Indian English and US English
Transcript of Indian English and US English
8/6/2019 Indian English and US English
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/indian-english-and-us-english 1/9
W H W D K ‛ W 8
W H W D K ‛ W
Kcjkhc Fcnlkwd hcj VW Fcnlkwd
Ocf Bfhckcn " Z~o ^oyjw
Jfmkckzkoc Kcjkh VWH
Zo hj}hcgf hc f}fcz, hw oc h ghlfcjhy5 zo wgdfjvlf kz fhylkfy zdhc kz
~hw oyknkchll{#pyfpocf bo}f )vp)
Zdf kbpyo}fbfczw zdhz dh}f iffc bhjf zo iykcn wobfzdkcn vp"zo"
jhzf# vpjhzkocw vpjhzfw
:zd Ahcvhy{, 900= 0:/08/0= 08/0:/0=
zdf joz hz zdf fcj om h wfczfcgf mvll wzop pfykoj
H~h{ myob ocf.w dobf gkz{ ovz om wzhzkoc ovz om zo~c
bhzdfbhzkgw bhzdw bhzd
zdf wfhwoc hmzfy wvbbfy hvzvbc mhll
jh{ ~dfc ommkgfw hyf glowfj ihce dolkjh{ lfnhl dolkjh{
wbhll pokczfj zdkcn vwfj zo pkc phpfyw oczo ~hllw phpfy pkc zdvbi zhge
bhye bhjf ~dfc wobfzdkcn kw goyyfgz oy wflfgzfj zkge gdfge zdf chbf om zdf mkchl lfzzfy om zdf hlpdhifz qfj qff
hcny{ pkwwfj omm pkwwfj
mooj {ov fhz ifmoyf h bfhl wzhyzfy hppfzkqfy
hbhqkcn, nooj jhcnfyovw gool
fbhkl hjjyfww Fbhkl KJ fbhkl hjjyfww
Zdf )hz) w{biol " @ hz zdf yhzf om hz
gobikcf ~kzd gvb ~kzd
yfwpocj, hw kc }kh fbhkl yf}fyz yfpl{
^dhz kw cfgfwwhy{ zo hggobplkwd h zhwe oy nohl $hbiknvovw+ Ft#
)Jo zdf cffjmvl)zdf cffjmvl
~dhz.w
cfgfwwhy{
Jfmkckzkoc Kcjkh ^oyj VWH ^oyj
zdkyj pkfgf om h bhlf.w wvkz zdhz nofw ifz~ffc zdf ahgefz hcj zdf ~hkwz gohz }fwz
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W H W D K ‛ W 9
W H W D K ‛ W
wdkyz
~dhz ~obfc ~fhy o}fy zdfky lfnw zkndzw $phcz{+ dowf
~dhz bfc ~fhy o}fy zdfky lfnw zyovwfyw phczw
h z{pf om womz wdof vwfj kc wpoyzw oy moy ghwvhl ~fhy zyhkcfyw,plkbwollw
wcfhefyw
wzyhp zo dolj vp h bhc.w zyovwfyw / phczw iyhgfw wvwpfcjfyw
kzfb zo dolj vp wzogekcnw wvwpfcjfyw nhyzfyw
kzfb om glozdkcn ~oyc kc dovwf hz ckndzjyfwwkcn
no~cihzdyoif
h zdkc glozd myob Hyhikh bvwlkc gdffwfglozd
lhynf ihn ghyykfj i{ mfbhlfw dhcj ihn pvywf
goczhkcfy ghyykfj i{ h ~obhc moy bocf{ pvywf pogefz iooe
goczhkcfy ghyykfj h bhc moy bocf{ pvywf ~hllfz
h ghwvhl z{pf om mooz~fhy gdhpphlwwhcjhlw,
zdocnw
~dhz {ov pvz kc h ihi{.w bovzd jvbb{ phgkmkfy
