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Indian Grid…Large Footprint

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NR

WR

SR

ERNER

Ennore

KudankulamKayamkulam

Partabpur

Talcher/Ib Valley

Vindhyachal

Korba

LEGEND

Coal

Hydro

Lignite

Coastal

Nuclear

VizagSimhadri

Kaiga

Tarapur

Mangalore

Krishnapatnam

RAPP

SIKKIM

MYANMMAR

CHICKEN NECK

Cuddalore

SRI LANKACOLOMBO

NEPALBHUTAN

DESHBANGLA

South Madras

Pipavav

Generation Load-Centre

Kolkata

Bhubaneswar

PatnaLucknow

Delhi

Mumbai

ChennaiBangalore

Bhopal

Guwahati

Jammu

Ludhiana

Jaipur

Gandhinagar

Indore

Raipur

Thiruvananthapuram

Kozhikode

Hyderabad

Coal

Hydro

Wind and Solar

Courtesy: NASA

Indian Power System

• Generating Stations > 900 Nos.

• Generating Units > 2200 Nos.

• > 7000 Sub-stations, • > 3100 transformers • 11 Nos. HVDC Bi-pole/BtB • > 100 nos. 765 kV lines • > 1300 nos. 400 kV lines,

Nepal Bhutan

Bangladesh

Myanmar

International Interconnections

• Demand met – 175590 MW on 18th Sep 2018

• Energy met – 3925 MU on 19th Sep 2018

• Hydro Generation – 741 MU on 31st Aug 2018

High growth

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Wind Potential ~ 100 GW (at 80 m hub- height)

Solar Potential ~ 750 GW (4-7 kWh per sq. m per day)

National Offshore Wind Energy Policy & wind

and Solar Hybrid policy

Solar Cities~ 60 Nos. Green Energy Corridors

Renewables CAGR ~ 18 %

Installed Capacity –as on 31 Dec’18 All India 349.28 GW Thermal 223.02 GW Hydro 45.39 GW Nuclear 6.78 GW RE 74.08

Solar Parks – 40 GW

Solar RPO ~ 8 % of total generation by 2022 (Excluding Hydro)

Solar PV Reverse Bidding ~ Rs. 2.44/kWh

Wind Atlas

Wind Reverse Bidding ~ Rs. 2.43/kWh

175 GW by 2022

Wind CAGR ~ 13 % (2014-17)

Solar CAGR ~ 67 % (2014-17)

Renewables on the Rise…MW to GW

Impact of Weather on Power System • Peak Summer Period (April-June)

– High Temperature – Increase in Demand due to Weather beating Loads – Dust-storms - Load crash, High voltage – Agricultural Demand due to ‘Kharif crop’

• Monsoon Period (July-Sept) – Widespread rains- sudden load crash & high voltage – Sudden hydro generation outage - due to high silt content

• Winter Period (Dec-Feb) – Agricultural Demand due to ‘Ravi Crop’ – Fog/smog – Demand due to use of Heating equipments

• Cyclones – Power outages, damage to transmission & distribution network

• Solar Eclipse – Impact on Solar Generation

Impact of Different Weather phenomena on Power system

Minimizing Impact on Power System

• Prior knowledge of Weather Conditions – Demand estimation – Generation Optimization – Maintenance scheduling of generating units and transmission

lines – Issuance of Advisory in case of warning

• Power Generation Increase/Decrease • Assessment of Impact on Power Transmission lines • Simulation Studies

– Better Plan for early restoration

Meteogram • Inputs to Meteogram

– Automatic Weather Stations,Satellite data ,Radar, Land station ..etc • Meteogram provides Plots for Meteorological Variables

– Rainfall, – Cloud Cover, – Temperature , – Humidity & – Wind Speed & direction..etc

• It is 3 hourly forecast for 10 days. • Each Meteogram Provides information for 10 kM radius • Updated at 00:00 Hrs UTC and 12:00 Hrs UTC

Meteogram : Three Hourly Forecast for 10 Days

Rains

Thunderstorm Indices

Clouds

Wind Speed & direction

Available for 450 Locations in the Country

Relative Humidity

Sea Level Pressure

Temperature

Relative Humidity

at 2 Meter

RADAR • The Doppler Weather Radar generates

different displays and derived products of practical utility based on standard algorithms.

