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Index

Entries in and page numbers in bold typedenote Dictionary articles; letters in bold type refer to Bayle’s‘Remarks’.

Abigail, wife of Nabal, Abner, , , abominations, , , Absolom, , , , , ; and David’s

concubines, ; revolt of, absolutism, , Academie Francaise, Dictionary of, acatalepsy, ; see also,

Incomprehensibility; ScepticismAcataleptics, ; see also, Sceptics;

PyrrhoniansAchilles, Acts of Apostles, nAdam, and free will, –; descendants

of, Adam, Melchior, n, .Adonija, eldest son of David, –adultery, , , , , ; of

David, –; of Lumeau, thephysician, ; of Jupiter, –

advisers, Aelian, De natura animalium [On the

Characteristics of Animals], afflictions, afterlife, , ; see also, Soul,

immortality ofaggressors, n,

Agrippina, Akis, king of Geth, Alardus Amstelredamus, Alba, duke of, Albigensian heresy, Aldeberge (Berthe) of France, Alegambe, Philippe, Jesuit, nAlencon, duc d’, , , , algebra, , Amalekites, country of the, ambition, few able to renounce, Amelot, Jacques, his version of l’Histoire

du Concile de Trente cited, nAmelot de la Houssaie, Abraham

Nicolas, , and n, America(s), , cruelties of Spaniards

in, Amida, Japanese god, , Ammon, Amsterdam, Gazette of, , Amyot, Jacques, and nAnaxagoras, and nAnaximander, Ancients, , ; ideas on chaos, Andreas Philopatrus (Parsons, Robert),

and nangels, hypothesis of good and bad, ,

–

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Index

Angers, Anglican Church, Hobbes supported,

nAngouleme, Anselm, Saint nantiquities, science of, anxiety, xxiv–xxvi, , , , ;

Tacitus on, ; Pliny on, andn; and search for forbiddenpleasures,

Apollo, apologist, compared with critic, –Appian, nAppolodorus, nApuleius, nAquinas, Saint Thomas, , Archelaus, and narchitecture, Argos, , Arianism, ; see also Photinian heresyArians, , , Ariosto, Aristocles, and nAristotle, , , , , , ,

, , –, n, ;nurtured Machiavelli’s politics, and n; his Politics cited, and n;his Metaphysics, n.; Analytics, n; De caelo, n; Physics, n; Rhetoric, n; PosteriorAnalytics, n

Arminian sect, and free will, arms bearing, , , ; refusal to

take up, –Arnauld, Antoine, and n, n,

and n, n, n, nArnobius, and nArnoux, Canon de Reis, nArriaga, nassassination, xx; ; doctrine of, ;

and Mariana, –; and Sainctes,; see also, insurrection; tyranny

astronomy, atheism, xix; of the Epicureans, xxvi;

Bayle’s beliefs concerning, xxxix–xl;no accusation more seriouslyabused, ; writings of Sociniusagainst, –; defence of discussingit, ,

atheist(s), xix, –; ‘government ofatheists’ vs ‘government ofidolaters’, xxxiii–xxxiv; Bodin

depicted as, ; Hobbes wronglyconsidered as, ; de l’Hopitalmaligned as, ; Machiavellicounted among,

, Clarification on, –;good morals of those who had noreligion, ; decent conduct ofEpicureans, ; compared withidolaters, ; compared withpagans, ; theoretical vs practical,; see also atheism; atheist(s)

atoms, and the brain, ; independentmovement of,

atrocities, , , Aubigne, Theodore d’, n, ,

and n, and nAugsburg, Religious Peace of (),

xxvii, xliAugustine, Saint, xxvi, , , , –

, , , , , ; ridiculesthe sexual mythology of the pagans,–; his Letters cited n, n;his De civitate dei, –, n; Del’utilite de creance ; ContraPelagium, n

Augustus, court of, Austria, House of, and Henry IV’s plans,

authors, , ; duties of –; decent and

indecent,

Bacchus, Bacon, Francis, his Advancement of

Learning cited, nbad faith, Baillet, Adrien, his Vie de Descartes cited,

n, Balzac, Guez de, , , and n, Baptiste le Grain, see Le Grainbarbarities, , –, –; see also