~dhz {ov pvz hyovcj h ihi{.w iozzob chpp{ jkhpfy
hggfpzkcn kc}kzhkoc K joc.z bkcj K.j lo}f zo
wvyfl{, ~kzdovz xvfwzkoc oi}kokvwl{ jfmkckzfl{
zyhcwpoyzhzkoc myob ocf plhgf zo hcozdfy goc}f{hcgf zyhcwpoyz
gobplfzfj, hw kc h moyb mkllfj vp mkllfj ovz
gyo~jfj zo zdf pokcz om ifkcn mvllgdoge"h"
iloge ahb phgefj
Jfmkckzkoc Kcjkh ^oyj VWH ^oyj
zdf hyfh cftz zo h wzyffz ~dfyf pfjfwzykhcw ~hle moozphzd,plhzmoyb
wkjf~hle
plhgf zo gyoww h wzyffz oc moozpfjfwzykhcgyowwkcn
gyoww~hle
plhgf myob ~dfyf noojw hyf iovndz wdop wzoyf
plhgf myob ~dfyf bfjkgkcfw hyf iovndz bfjkghlwwzoyf jyvn wzoyf
ph{bfcz kc h yfwzhvyhcz ikll gdfge
plhgf ~dfyf hlgodolkg jykcew hyf iovndz iyhcj{ wzoyf lkxvoy wzoyf
mkwdfybhc oy ocf ~do ~oyew kc zdf mkwdfykfw kcjvwzy{ mkwd bocnfy mkwdfybhc
wdop / wzoyf wfllkcn bfzhl noojw hcj zoolw kyocbocnfy dhyj~hyf
8/6/2019 Indian English and US English
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W H W D K ‛ W 7
W H W D K ‛ W
wzoyf
zdf ivwkcfww phyz om h gkz{ zo~c gfczyf jo~czo~c
~dhz zdfyf ~hw ifmoyf fbhkl5 $wchkl bhkl+ powz bhkl
gojf vwfj ~dfc woyzkcn bhkl / powz powzgojf oypkc
qkp gojf
zflfpdocf ghll ~dfyf zdf pfywoc ghllfj ph{wyf}fywfgdhynf
gollfgz ghll
myff zflfpdocf ghll phkj i{ gobphc{ myff pdocf zoll myff
gobphc{ oc zdf ^^^ #go#kc #gob
Jfmkckzkoc Kcjkh ^oyj VWH ^oyj
movy ~dfflfj pyk}hzf }fdkglf ghy hvzoboiklf
myocz om h ghy / hvzoboiklf ioccfz dooj
yfhy gobphyzbfcz om h ghy / hvzoboiklf iooz zyvce
bfzhl plhzf ~kzd cvbify oc h }fdkglf cvbify plhzf lkgfcwf plhzf
locn pkfgf om bfzhl vwfj moy yhjko yfgfpzkoc hfykhl hczfcch
bfzhl zool moy zkndzfckcn cvzw hcj iolzw wphccfy ~yfcgd
nlhww kc myocz om h ghy ~kcjwgyffc ~kcjwdkflj
bfzhl o}fy zdf ~dffl zo effp bvj omm bvj nvhyj
$~kcn+mfcjfy
bvlzk"lhcf yohj moy ghyw bozoy~h{ myff~h{
yohj phwwkcn o}fy hcozdfy ml{o}fy o}fyphwwdfh}{ noojw }fdkglf loyy{ zyvge
mvfl moy }fdkglfw pfzyol nhwolkcf
plhgf zo iv{ mvfl pfzyol wzhzkoc nhw wzhzkoc
hyfh zo wzop omm h bhaoy yohj lh{"i{ pvll"omm
bfzhl goczhkcfy kc wzyffz moy vc~hczfj kzfbw wekp jvbpwzfy
zkgefz moy ocf aovycf{ wkcnlf ocf ~h{
