELECTRONICS

APPLICATIONS• Home-environment monitoring machines• Altimeter/barometer function in portable

devices• Enhanced GPS applications• Weather stations • Wearable devices

FEATURES• 20x full-scale over-pressure capability• Embedded temperature compensation• 24-bit pressure data output• Output data-rate range: 1Hz to 25Hz• Embedded FIFO• Supply voltage range: 1.7V to 3.6V• Operating temperature range:

-30°C to 105°C



The STEVAL-MKI165V1 is an adapter board for theLPS25HB pressure sensor. The board, which may beplugged into a standard DIL 24 socket, supports fastsystem prototyping and device evaluation in the user'sapplication. The adapter provides the complete LPS25HBpin-out and comes supplied with the required decouplingcapacitors on the power-supply line. This adapter issupported by the STEVAL-MKI109V2 motherboard, onwhich it is possible to use the Unico GUI. Orderable Part Number: STEVAL-MKI165V1

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I2C interface from the sensing element to theapplication. The sensing element, whichdetects absolute pressure, consists of asuspended membrane manufactured using aprocess developed by ST.

The LPS25HB is available in a holed landgrid-array package measuring 2.5mm x 2.5mmx 0.76mm. The package has a hole with a20µm diameter: this is large enough to allowatmospheric pressure to reach the sensingelement, but too small for liquid to enter at normalatmospheric pressure, allowing manufacturersto wash the device safely after soldering.

LPS25HB from ST: operates as altimeter or barometer

New varistors offer high 10kA surge-current rating in small footprint

Future Electronics’ Board Club: supporting innovative electronics designEurope’s electronics industry thrives on the application of innovation and creativity, and an essentialinnovator’s tool in design projects is the development board. The Board Club website is a Future Electronicsresource for users of development boards. Here, and only here, Board Club members can gain access toexclusive free development boards and development board offers.If you would like to register for membership, please visit: www.my-boardclub.com/register.php


RF eval board provides ready-made interface toSTM32 microcontroller boards

NFC tag with I2C interfaceprovides contactless bridge toany microcontroller

NTAG NFC IC: energy-harvesting capability

NXP Semiconductors has launched anew type of energy-harvesting NFCForum Type 2 tag with an I2C interfacewhich provides a contactless bridgebetween an NFC device and any I2C-enabled microcontroller.

The NXP Semiconductors NTAG I²C devices,the NT3H1101W0Fxx and NT3H1201W0Fxx,support full bi-directional communicationbetween an NFC-enabled device and the hostsystem’s microcontroller, making them ideal forNFC designs which interface with a range ofelectronic devices.

By combining an NFC interface with an I²Cinterface, the NTAG I²C solution enables newkinds of NFC tag interactions, includingadvanced device pairing, personalisation ofelectronic devices, and device maintenance.

The devices include an externally-powered64byte SRAM buffer for fast transfer of data inPass-through mode between the RF and theI2C interfaces. The NTAG ICs also feature usermemory: 888kbytes in the NT3H1101W0Fxxand 1,904kbytes in the NT3H1201W0Fxx.

An innovative energy-harvesting function,which makes it possible for the NTAG I2C tagto power external components such as amicrocontroller, makes it an excellent choice forlow-power applications.

NXP SEMICONDUCTORS

APPLICATIONS• NFC headsets • NFC speakers• Wearable infotainment equipment• Fitness equipment• Home automation equipment • Electronic shelf labels

FEATURES• Fully compliant with the ISO/IEC 14443A

2-3 standard• Fully compliant with the NFC Forum tag

Type 2 specifications• I2C interface supports standard 100kHz

and fast 400kHz modes• 50pF input capacitance• Field detection


The X-NUCLEO-IDS01A4 interfaces with an STM32 microcontroller on an STM32 Nucleo board viaSPI connections and GPIO pins. The user can change some of the GPIOs by mounting resistors onthe X-NUCLEO-IDS01A4 board or by removing resistors from it.

The SPSGRF module on the X-NUCLEO-IDS01A4 board is based on ST’s popularSPIRIT1 RF transceiver, which supports a widevariety of modulation schemes, and whichprovides for a data rate ranging between1kbit/s and 500kbits/s.


The NTAG I²C Demo Kit is a simple all-in-onedemonstrator kit for NFC-connected tag chips. It enablesthe user to demonstrate the basic operation of dual-interface NFC/I²C communication. Orderable Part Number: OM5569

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APPLICATIONS• Automatic meter reading• Home and building automation• Wireless sensor networks• Industrial monitoring and control equipment• Wireless fire and security alarms • Point-to-point wireless links



• -121dBm receiver sensitivity at a 1% biterror rate, even in low-power mode

• Programmable RF output power up to11.6dBm

• Packet handler• Internal timers• Operating power-supply range:

2.0V to 3.6V power supply



To apply for these free boards go to: www.my-boardclub.com/ftmTerms and conditions apply. Visit www.my-boardclub.com/about_us for details

25

The X-NUCLEO-IDS01A4 is an evaluation board from STMicroelectronics based onthe SPSGRF-868 868MHz RF module, see page 23. It is compatible with theSTM32 Nucleo series of ARM® Cortex®-M microcontroller boards. The board is alsocompatible with the MORPHO and Arduino UNO R3 connector layout.

