India-CERN Meeting in Mumbai (Visions for Future Collaborations) Steve Myers Director of...

India-CERN Meeting in Mumbai(Visions for Future Collaborations)

Steve MyersDirector of Accelerators and Technology

CERN

Indian Contributions to CERN

28th February 2011 India CERN Mumbai 2

In CERN we are sincerely grateful for these

substantial contributions

28th February 2011 3India CERN Mumbai

Total of 9 accelerators at CERN, 12 if you consider the 4 rings of the booster


p + C (interactions) , K (decay in flight)

700 m 100 m 1000m 67 m

CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso

Task for CERN: produce intense beam towards Gran Sasso


CERN to Gran Sasso : 732 km at depth up to 11.4 km


AD@CERN


Entering a New Era in Fundamental ScienceEntering a New Era in Fundamental ScienceStart-up of the Large Hadron Collider (Start-up of the Large Hadron Collider (LHCLHC) (one of the largest and truly global ) (one of the largest and truly global

scientific projects ever) is the most exciting turning point in particle physics.scientific projects ever) is the most exciting turning point in particle physics.

Exploration of a new energy frontier Exploration of a new energy frontier

LHC ring:LHC ring:27 km circumference27 km circumference

CMSCMS

ALICEALICE

LHCbLHCb

ATLASATLAS28th February 2011 9India CERN Mumbai

LHC: Some of the Technical Challenges

Circumference (km) 26.7 100-150m underground

Number of Dipoles 1232 Cable Nb-Ti, cold mass 37million kg

Length of Dipole (m) 14.3

Dipole Field Strength (Tesla) 8.4 Results from the high beam energy needed

Operating Temperature (K) 1.9 Superconducting magnets needed for the high magnetic field

Super-fluid helium

Current in dipole sc coils (A) 13000 Results from the high magnetic field

1ppm resolution

Beam Intensity (A) 0.5 2.2.10-6 loss causes quench

Beam Stored Energy (MJoules) 362 Results from high beam energy and high beam current

1MJ melts 2kg Cu

Magnet Stored Energy (MJoules)/octant

1100 Results from the high magnetic field

Sector Powering Circuit 8 1612 different electrical circuits


LHC: First collisions at 7 TeV on 30 March 2010LHC: First collisions at 7 TeV on 30 March 2010

CMSCMS

ALICEALICE

LHCbLHCb

11

First Two Running Periodscalculated

Maximum reached is 10.7x1030 cm-2s-128th February 2011 12India CERN Mumbai

Third Running Period

Performance Improvement by a factor of 200,000 in 7 months:


28/10/2010 (approaching 50pb-1)


Peak Luminosity

2010 Goal


Update neededGoal for 2010

Chamonix 2011


Chamonix Sessions1. Review of 2010 Operations2. Shutdown 2012 (Part 1) 3. Shutdown 2012 (Part 2) 4. Beam Energy5. High Intensity: Present and Future6. Machine Protection in 2011 and beyond 7. Running in 2011 – Luminosity8. High Luminosity (HL-LHC)9. LHC Injectors Upgrade (LIU)10. Summaries and Proposals for Decisions

1728th February 2011 India CERN Mumbai

" (Proposals for) Decisions " • Operation after 2011

– Impact of a delay in long shutdown (LS1) from 2012 to 2013. • RP (ALARA, ...), maintenance requirements, impact on future projects...

• Impact on the following long shutdown (LS2;2016)

• Performance in 2011– Maximum safe beam energy– Luminosity (Peak and Integrated) Baseline still 1fb-1!

• Bunch spacing (electron cloud, bunch instabilities, scrubbing..)• Intensity per bunch (Injectors, beam-beam effects, impedance and

instabilities…)• collimation, machine protection, UFOs,• beta*, crossing angles, ...• SEU ; radiation to electronics• ALICE and LHCb; how to operate at low luminosity


Proposal

• BUT study– Maintenance and repairs needs for such a long

running period (2009-2012)• Consider e.g. how CV/EL maintenance could be carried out

during the Christmas in 2011-2012– Make a new 10 year plan including all shutdowns and

technical stops (LMC + experiments)– Try to keep to a minimum the duration of the

shutdown in 2013• Critical review (in June 2011) of the need for including cryo-

collimation system in the LS1 shutdown or delay to LS2

Do physics in 2012!