zkgefz moy z~o aovycf{w1 ovz hcj ihge yfzvyc yovcj zykp
z{pf om zyhcwpoyz yvc oc bfzhl yhklw yhkl~h{ yhklyohj
h ifhb wvppoyzkcn yhkl~h{ / yhklyohj zyhgew wlffpfy zkf
DFYF, hw oppowfj zo ZDFYF $coz dfyf+ Ft# )Aodc kw dfyf#) )Fnnw
hyf zdfyf#)zdfyf dfyf
MOOJW
Jfmkckzkoc Kcjkh ^oyj VWH ^oyj
8/6/2019 Indian English and US English
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W H W D K ‛ W :
W H W D K ‛ W
~dhz {ov fhz ~kzd bkle, zfh oy gommff ikwgvkz gooekf
~dhz {ov pvz oc iyfhj hb fll{
h nflhzkcovw jfwwfyz fll{ fll"O
gyvcgd{ zdkc"wlkgfj mykfj pozhzofw gykwpw gdkpw
mykfj wzkge"wdhpfj pozhzofw gdkpw myfcgd mykfw
h lhynf }fwwfl moy avkgf oy ~hzfy vn pkzgdfy
w~ffz zdkcnw nk}fc zo gdkljyfc zo yoz zdfky zffzd w~ffzw ghcj{
yollfj vp ghef ~kzd ahb / afll{ kc zdf bkjjlf W~kww yoll fll{ yoll
h wvnhy{ lkxvkj lkef docf{ zyfhglf bolhwwfw
mlh}ovyfj kgf oc h wzkge loll{ popwkglf
womz locn nyffc }fnfzhilf bhyyo~ wxvhwd
bfhz phwwfj zdyovnd h jf}kgf zdhz iyfhew kz vp kczo lkzzlf pkfgfw bkcgf nyovcj bfhzgfyfhl bhjf myob ohzw, wvnhy hcj bkle poyykjnf ohzbfhl
W~kww gfyfhl bhjf myob ohzw bvfwlk nyhcolh
mlvmm{ w~ffz kzfb moy gdkljyfc ghcj{ mloww gozzoc ghcj{
Gdkgefc lfn loll{pop jyvbwzkge
H locn wlfcjfy }fnfzhilf# Iozhckghl Chbf1 Boykcnh olfkmfyhJyvbwzkge /
WhcahchC/H
Pyf}kovwl{ eco~c hw zdf )hllknhzoy pfhy,) zdkw myvkz kw eco~c moy kzw
lvwd, ivzzfy{ zftzvyf hcj bklj cvzlkef mlh}oy# Zdf wekc ghc if zdkge
oy zdkc, nyffc zo pvyplf"ilhge hcj wboozd oy ykjnfj#
ivzzfy myvkz H}oghjo
H lhynf, fjkilf pvyplf"goloyfj myvkz oyknkchzkcn myob Kcjkh#Iykcahl
$hvifynkcf+Fnnplhcz
Zdf kzfbkqfj wzhzfbfcz mollo~kcn h bfhl hz h yfwzhvyhcz ikll gdfge
H yfzhkl loghzkoc ~dfyf zdf mooj kw wolj moy gocwvbpzkoc oc
pyfbkwfwdozfl yfwzhvyhcz
Jfmkckzkoc Kcjkh ^oyj VWH ^oyj
hyzdyopoj ~kzd wkt lfnw kcwfgz ivn
yfj kcwfgz / ivn ~kzd ilhge wpozw lhj{ikyj lhj{ivn
j~fllkcn kc h lhynf ivkljkcn mlhz hphyzbfczjf}kgf moy oizhkckcn ~hzfy zhp mhvgfz
nhyihnf, zyhwd, yfmvwf, pollvzkoc jvwz }hykhilf
goczhkcfy moy dovwfdolj ~hwzf jvwzikc zyhwd ghc
poyzhilf ihzzfy{"opfyhzfj lkndz wovygf zoygd mlhwdlkndz
8/6/2019 Indian English and US English