D ; M ; XBarclay, William, and nBaronius, Cesar, Bartolini, Giuseppe Maria, Basle, Basnage de Beauval, Henri, n, ,

nBathsheba, wife of Uriah, Baudouin, [Francois, b. ?], ,

and nBayle, Jacob, xxiBayle, Jean, xx, xxi






Index

Bayle, Pierre, xi, xii; life, times, andideas, xx–xxiv; the political ideas heopposed, xxiv–xxxiv; the politicalideas he supported, xxxiv–xxxvii;Dictionary as vehicle of persuasion,xxi; his modern reputation, xxxii;praised republican liberty, xxxvi–xxxvii and n; commended politicalprudence and reforming erroneousnotions, xxxiv–xxxxi; paradox ofatheists and idolaters, xxiii–xxiv; hisvalues: xxxvii–xli; his Calvinism,how sincere? xxxviii; on types ofjudgement, xxxix; on spheres ofjudgement xxxix–xli; on applicationof judgement, xxxix–xli; his CritiqueGenerale sur l’histoire du Calvinismecited, xxxi, n; Nouvelles de laRepublique des lettres, xxii, and n, n; Pensees diverses, xxii, xxxiii,; Commentaire philosophique, xxii,, ; Dissertation . . . sur l’essencedu corps, xxii and n; NouvellesLettres sur l’Histoire du Calvinisme, n

Bearn, Beaucaire de Peguillon, Francois, n,

and nBellarmine, Cardinal, Benedict I, Pope, nBentham, Jeremy, xixBerlin, Isaiah, xiBernard, Jacques, , nBernier, Francois, Bernini, Giovanni-Lorenzo, Beuchot, Adrien Jean Quintin, xiii,

n, nBeza, Theodore de, n, , , ,

n, n, , and n, , n, ,

Bible, , Bibliotheque universelle, nBiron, Charles de Gontant, duc de, Blackburn, Richard, nBlandrata, George, Blois, Estates of, Blonski, Abraham, and nBlount, Thomas Pope, and n; his

Censura celebriorum auctorum[Criticism of Famous Authors]cited, n

Boccaccio, ,

Boccalini, Trajan, and n, , and n

B , xxvi, xxxvi; –; biography,–; disposed towards rights ofpeople, (I) –; opposed andweakness of monarchs (P) –;used rival doctrines to supportpeace and tranquility of states (Q)–; his concern for the publicgood, ; his De instituenda inrepublica juventuti cited, ; his Dela republique cited, , , and n, and n, n; Epistula ad VidumFabrum cited, , , ;Heptaplomeres noted,

Boeclerus, , Bohun, Edmund, n, nBoleyn, Anne, , Bongars, Jacques, and nbonzes of Japan, , , ; and

extirpation of Christianity, ; andpederasty, ; Possevin’s opinionof,

Borromeo, Cardinal, Bosius, Joannes Andreas, his On

Attaining Political Wisdom cited, n

Bossuet, Jacques Benigne, bishop ofMeaux,

Bouhours, Dominique, Jesuit, , nBoulay, see Du BoulayBourbon, Cardinal de, , Bourges, Brantome, Pierre de Bourdeilles,

seigneur de l’abbaye de, n, and n, ,

British Isles, Brun, Jean, Brunehaude, queen, Brussels, B , –; biography, –; used

dying words to decry virtue (C) –; not wholly wrong (D) –;whether act of assassinationappropriate for circumstances (F)–; his love of liberty, ;idealism, ; his opinion of Cicero,; his disillusion reproved, –;was praised by Machiavelli,

Burnet, Gilbert, bishop of Salisbury, n, and n






Index

Bussi Rabutin, comte de, and n, and n,

Buzneval, Paul Choart de, resented byElizabeth I,

Caesar, Julius, , , , , , ; hisDe bello civili, cited n

Calvin, Jean, xxviii, and n, and n,, , , and n, , and n, , ; advised LaeliusSocinus, ; compared withMelanchthon, ; his views on freewill and necessity, ; andpredestination,

Calvinism, not rigid in France, xxiii; itssuppression in France, xxx; itsofficial status in the UnitedProvinces, ; Socinian sectforsook it,

Calvinist Party, xxvii; whether moreloyal than the Catholic League,

Calvinists, xxix, xxxiii, , and n;de l’Hopital did not please them all,; judges were thought to favourthem, ; disputed about free will,; see also H , d l’;H ;