The Return for the Risk associated with energy increase


(Probability) Maximum Safe EnergyProbability per Year of burning an interconnect

Remaining choice

Going to 4TeV, 50s implies a significant increase in the risk of burning an interconnect


(Impact) Maximum Safe Energy• Electrical arc in an interconnect:

– The present consolidation, up to 5 TeV, will suppress mechanical collateral damages in adjacent sub-sectors.

– Nevertheless, mechanical damage of the MLI in the concerned sub-sector as well as contamination of the beam pipe(s) could require heavy repair work.

– With the present consolidation status, a new incident will still have a big impact on the machine down time (8 to 12 months)

– PLUS severe damage to CERN’s reputation2228th February 2011 India CERN Mumbai

Safety Integration Level (SIL)

SIL PFD PFD (power)

1 0.1-0.01 10-1 - 10-2

2 0.01-0.001 10-2 - 10-3

3 0.001-0.0001 10-3 - 10-4

4 0.0001-0.00001 10-4 - 10-5

4TeV/50s

3.5TeV/50s

LHC safety systems are designed for SIL4 (Beam dump, access safety, ...

To achieve a given SIL, the device must meet targets for the maximum (allowable) probability of dangerous failure.......PFD (Probability of Failure on Demand) ........for different SILs as defined in IEC EN 61508 are as follows:

SIL2 is not acceptable. Return/Risk is not favourable 2328th February 2011 India CERN Mumbai

Proposal

Stay at 3.5TeV for 2011

Thermal amplifier to be developped during 2011 to allow measurements during Christmas shutdown for a deterministic decision on a possible energy increase for 2012.

We should operate in 2011 with the "snubber" capacitors to reduce further the possible number of quenches (SIL4)

Small performance benefit due to reduced need for luminosity calibration


Estimated Peak and Integrated Luminosity

days H.F Comm

with

Fills

with

kb Nb

e11

m

/IP L

Hz/cm2

Stored energy

MJ

L Int

fb-1

4 TeV

L Int

fb-1

3.5 TeV

160 0.3 150 ns 150 ns 368 1.2 2.5 0.006 ~5.2e32 ~30 ~2.1 ~1.9

135 0.2 75 ns 75 ns 936 1.2 2.5

2

1.8

0.006

0.007

0.008

~1.3e33

~1.6e33

~1.8e33

~75 ~3

~3.8

~4.2

~2.7

~3.3

~3.7

125 0.15 50 ns 50 ns 1404 1.2 2.5 0.006 ~2e33 ~110 ~3.2 ~2.8

* = 1.5m

• Baseline is 2E32 Peak and 1fb-1 (integrated) (expectation management)

• But following 2010, we are confident we will do better

Possible integrated Luminosity of 2-3 fb-12528th February 2011 India CERN Mumbai

“Old” 10 year technical Plan


New Draft 10 year plan

LHC Ion

Ion

Injectors

LHC

Injectors

J J A S O N D

X-M

as m

aint

enan

ce

S O N D J F M A MD J AM A M J J A S O ND J F J F M A M JM A M J J A S O NJ J A S O N D J FJ F

SPS upgrade

2016 2017 2018M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M

2019 2020 2021

X-M

as m

aint

enan

ce

X-M

as m

aint

enan

ce

N DM J J A S ON D J F M AM J J A S ON D J F M AM J J A S ON D J F M AM J J A S ON D J F M AA M J J A S ON D J F M AM J J A S O

20162010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015M J J A S ON D J F M

LS1Ion Ion Ion

? SPS - LINAC4 connection & ? PSB energy upgrade

IonLS2 Ion

Machine: Collimation & prepare for crab cavities & RF cryo system

ATLAS: nw pixel detect. - detect. for ultimate luminosity.