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W H W D K ‛ W 6
W H W D K ‛ W
zdf mlooy om h ivkljkcn zdhz kw lf}fl ~kzd zdf nyovcj nyovcj mlooy mkywz mlooy
zdf mlooy om h ivkljkcn zdhz kw ocf lf}fl hio}f zdf nyovcj mkywz mlooy wfgocj mlooy
jf}kgf moy ghyy{kcn pfoplf ifz~ffc mlooyw om h ivkljkcn lkmz flf}hzoy
plhgf ~dfyf mklbw / bo}kfw ghc if wffc gkcfbh bo}kf zdfhzfy
h z{pf om dovwf goccfgzfj zo ocf ozdfy
wfbk"
jfzhgdfjdovwf
jvplft
Jfmkckzkoc Kcjkh ^oyj VWH ^oyj
h wflm goczhkcfj wfgzkoc om zflf}kwkoc pyonyhbbf wdo~
nhbf plh{fj oc gdfww iohyj jyhvndzw gdfgefyw
goczfwz ifz~ffc z~o zfhbw bhzgd nhbf
nhbf plh{fj i{ z~o zfhbw ~kzd ihzw hcj ihllw gykgefz ihwfihll
plh{fy ~do zdyo~w h ihll hz hcozdfy plh{fy doljkcn h ihz io~lfy pkzgdfy
ihy oc h pk}oz moy gdkljyfc wff"wh~ zffzfy"zozzfy
wkbplf nhbf om O hcj Tcovndzw hcj
gyowwfwzkg zhg zof
h gollfgzkoc om plh{kcn ghyjw phge jfge
h poyzhilf zflfpdocf boiklf gfllvlhy, gfll
h nyovp om pfoplf ~hkzkcn moy zdfky zvyc xvfvf lkcf
zdf jhzfw om zdf Wfgocj ^oylj ^hy 8;7; " 8;:6 8;:8 " 8;:6
Ocf ^oyj " Z~o Bfhckcnw
^oyj Kcjkh Vwhnf VWH Vwhnf
Hwkhcpfywoc om Kcjkhc, Phekwzhck,
Ihcnlhjfwdk oyknkc
pfywoc om Ahphcfwf, ]kfzchbfwf, Gdkcfwf,
Eoyfhc, Pdklkppkco oyknkc
hww h jocef{ dvbhc powzfykoy
ihzdyoob h yoob goczhkckcn h ihzd oy wdo~fy h yoob goczhkckcn h zoklfz
ikll hbovcz zo ph{ moy h wfy}kgf h pkfgf om phpfy gvyyfcg{
iobi wvggfww jkwhwzfy
ivcw wzkge{ ghef dvbhc powzfykoy
ivb dvbhc powzfykoy vcfbplo{fj, jo~c"hcj"ovz
Ghvghwkhc Pfywoc myob zdf Ghvgvw yfpvilkgw1 ~dkzf pfywoc
8/6/2019 Indian English and US English
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W H W D K ‛ W =
W H W D K ‛ W
Nfoynkh, Hybfckh, Hqfyihkahc
gdkpw^dhz Hbfykghcw ghll )Myfcgd
mykfw)^dhz zdf Iykzkwd ghll )gykwpw)
mhn zhkl fcj om hc f}fcz )zdf mhn fcj om zdf pyonyhbbf)
bhlf dobowftvhl
mhcc{ ftzfychl mfbhlf wft oynhcw dvbhc powzfykoy
mktfjwfz oy jfgkjfj hw kc )zdf }fcvf dhw
iffc mktfj)
yfphkyfj oy pyfphyfj $)plfhwf mkt bf wobf
gvyy{)+
moozihll woggfy nykjkyoc
dhbpfy pkgckg ihwefz mvll om mooj ihwefz moy jkyz{ glozdfw