Cambridge, university of, Bodin’sRepublic read at,

Campanella, Thomas, his Republic of theSun cited,

Camphusius, Theodore, and the Sociniansect, and n

Camus, the worship of in Japan, ,; see also Fotoque

Capitol, at Rome, Capri, atrocities of, , ; see also,

M ; TiberiusCarrassa, Jean Pierre, Cartesians, xxii, xxxiii, , Carthage, , Cassius, , Castalion, Sebastian, Catherine de Medicis, , , ,

, , Catherine of Aragon, Catholic Church, libertines within it, Catholic League, xxviii, , , , ,

–, , , , , Catholic Party, , , , ,

and n,

Catholicism, xxi, xl, , , ; anddoctrine of damnation,

Catiline, Catullus, , , Cayet, Pierre, Victor, nCeres, n, certainty, as a philosophic position, ,

, ; adversaries of, Chanvalon, (Harlai, Achille de, Sieur de

Chanvalon), M. de, and nchaos, xxvi; in Metamorposes of Ovid,

, , , , , , ,, ; see also, O

Charles II of England, ; showedesteem for Hobbes,

Charles IX of France, , and n,, , ,

Charles V, emperor, Chartres, chastity, of ecclesiastics, ; and

obscenities , , –Chavalier, Pierre, nchildbirth, Juno’s responsibility for, ,

China, , Choisi, l’Abbe de, , his Histoire de la

vie de David cited, nChristendom, xxvi, xxviii, ; and

France, Christianity, n, , , , ;

peaceful in first three centuries,xxiii, ; bloody and murderous inthe sixteenth century, , in Japan,–; its extravagances concerningthe Virgin Mary, , ; its lawagainst suicide, ; and and killing, and n; and the Socinian sect,, ; the errors and passionswithin, ; and infidel nations,

Christians, , and n, , , ,, , , ; in Japan, ; inthe Americas, ; and doctrine ofpopular sovereignty,

Chronicles, Book of, nChurch, the, , ; the authority of, Cicero, xxiii, , n, n, n, and n,

n, and n, and n, n, n, , , , , , , and n, and n; on politiciansand helmsmen, and n; del’Hopital compared with him, and n; on being opinionated, ;






Index

on natural shame, ; De officiis[On Duties] cited, n, n; hisDe natura deorum [On the Nature ofthe Gods], n, n; hisEpistulae ad familiares [Letters to hisfriends], and n

circumspection, often better than zeal,

civil states, civil toleration, xxixcivil wars, , ; deplored by de

l’Hopital and by Cicero, Clasen, Daniel, his De religione politica

cited, Claude, Pastor, , Claudian, nclemency, Clement VIII, PopeClement, Jacques, assassin, ,, ,

, Clotilde, wife of Clovis, Cocceius, on the sect of the Socinians,

and n, n, nColigny, Amiral de, Colomies, n, n., his Rome

protestante cited, ncomets, Cartesian, common sense, xl, ; and obscenity,

and nComplutum, , concubines, Conde, prince de, , , confusions, in the natural world, ,

, , Conjecture, xx, xxiv, xxv; see also,

RefutationConrart, Valentin, Conringius, Hermanus, n, and

n, –, and nconscience, xxv; liberty of, ; respect

for, ; light of, ; Hobbes’sopinion on, ; theory of in Bayle’sCom.Phil., summarised, –; noprince should use sword against,–; unusual respect for byMarguerite of Navarre, ; erringconscience, rights of the, n;Jurieu’s Traite de la liberte deconscience, cited and n;oppression of, in United Provinces,, , ; protected in Polandbut revoked, –; whether war

may be waged for, ; instinctsofsometimes suppressed, , ;see also G I; M ;S ; N ; N ;S (Faustus)

conspiracies, , , Constantinople, patriarch of, , contingency, in human action, controversy(ies), death of, ; within

Christianity, conversions, to Christianity, and n,

, Copernicus, his cosmological system,

xxiv, , –, nCoste, Pierre, nCoton, Father, and n, , Council of Trent, , n, Counter-Reformation, Cracow, , , n, , Cranston, Maurice, xxiCrasset, Father (Abbe de T.), on Japan,

n, creation, theories of, xxv, xxxvii, ,

, , , critical research, –critics, role of, , cruelties, , , ; of David, –,

–; of Romans at Syracuse, ;of French at Macon, –

cuius regio, eius, religio, doctrine of, xxvii,xxxiv

Cujas, Jacques, Curtius, Quintus, ncustoms: Japanese, ; of Romans

concerning Juno and Jupiter, ; ofpeoples, kissing and dancingcompared, –

Dacier, translator of Plutarch, ndamnation, a belief common to Catholics

and Protestants, Damville, marechal de, cabal of, –,

Danaids, tortures of, dancing, , , –, and nDandelot, Francois de Coligny, D , –; biography, –; his

ambition for territory (D) –;conspiracies of his children (E) –; fragile allegiance of peoples (F)–; his faults (G) ; reproachesagainst his faults (H) – §§ –






