India Surface to Surface Missiles
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BIRLA INSTITUTE OF TECHONOLOGYMESRA, RANCHI
(DEPARTMENT OF SPACE ENGINEERING AND ROCKETRY)
MISSILE AERODYNAMICS
ASSIGNMENT ON
INDIA SURFACE TO SURFACE MISSILES
SENTHIL KUMAR . R
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1780 ,the Battle of Guntur.
1801 , William Congreve
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Tipu’s missile - kushoons No control surfaces
Nose cone and a cylinder
Long sword is warhead
Second Anglo-Mysore war, at the Battle of Pollilur (10 September 1780), Battle of Srirangapattana in 1792.
We supplied the missile technology to the worldSenthilkumar.R
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Surface to surface Missiles
Prithvi Agni
Post Independence
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Prithvi - I
9 m
1.1 m
Short-Range ballistic missile.
(Range of 150-330 km )
Design started in 1983 and Tested in 1988.
Four Delta-shaped wings.
Weight = 4000 Kg. payload of 500 kg to 1,000 kg
Transporter-erector-launcher (TEL)
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Advantages
• Missile is capable of being manoeuvred up to 15 degree .
• Thrust termination Multiple payload , Multiple Range
• CEP of .01 % of its Range i.e., 10m<250m• For a nuclear, biological or chemical warhead
Prithvi - I
Disadvantages
• Missile volatile liquid fuel launch mode must be loaded immediately prior to launch.
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Prithvi Some 100-150 Prithvi SRBMs have been produced, but how many
have been issued is unclear.
During the 1999 Kargil confrontation, it has been alleged that 4 Prithvi SS-250 were fitted with nuclear warheads to guard against any Pakistani nuclear blackmail
Behind enemy lines
Prithvi Missile Systems are gradually being inducted into the IAF.
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Prithvi III Tested on On March 19, 2004 . tested on October 27, 2004 (underwater launch).
Range 250-330 Km
Payload of 500 -1000 Kg
Two stage, solid fuel, road-mobile
Sagarika and Prithvi-III are two different names for the same missile.
This medium-range missile can also be launched from a submerged submarine (Project K-15).
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Prithvi-I SS-150 Prithvi-II SS-250 Prithvi-III SS-350
Length (m) 9 8.56 8.56
Maximum Diameter (m) 1.1 1.1 1.0 20
Launch Weight
(Inc Payload) (Kg)
4,400 4,600 5,600
Propellant Liquid IRFNA and Xylidiene +
Triethylamine
Liquid IRFNA and Xylidiene +
Triethylamine
Solid HTPB/AP/Al
Number of engines 2 (gimbaled) 1
Case material Aluminum alloy Aluminum alloy Steel
Stage Fuel-Mass-Ratio 0.79 21 0.7922 0.76 23
Payload (Kg) 800-1,000 800-1,000 500-1,000
Warhead HE-unitary/ penetration/ sub-munitions, Incendiary, FAE
Guidance Strapped-INS, optionally augmented by GPS Terminal guidance: Radar scene correlation?
Range (Km) 150 250 350
Accuracy (CEP) 10-50m 75m 25m
Control system Gimbaled engines + aerodynamic control surfaces Flex nozzle and aerodynamic control
surfaces
Launch platform 8 x 8 Tatra Transporter Erector Launcher
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The Agni-TTB (Technology Test Bed)
Range of 1,500 km.
Payload of 1,000 kg.
Prithvi + the SLV-3 booster.
To develop re-entry and guidance technology.
Disadvantages
• Solid + Liquid propulsion configuration, unsuitable for an operational IRBM.
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The Agni-2 IRBM Tested on April 11, 1999
Range of some 3,000 km
A 1,000 kg payload
Global Positioning System (GPS)
Cleared for production.
12 Agni-II missiles per year.
Technical Aspects
Agni-II is a 2-stage missile; both the stages are solid fuelled.
PSLV’s booster stage with an Isp of 269 (vacum) and 237(sea level).