Orderable Part Number: X-NUCLEO-IDS01A4

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T E C H N I C A L V I E W

The vision for the Internet of Things (IoT) sees billions ofdevices connected to the internet, each with its own IPaddress. A connection to the universal network enables eventhe simplest of devices, such as sensors in a factory or LEDlights in a home, to continually upload small bursts of data inreal time, and to act on commands sent by a remote controller.

The technology to accomplish this exists today. The IPv6 protocolsupports a practically unlimited number of individual IP addresses. Andthrough wired and wireless communications, a connection to the internetcan be made in almost every inhabited place on the planet, and in manythat are not inhabited.

One barrier to the realisation of this vision, however, has so far receivedtoo little consideration: the economic model for connecting wire-free,mobile or hard-to-reach devices to an internet access point. While mobiletelephone network coverage might be almost universal in the industrialisedworld, a mobile data service plan comes at a high price. That’s fine forexpensively employed humans such as sales people or field servicetechnicians, and for expensive assets such as shipping containers.

But for millions or billions of tiny devices such as sensors oractuators? Today, the cost of a mobile telephone connection is totallyout of proportion with the cost of the device. And that is why deviceOEMs should take note of a proven new technology for wide-areawireless networking, and ensure that new device designs are able totake advantage of the much cheaper connectivity option which it is setto provide.

The high cost of service plansThe internet is transport-neutral. A device may connect via a wiredEthernet network in an office, a Wi-Fi® access point in a home, orthrough a mobile telephone mast from a farmer’s field: the internet treatsthem all equally.

In a wireless sensor network or similar IoT application, therefore, userswill normally want to choose the lowest-cost feasible means ofconnection. This will normally be a Wi-Fi or ZigBee® (wireless) orEthernet (wired) connection where available. These are not available toremote or mobile devices, which today rely on a mobile telephonenetwork to provide access to the internet.

But when a typical cellular telephone data service plan costs some$25 per month per device, the financial model for wireless sensornetworks might not add up. In fact, the situation promises only to getworse, as Mobile Network Operators (MNOs) are keen to switch off theirlegacy 2G GSM networks. Consumer demand drives the businessstrategies of the MNOs, and this demand is for very high download ratesto support video streaming, file sharing, photo sharing and other popularapplications. So MNOs are pouring investment into the roll-out of 4GLTE networks, which offer wide-area mobile broadband capability.

By contrast, the old 2G networks offer far less attractive revenueopportunities: MNOs would prefer to eliminate the cost of maintainingand operating old 2G equipment and carry all data traffic on the newer3G and 4G networks. But the higher data-rate service plans available on3G and 4G networks are even more expensive than the basic offerings,putting mobile telephone airtime even further out of the reach of wirelesssensor networks.

Today, then, some device manufacturers are tending to implement acompromised version of the IoT. In a gateway architecture, remote orwire-free devices connect wirelessly to a fixed gateway. The connectionto the gateway may be via a technology such as Wi-Fi, Bluetooth® LowEnergy or ZigBee: licence-free, and with no airtime cost.

The gateway might have a fixed-line link to the internet, or it mightrequire a mobile telephone connection to access the internet, but in thiscase the high cost of the service plan is shared among the tens orhundreds of devices which use the gateway.

This architecture may be suitable for some applications, but it has itsdrawbacks. The chief one is the limited range of the link between thenode and the gateway: Wi-Fi, Bluetooth Low Energy and ZigBee all havea limited point-to-point range of typically less than 100m. A complexmesh network topology, which is supported by the ZigBee protocol,might be able to extend this to some extent, but only if one node isnever more than 100m from another node.

Applications in which nodes are widely distributed or mobile over a widearea, therefore, cannot rely on this gateway architecture. They need theirown, dedicated, long-range link to internet access points. And today,this is normally provided by a GSM module interfaced to a mobiletelephone network, as shown in Figure 1.

Low-cost wide-area wireless networkingToday, then, the problem for the industrial device OEM is that there isonly one wireless technology which provides practically universalcoverage: the mobile telephone network. Other existing technologies,such as Wi-Fi, Bluetooth and ZigBee, provide local patches of coverage,but are not universal.