Index

David (cont.) ; excluded his eldest son (M) –; deviousness of his politics, ; hiscruelties, –, –; his adulteriesand sensualities, –; his dancingno crime, ; his conquests and useof torture, ; his mass murders, ;his sacrifice of justice to utility, ;his personal piety, ; hismisfortune in his children

David, Francois, debate, rules of, Decalogue, decency, enemies of, deism, Dekherrus, J, his De scriptis adespostis. . .

[Conjectures about Anonymous,Pseudonymous or Falsely AttributedWritings] cited, n

deliberation, xxxviidemocratic government, ; Hobbes on

confusions and disorders of, ,–

democratic state, Bodin’s opinion on, Democritus, his enlightened conduct,

Descartes, Rene, xi, xxiv, ; his Discours

de la Methode and his Les passions del’ame cited, xxiv n; his Meditations,; his opinion of Hobbes’sLeviathan cited, –; on thesupposed baseness of humankind,; on suspension of judgement,, his critique of cosmology, ;his speculation on the formation ofthe world, , his Principes cited, n; Baillet’s Vie de Descartes, n

Deshoulieres, Madame, her ‘Idylls of theSheep’ cited, n

Desmaizeaux, Pierre, ndespotic prince, Destutt Tracy, see Tracydevil (or demon), , , and n,

Devonshire, William Cavendish, earl of,

, , Diagoras, example of a theoretical

atheist, Diana, Juno distinct from, Diecmannus, his De naturalismo [On

Naturalism] cited, n

Dio Cassius, on Caesar’s assassination, inhis Roman History, , –, n

Diogenes Laertius [Lives of thePhilosophers] cited, n, , and n, and n, n, and n

Dion, Dionysius Halicarnassus, and the myth

of Juno, disgrace, fear of, xxiii, diversity in religion, xviii, xxiii, xxvii, ,

; Hobbes’s excessive fear of, ;in antiquity, .

divine law, divine right, doctrine of, divinity, fear and love of, not sole basis

of human action, divorce, domain (royal land), , drinking and gaming, n, Du Boulay, Cesar, Tresors des antiquites

romaines cited, nduties of a chancellor, –; see also

H , de l’duties of sovereigns: in civil theory, –

, –, –; in religious theory,, –, –

Dyson, R. W. n

East and West, compared, Edict of Nantes (), xxi, xxvii, xxviii,

xxx, xxx–xxxi, xxxiv, , , edicts of toleration, xli; Edict of January

(), , , , n, , ,; Edict of Romorantin (),; revocation of, France andPoland compared, and n; seealso, S (F )

Edom, extermination of its malepopulation,

eldest son, prerogative of, Eleatic Sect, Elector Palatine, nelements of nature, , , , ,

E of England, –;

biography, –; fluctuatedbetweeen two religions (F) ;accused of ingratitude (H) –;and Revolution of (I) –;imprisonment and exile of Papists(L) –; few her equal, ; herglorious life, ; her erudition, and






Index

her dancing, , and n, ; seealso H ;S-A

Emeric, Father (later bishop of Vienna),

Empedocles, opinion about unity ofnature,

emperor, authority of, its study no threatto republican states,

enemies, one should not judge on theirtestimony,

England, , ; and Socinian sect, English Catholics, –, , English nation, its conversion from

paganism, ; Pope Gregory I, itsfirst bishop,

English Protestants, xxxii; English Revolution of , xxxvi, ,

–, , Enlightenment, xviii, xixEpicureans, xxxiv, , , Epicurus, xxxviii, ; his theory of

creation by chance, ; Lami’scritique of his adversaries, ; hisdecent morals, ; bonzes’doctrines go beyond Epicurus,

Erasmus, , , ; his In Ecclesiasten[On Ecclesiastes], cited, n;Loyola not fond of his writing,

Erastian State, xxxiverring conscience, see conscience.erroneous theories, error(s), xxxvi, , , , , , , ,