ALICE - Inner vertex system

CMS - New Pixel. New HCAL Photodetectors. Completion of FWD muons upgrade

LHCb - full trigger upgrade, new vertex detector etc.

Machine: Splice Consolidation & Collimation in IR3

ATLAS - Consolidation and new forward beam pipes

ALICE - detector completion

CMS - FWD muons upgrade + Consolidation & infrastrastructure

LHCb - consolidations

SPS - LINAC4 connection & PSB energy upgrade

Ion

Ion

Ion

LS3Ion

Machine - maintenance &

ATLAS - New inner detector

ALICE - Second vertex detector upgrade

CMS - New Tracker

X-m

as m

aint

enan

ce

?Cryo-collimation point


Luminosity Upgrade


Luminosity Upgrade Scenario– For LHC high luminosities, the luminosity lifetime becomes

comparable with the turn round time Low efficiency– Preliminary estimates show that the useful integrated

luminosity is greater with • a peak luminosity of 5x1034 cm-2 s-1 and a longer luminosity lifetime

(by luminosity levelling)• than with 1035 and a luminosity lifetime of a few hours

– Luminosity Levelling by• Beta*, crossing angle, crab cavities, and bunch length

Detector physicists have indicated that their detector upgrades are significantly influenced by the choice between peak luminosities of 5x1034 and 1035.

• Pile up events• Radiation effects


Hardware for the Upgrade• New high field insertion quadrupoles• Upgraded cryo system for IP1 and IP5• Upgrade of the intensity in the Injector Chain• Crab Cavities to take advantage of the small

beta*• Single Event Upsets

– SC links to allow power converters to be moved to surface

• Misc• Upgrade some correctors• Re-commissioning DS quads at higher gradient• Change of New Q5/Q4 (larger aperture), with new stronger

corrector orbit, displacements of few magnets• Larger aperture D2


First Thoughts on an Energy Upgrade


Preliminary HE-LHC - parameters

Very Long Term Objectives: Higher Energy LHC

Very prelim

inary with

large

error b

ars


HE-LHC – main issues and R&D

• high-field 20-T dipole magnets based on Nb3Sn, Nb3Al, and HTS

• high-gradient quadrupole magnets for arc and IR

• fast cycling SC magnets for 1-TeV injector

• emittance control in regime of strong SR damping and IBS

• cryogenic handling of SR heat load (first analysis; looks manageable)

• dynamic vacuum


Thank You for your attention


Help Needed for Splice Consolidation

• Opening and closing W (20 FTE’s)• Repair, reinstall and tack PIM’s (2)• Orbital machining of M sleeves and PIM’s (5)• Electrical interconnections (3)• TIG welding M sleeves and PIMs (9)• QC welding (4)• Special intervention team (9), for one-off unplanned or delicate

work steps• Other (5)


Identified and trained Identified but need training missing 58 64 57

ProposalWhile India may wish to take some of this effort, a

contribution at the level of the full missing staff (57) would be highly visible, highly useful for CERN and for the whole HEP community. It would identify India as a highly desireable partner, in preparation of its accession to CERN as an associate state.

CERN experience shows that the expertise of the Indian staff is excellent but we are unaware if the required number of qualified mechanics can be secured for the required period.


Proposal (2)Other proposals for new collaboration topics that could be

coupled• ENERGY extraction absorbers for LHC magnets.• Impedance calculations: for SPS and LHC components• Magnets for HL-LHC: supports, correctors (Nb3Sn?), analysis of magnet behavior, …• Contribution to the HiLumi design study in all aspects, together with US and Japan.• two new Linac4 proposals: alignment jigs and RF couplers.

There is, in addition a list of 13 items proposed by CLIC/CTF3 (fine mechanical and electronical parts, and instrumentation for active stabilization, warm magnets, vacuum chambers, beam dumps, accelerating structures and RF components).


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