• These displays are updated @ every 10 minutes

Reflectivity (dBZ) • The colors on the legend are the different echo intensities

(reflectivity) measured in dBZ. • "Reflectivity" is the amount of transmitted power returned to the

radar receiver. • Typically, light rain is occurring when the dBZ value reaches 20, 35-

40 Moderate , 40-50 Moderate to Heavy 50-55 Heavy rain • Hail is a good reflector of energy and will return very high dBZ

values – Greater than 55

Products from Doppler Weather Radars

Radar Image for Rain/Thunderstorm Monitoring

Rain/Thunderstorm

Thunderstorms: • A likely phenomena during summers •Leads to Load Crash • Excursion in Voltage and Frequency

50 km Boundary

100 km Boundary

Radar Image for Rain/Thunderstorm Monitoring

Radar Image for Rain/Thunderstorm Monitoring

Rajasthan Haryana

Uttar Pradesh

•Near Real time Radar image helped in Timely Reduction of Generation in State Control area/ISGS Generation, RRAS (Reserves Regulation Ancillary Services) Regulation leading to better Load Generation balance in the Grid

49.90

50.05

Cyclone Gaja Cyclonic Gaja made landfall in

Nagapattinam district of Tamil Nadu around 1:40 am on 16th November 2018

All the Control Centres referred the reports

generated by IMD and closely monitored the RADAR/Satellite Pictures available on the Weather Portal

Gaga Cyclone:- Precautions Taken • System parameters of following Substations were closely monitored i) 400kV Sriperumbudur S/s ii) 400kV Nagapattinam S/s iii) 400kV SV Chattram S/s iv) 400kV ILFS S/s, v) 400kV Kalivendapattu S/s, vi) 400kV Trichy S/s, vii) 400kV Neyveli S/s viii) 400kV Pondicherry S/s • Reactors were made available to control voltages • All the outages were deferred in East Chennai, Nagapattinam area, Neyveli area

and Pondichery area • Followings units were hand tripped in anticipation of reduction in demand: • 1. NCTPS -210 MW • 2. NCTPS Stage-2 – 600 MW • 3. STCMS (IPP) – 250MW

Close monitoring of cyclone helped in controlling the System parameters and restoration of

power supply in the affected area.

• Meteogram, wind and rain forecast for 27/28/29-05-2017 helped in better load assessment of UP control area by U.P. State Load Despatch Centre.

• As anticipated, UP demand went down from 19000 MW to 17000 MW due to change in weather conditions.

• Accordingly, STOA & purchase from Power Exchange of the order of 2000 MW was reduced. i.e Backing down of approximately 13 MU of costly thermal generation .

0,00

50,00

24/5/2017 25/5/201726/5/2017

27/5/201728/5/2017

29/5/201730/5/2017

21,15 23,98 24,15 18,44

9,92 10,18

9,52

Total Power Exchange & Bilateral

Demand Management Using Meteogram, Wind and Rain Forecast

Load Crash of around 450 MW

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0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

00:0

0 - 0

0:15

01:1

5 - 0

1:30

02:3

0 - 0

2:45

03:4

5 - 0

4:00

05:0

0 - 0

5:15

06:1

5 - 0

6:30

07:3

0 - 0

7:45

08:4

5 - 0

9:00

10:0

0 - 1

0:15

11:1

5 - 1

1:30

12:3

0 - 1

2:45

13:4

5 - 1

4:00

15:0

0 - 1

5:15

16:1

5 - 1

6:30

17:3

0 - 1

7:45

18:4

5 - 1

9:00

20:0

0 - 2

0:15

21:1

5 - 2

1:30

22:3

0 - 2

2:45

23:4

5 - 2

4:00

Timely MW Reduction by BSES

MW ReductionPrior Schedule

Benefit achieved by BSES

S.no. Date Savings (Mus)

1 10/05/2017 0.24

2 31/05/2017 0.48

3 20/06/2017 1.49

4 30/08/2017 1.43

5 31/08/2017 1.26

6 22/09/2017 2.19

7 23/09/2017 1.87

Total 8.96

Savings by BSES

Road Ahead • RADAR/Satellite image may be layered with Topographical

Maps, Transmission lines, Highways, State boundaries, Cities and Weather Warnings

• Rainfall estimate in catchment area of hydro plants for inflow forecasting /silt forecasting