; humanity prone to, ;typographical errors,

erudite sceptics, xxxiierudition, no proof against bad conduct,

xxvEsprit, Jacques, , , , ; his

De la faussete des vertus humainescited and criticised, –

esprits forts, xxviiiEssex, earl of, Estate of ecclesiastics, in France, , ;

in Japan, Estate of nobility, in France, , Estates of the Realm, in France, , ,

, , ; in Holland, , and n; in Poland, ; Hotman onpower of Estates to elect king, ;see also Parlements; Third Estate

eternal law(s), ; of morality,

Ethelred, and nEtienne, Henri, his ‘Apology for

Herodotus’ cited on dancing, nEudaemon, Johannes, his Reponse a

l’Anti-Coton, nEuripides, on depravity, ; on the

nature of sin; ; his Hippolytuscited, n; on the good and badthings in life, ; on a womanill-married, and n

Europe, xiv, xxvi, xxxv, xxxix, xi, ,, , ,

Europeans, , Eurymedon, giant, Eusebius, Plutarch in, nevidence, xx, xxiv, xl, , , n, ,

n, , n, , .Evidence of the senses, Xenophanes’s

rejection of, evil, , , ; moral harm

distinguished from physical harm,–

exile, inconveniences of,

fact, errors of, faction(s) and the ruin of states, ; and

violent changes of emotion, – ;Plutarch on how to approach from asidewind, ; see also H ; deH , de l’

faith, xl, whether reducible to taste, ;faith vs sight, ; see alsojudgement

falsity, proof of, ; see also refutationsfavours, Ferdinand and Isobella of Spain, Ferdinand, emperor of Germany, Ferrand, Louis, nFerrare, Hippolyte d’Est, Cardinal de,

; Negotiations du cardinale deFerrare, cited n, and n, n; de l’Hopital’s rejoinder to, –

Ferrier, Arnauld, president, Feuerbach, Ludwig, xixFlorence, republic of, Florimond de Remond, , his Histoire

de l’heresie cited nfortifications, Fotoque, worship of, in Japan, , ;

see also Camus






Index

France, , , ; in the seventeenthcentury, xx–xxvi; intellectuals in,xxiv; political ideas in, xxvi–xxxvii;Ultramonanism in, xxvi, xxviii–ix;Gallicanism, in xxvi; the Huguenotparty in, xxvi–vii; politiques in,xxix–xxx; toleration in, xxvii; theThird Estate in, xxix; conduct ofpublic affairs in, ; its unluckypolicies concerning Elizabeth I, –, ; its desolation in the era ofreligious war, –, –;Hotman’s support of electedgovernment for, –; its lawsagainst heretics before era of del’Hopital, ; its Estates General,; murder of kings in, ; Jesuitsin, ; Sainte-Aldegone’s missionto, ; its treatment of itsReformed communities comparedwith treatment, in Poland, of theSocinians, , ; see also B ;H de l’; H ;M ; Estates of the Realm;parlements, Third Estate

Francesco de Medicis, grand-duke ofFlorence, ,

Francis I of France, Francis II of France, , , Francois de France, fraternity, followed the edicts of

toleration, ; bonds of, amongscholars,

fratricide, fraud, commercial, Frederick IV, Elector, Frederick the Great, and

Anti-Machiavelli, nfree will, n, , , , ,

Gabonites, Galileo, xxivGallican church, xxixGallicanism, xxi, xxix; political theory of,

xxixGarasse, Father, nGassendi, Pierre, philosophised with

Hobbes, Gassendists, on God as first mover, generation, see life, generation ofGeneva, , , ; Senate of, ;

Bible of, ; Servetus, condemned

at, , ; rites of, ; and thehymn De l’Escalade, ; anddancing, ; and Socinian sect,

Genoa, Gentillet, Innocent, , –Germany, , ; and Socinian sect,

, ; and Synergists, ; andGustavus Adolphus of Sweden,

Geth, king of, , Gherhard, his position on capital penalty

for heretics, God, xix, xxx; authority of monarchs

and, xxviii–xxx; , , ;human conduct and fear and loveof, xxxvii, ; Hobbes on thenature of, ; Monconys’s view of,; ; Jesuits and art of quibblingwith, ; evidence for, inRevelation, –; Nature, or God,as author of matter, , , ;whether first mover of matter, ;whether author of the world, –; whether Descartes’s theoryinjurious to, ;incomprehensibility of, ;goodness of vs other attributes, ;pagans, their notions of, ;gentiles, their notions of, ;whether author of sin, ;foreknowledge and free will, ;liberty of indifference of, ; in thesystem of Xenophanes, and n,, ; existence of, andprovidence of,

