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INDUCTION DEDUCTION AND HYPOTHETIC METHOD

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UNKNOW WORDS LOGIC: MantkLOGIC: Mantk MORTAL : Fani, lmlMORTAL : Fani, lml VAL D TY : Do ruluk, geerlilikVAL D TY : Do ruluk, geerlilik SOUNDNESS : Sa lamlk, mkemmellikSOUNDNESS : Sa lamlk, mkemmellik SWAN :Ku u SWAN :Ku u

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PREM SES : ncl LOG CALLY : Mantksal olarak CLASS F ED : Snflandrlm PROV NG : Deney, Kantlama PROV NG : Deney, Kantlama ARGUMENT : Gr , ddia,Kant ARGUMENT : Gr , ddia,Kant COMPOS TE : Bile ik COMPOS TE : Bile ik

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ATTR BUTE : zellik Nitelik QUARTERBACK :Oyunu yneten oyuncu UNCERTAIN : Ku kulu, tereddtl CREDIBLE : nandrc, gvenilir EVIDENCE : Kant, delil

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Deducton Deductive reasoning, also deductive logic or logical deduction or, informally, "top- down" logic is the process of reasoning from one or more statements (premises) to reach a logically certain conclusion.

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Deductive reasoning links premises with conclusions. If all premises are true, the terms are clear, and the rules of deductive logic are followed, then the conclusion reached is necessarily true.

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AR STOTELES

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Scheme of deducton

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Validity and soundness Deductive arguments are evaluated in terms of their validity and soundness. An argument is valid if it is impossible for its premises to be true while its conclusion is false. In other words, the conclusion must be true if the premises are true. An argument can be valid even though the premises are false. An argument is sound if it is valid and the premises are true.

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FRANC S BACON 1561-16261561-1626 English philosopher and empiricistEnglish philosopher and empiricist Inductive reasoningInductive reasoning Argued for experimental methodologyArgued for experimental methodology

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nducton Inductive reasoning is inherently uncertain It only deals in degrees to which, given the premises, the conclusion is credible according to some theory of evidence.

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. Examples include amany-valued logic DempsterShafer theory, or probability theory with rules for inference such as Bayes' rule.

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Unlike deductive reasoning, it does not rely on universals holding over a closed domain of discourse to draw conclusions, so it can be applicable even in cases of epistemic uncertainty (technical issues with this may arise however; for example, the second axiom of probability is a closed-world assumption):

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Scheme of nducton

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A classical example of an incorrect inductive argument was presented by John Vickers: All of the swans we have seen are white. Therefore, all swans are white. Note that this definition of inductive reasoning excludes mathematical induction, which is a form of deductive reasoning.

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nducton and deduton comparng

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Comparng These two methods of reasoning have a very different "feel" to them when you're conducting research Inductive reasoning, by its very nature, is more open-ended and exploratory, especially at the beginning

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. Deductive reasoning is more narrow in nature and is concerned with testing or confirming hypothesis.

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CHARLES DARW N

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Hypothetc method

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Charles Darwin, Aristotle's deductive and Bacon ' s inducement method by combining this induction deductive method has occurred. This composite methods are called.

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Research, a forward-backward movement is. Researchers first observed by moving cases through the induction system. Then if you have the right if facts through deductive reasoning which seeks to detect the situation and there should be cases.

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Queston tme Queston tme

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What is the difference between inductive and deductive methods ? Can you tell us one examle about induction deduction ?

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Who argues that the Hypothotic method ?Who argues that the Hypothotic method ? Please, Can you tell us about this method ?Please, Can you tell us about this method ?

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Which is not the general characteristics of the induction ?Which is not the general characteristics of the induction ? A)Open-ended B)Founder of the Aristoteles C)General from specific D)More Narrow

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