In the next two years, however, this is set to change. For instance, analliance between semiconductor manufacturer Semtech and IBM is

Fig. 1: Devices with a direct connection to the internet via mobile phone masts can roam more widely thanthose tied to a local, private gateway

How manufacturers can avoid crippling high mobile data charges

EMAIL [email protected] FOR SAMPLES AND DATASHEETS26

READ THIS ARTICLE TO FIND OUT ABOUT• The reasons why it is expensive to connect IoT devices to a mobile

telephone network• The capabilities of the new LoRa technology, which operates in

licence-free bandwidth• The choice of components and modules available to OEMs for

developing LoRa-certified equipment

By Kevin PriceEuropean Business Development Manager, Future ConnectivitySolutions (a division of Future Electronics)

T E C H N I C A L V I E W

And IBM itself has made its Mote Runner software development kitcompatible with the SX127x series of LoRa transceiver ICs fromSemtech. This means that OEMs’ LoRa-based systems will be able touse Mote Runner in their product development. Mote Runner providesan open and programmer-friendly platform for developing the software toconnect and control wireless sensor and actuator nodes.

A 5,000-node trial LoRa network is already under way in France, andanother 2,000-node trial is taking place in Swindon, UK. OutsideEurope, several trial networks are taking place in the US, backed by themobile telephone industry.

With the heavyweight backing of IBM, the technology seems highlylikely to gain the support it needs from MNOs and others. Nationwidecoverage in some European countries and in the US is expected to beachieved by the end of 2017.

Implications for device OEMsSo what does this mean fordevice OEMs? At a low monthlycost per device, many users ofsensors, actuators and otherindustrial devices will deriveenormous benefits fromuniversal wireless internetaccess. There are applicationsin many fields:• personal medical treatment,

for instance tracking sufferersof Alzheimer’s disease whenaway from home

• forestry and agriculture, forinstance implanted sensors infarm animals to alert farmersto bodily changes whichindicate an animal is ill,distressed, or ready to givebirth

• machine telemetry, to allow the virtual monitoring of the operation ofmachinery in remote locations

• transportation, for instance for asset or fleet tracking

And while the proposed LoRa network is not universally available, thetechnology to support it is available. Semtech's SX127x LoRatransceiver ICs for devices are available in production volume fromFuture Electronics. LoRa transceiver modules from Microchip andMultiTech are also available from Future Electronics.

Therefore device manufacturers should consider carefully the case forfuture-proofing their products by building in LoRa capability now. Anydevice which today carries a mobile telephone transceiver module willalso carry the high monthly cost of a mobile telephone data plan. Adevice with LoRa capability built-in can enable the user to switch from amobile telephone network to a LoRa network as soon as the latter isavailable, and instantly start benefiting from very large monthly costsavings. This will provide a huge competitive advantage.

The alternative, of waiting until the LoRa network is fully operationalbefore implementing LoRa in slave devices, ties today’s customers in tothe mobile phone networks’ high data charges indefinitely.

The LoRa revolution is coming, and it makes most sense to prepareIoT products to use it now.

The LoRa™ name and associated logo are trademarks of Semtech Corporation or its subsidiaries.


their Internet of Things devices with

behind a programme to install low data-rate radio transceivers, operatingin licence-free (ISM) frequency bands between 860MHz and 1020MHz,on mobile phone masts worldwide.

This new radio network will provide a wireless channel betweendevices and the mast, independent of any mobile telephone network. Atthe mast, traffic will be routed on to the same backhaul infrastructureused by the mobile telephone networks, providing a data pipe to theinternet. Once on the internet, the data may be stored and processed inthe cloud. Typically the cloud service will be provided by a third partysuch as Amazon, or a specialist M2M data service provider.

Crucially, the cost of using the Semtech/IBM network for periodic lowdata-rate communications is expected to be far lower than the cost ofusing mobile telephone networks.

A huge saving on the mobile telephone networks’ $25 monthly cost-per-device is possible because: • the Semtech/IBM radio transmissions occupy licence-free bandwidth• the network equipment is optimised for low data-rate sensor and

actuator applications• the radio concentrators can take advantage of existing masts,

eliminating the need for major construction and commissioning costs,as shown in Figure 2.

At the heart of the new network is Semtech’s Long Range (LoRa™)technology: a patented modulation scheme that, at low data rates,provides a link budget of up to 157dB, and has been proven to workreliably in semi-rural environments over a range of 15km. Given thatmast-mounted mobile phone transceivers in such environments arenormally designed to serve cells with a maximum 10km radius, therange of LoRa transceivers is comfortably long enough to provide foruniversal coverage when mounted on existing mobile phone masts.

The possibilities opened up by this new LoRa network are exciting agreat deal of interest in the industry. Already Microchip, MultiTech andIMST have announced that they are developing LoRa transceivermodules, and MultiTech and Kerlink are developing concentrators, formounting on mobile phone masts.

Fig. 3: LoRa technology can enable many kinds ofdevices to connect to distant data concentrators


Fig. 2: Individual LoRa-enabled devices may connect to a LoRa concentrator as far as 15km away

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