Second stage has 1-metre diameter, about 4.8 metre length.
The stage has flex nozzles for thrust vectoring for trajectory control.
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More advanced version of Agni-II
To adapt it to the newer and lighter nuclear payload that were proven by Pokharan-II .
Stronger 250-Marging steel, resulting in lighter booster stage case and greater fuel mass-fraction
Greater fuel mass-fraction .
Multi directional carbon re-entry nose tip and control surfaces
The Agni-2 AT
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Agni I• Single stage version of Agni-II
• Rapidly developed after the Kargil War when the need for an intermediate range missile
• Range gap between the Agni-II and the Prithvi (700-900 km ).
•Being road /rail mobile , the misile won’t prone to pre-emptive strikes
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• Lower cost of unit procurement, ancillary support, maintenance and deployment
•Simplicity of single stage rocket.
•More mobile.
•Stealth feature
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Agni-2A Stage1 Agni-2A Stage2 PBV/HAM RV
Gross_Mass (Kg)
Fuel_Mass (Kg)
Empty_Mass (Kg)
Motor Fuel-Mass-Ratio
1,0615
9,342
?
0.88
3,923
3,570
?
0.91
220
40-180
20-50
0.82
50
Thrust@Vacuum (Kgf)
Thrust@Sea_Level (Kgf)
(Burn Time) (sec)
51,251
46,390
(49)
27,227
-
(32)
50
-
-
N.A.
Specific-Impulse
Isp@Vacuum
Isp@Sea_Level
259 sec64
232 sec
276 sec65
220 sec
306 sec66
-
N.A.
Length
Diameter
10.3 m
1.0 m
4.8 m
1.0 m
2.3 m
0.815 m
2.2 m
0.8 m
ChamberPressure (bar)
Expansion Ratio
44.1
6.7:1
38.3
14.2:1
?
?
N.A.
Propellant
Chemical
Case material
Solid
HTPB/AP/Al
250 Marging steel
Solid
HTPB/AP/Al
Filament wound
composite material
Liquid
MMH/N2O4
Titanium
pressure tank
N.A
N.A
All Carbon composite
Number of Engines
(Number of Segments)
1
(3)
1
(1)
1
N.A
N.A
N.A
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The Agni-III
Range 3500 km.
Against the People’s Republic of China .
Manoeuvring Re-Entry Vehicle (To counter measures ABM )
Payload of 600 kg to 1,800 kg
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Surface to surface Missiles
Prithvi
SS-150 SS-250 SS-350
Agni
Agni-TTB (Technology
Test Bed)
Agni II (IRBM)
Agni-I (MRBM)
Agni-IIA Agni-III (IRBM)
At present, it can be assumed that India ’s land-based missile deterrent is
based around:
•Agni-II IRBM (3,500 km range, 200 kT warhead) – 18 to 36 missiles in
service.
•Agni-I MRBM (900 km range, 200 kT warhead) – 8 to 16 missiles in service.
•Prithvi-II SRBM (330 km range, 15 kT warhead) – 150 to 180 missile
produced (12 nuclear armed).
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References and Footnotes 1. Raj Chengappa, Weapons of Peace: The Secret Story of India's
Quest to be a Nuclear Power (New Delhi: Harper Collins Publishers India, 2000, ISBN 81-7223-332-0).
2. Defence Research & Development Organization (www.drdo.com)
3. DRDO periodicals "Technology Focus" bi-weekly (www.drdo.com/pub/techfocus/welcome3.htm)
4. Indian Defence Technology: Missile Systems (DRDO, Ministry of Defence, December 1998).
5. Nuclear Threat Initiative: Missile Chronology http://www.nti.org/e_research/profiles/india/missile/1931_2023.html
6. Nuclear Weapon Archive, 'India's Nuclear Weapons Program: Present Capabilities'http://nuclearweaponarchive.org/India/IndiaArsenal.html
7. www.bharat-rakshak.com
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