dobfl{plfhwhcz oy dobf"wz{lf $mooj+ oy
zyhjkzkochl $lhj{+vnl{
Kcjkhc pfywoc myob zdf Kcjkhc wvi"goczkcfcz kcjknfcovw Hbfykghc
fll{ nflhzkcovw jfwwfyz myvkz pyfwfy}f
bhj coz whcf hcny{
bfhc wzkcn{ hnnyfwwk}f
phczw ~oyc vcjfy zyovwfyw ~oyc o}fy vcjfy~fhy
pkwwfj jyvce hcny{
pyfwfczl{ wooc co~
pvilkg wgdool mff"ph{kcn wgdool wzhzf wgdool
xvffc zdf dfhj om wzhzf bhlf dobowftvhl
yviify kbplfbfcz zo fyhwf pfcgkl bhyew bhlf goczyhgfpzk}f
wfbk wfbk"jfzhzgdfj dovwf zyhgzoy"zyhklfy
wbhyz ~fll jyfwwfj glf}fy
wpvce wlhcn moy bhlf wftvhl fbkwwkoc mvll om )nfz vp hcj no)
wvwpfcjfyw dolj vp wzogekcnw dolj vp zyovwfyw / phczw
zfh jykce wfy}fj doz ~kzd bkle jykce wfy}fj golj ~kzd lfboc
zyhbp vcfbplo{fj, jo~c"hcj"ovz jfyonhzoy{ zfyb moy h mfbhlf om )fhw{ }kyzvf)
}fwz h nhybfcz ~oyc vcjfy h wdkyzzdf zdkyj phyz om h zdyff pkfgf wvkz ~oyc
ifz~ffc zdf wdkyz hcj ahgefz
~hwd vp ~hwd jkwdfw hmzfy h bfhl ~hwd mhgf hcj dhcjw
8/6/2019 Indian English and US English
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W H W D K ‛ W >
W H W D K ‛ W
Kcjkhc"Hbfykghc Fcnlkwd
Mooj Yflhzfj
Kcjkhc Hbfykghc
Goykhcjfy Gklhczyo
Golj jykce Wojh pop
Gvyjw [onvyz
Cfw"gommff Kcwzhcz gommff
Mklzfy"gommff Iyf~fj gommff
Bkle Po~jfy Gyfhb
Dozfl Yfwzhvyhcz
Afll{ Nflhzkc
Zoklfz Yfwz Yoob
Lhj{ mkcnfyw Oeyh
Iykcahl Fnnplhcz
Ikwgvkz Gooekfw
$Pozhzo+ ̂ hmfyw Gdkpw
Mkcnfy gdkpw Myfcgd mykfw
Nyovcjcvzw Pfhcvzw
8/6/2019 Indian English and US English
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W H W D K ‛ W 4
W H W D K ‛ W
Nfcfyhl
Kcjkhc Hbfykghc
Zyhcwkwzoy Yhjko
Z~o"kc"Ocf Ioob Iot
Gvyyfcz Flfgzykgkz{
*80 Cozf *80 Ikll
Gfll Ihzzfy{
Zoygd Mlhwdlkndz
Yviify Fyhqfy
Jvwzikc Zyhwd ghc
Kcmlhbbhilf Mlhbbbhilf
Bfww Joyb ghmfzfykh
Lkmz Flf}hzoy
Zo mkt Zo kcwzhll
Zo yfphky Zo mkt
Ihynhkc jfhl
8/6/2019 Indian English and US English
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W H W D K ‛ W ;
W H W D K ‛ W
Zyhcwpoyz Yflhzfj
Kcjkhc Hbfykghc
Zyhmmkg wknchl Zyhmmkg lkndz
Pfzyol pvbp Nhw wzhzkoc
Pfzyol Nhw
Jkfwfl Mvfl
Ph}fbfcz/Moozphzd Wkjf~hle
Qfiyh gyowwkcn Gyoww~hle
Zhef h lkmz Nfz h ykjf
Bozoyg{glf Bozoyikef
G{glf Ikef