Goldast, Petrone de, good faith, essential in metaphysical

debate, good man, puts a friend before a crown,

good sense, xxiv, , praised by

Tacitus, ; Mariana, censured bymen of good sense, ; see alsocommon sense

Gospel, , , , , ; andmonks who preached it abroad,

Goussinville, his Œuvres de saint Gregoirecited, and n

government: of atheists vs idolaters,xxxiii–xxxiv; basic laws of, ;democratic, ; Hobbes onconfusions and disorders of, , –; perfect government, elusive in






Index

the real world, ; analogous totheorems of geometry, ; that theship of state should be steered froma sidewind, –; and the aims ofrepublics, –; must resistinjustice, –; must pursue goalswith determination, –; bypeoples, turbulent, ; must usesuitable and flexible means, –; by women, ; those whogovern states, duties of, –; seealso B ; H , de l’;M

governments and parlements: their needfor mediators, –; republic’svulnerability to their reciprocalabuse and neglect, –; and theexample of de l’Hopital, –; seealso B ; government; parlements

Greece and Rome, de l’Hopitalresembled the most eminent menof,

Greek and Latin languages, Greek philosophers, Greeks, compared with Scythians, –

and nG I , Pope, , ; –;

biography, –; and conversion ofthe English, (D) –; want ofprinciple in making conversions, (E)–; credulity when reportingmiracles, (R) –; his Dialoguescited, ; converted the French, ;saw little difference between infidelsand heretics, ; his lack of criticaljudgement,

Gregory of Tours, his Historia francorum[History of the Franks] cited asevidence of a priest who expectedno resurrection, and n

Gretserus, Jacques: defended Mariana,, n; his VespertilioHaeretico-politicus, cited n

grief, in the human condition, Grotius, Hugo, xxvi, , ; his De jure

belli et pacis cited, n,;Historia cited, n

Guicciadini, Francesco, xxvi; hiscynicism disapproved byMontaigne, and n

Guise, duc de, , ,

Guise, House of, xxviii, , , , ,,

Guise, Madame de, Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden,

Hamon, children of, Hannibal, happiness: whether the natural state of

humankind, ; and health, –;and temperament, ; amongpeasants and small artisans,

harm: morally considered, ; whetherhumankind intends it, ; see alsochaos; war; X

Hartnaccius, Daniel, nhearsay, Hebron, Hegel, G. W. F., xixhell, doctrine of, , , Henri d’Albret of Navarre, Henry III of France, , , , , ,

, , ; France wretchedduring reign of, ; murder of ,, , ; excommunication of,

Henry IV of France, xxvii, xxx, xxxiii,, ; , , , ;assassination of, , , , ;suspected of seeking to imposeReformation, ; his response tothe book De rege, ; and hisprudence, ,

Henry VIII of England, , Hercules, , , hereditary kingdoms: right of eldest in,

–; on exclusion from thesuccession,

hereditary monarchies, heresies, xxii and n, , ; rulers no

duty to extirpate, xxxv, ; del’Hopital on civil jurisdiction over, n; whether reason fordethronement of a prince, ;capital vs non-capital penalties for,; and the Socinian sect, , ,; some teach abominabledoctrines, ; see also heretics

heretics, , ; many to convert in theage of Pope Gregory I, ; del’Hopital’s policy on, ; Hotman’sdefence of, ; if sovereigns shouldpunish them, , ; Jurieu’s






Index

heretics (cont.)self–contradictions concerning, ,; Marguerite of Navarreprovided sanctuary for, ;Sainctes sought extermination of,, ; on death penalty for, ,; in France, Italy, Spain andLow Countries, ; ; see alsoheresies

Hesiod, Hesse, landegrave of, Hiero II, and n, Hilarion de Coste, his Eloges cited,

n, nHippolytus d’Est, see Lorraine, Cardinal

deHistoire des ouvrages des savants, n,

n, n, historians, , , , , –historical dictionaries, historical facts, , , historical Pyrrhonism, .historical refutation, historical research, ; rules concerning,

history: must be fair to all parties, ;

must face embarrassing facts, H , Thomas, xix, xxvi, xxix; –

; his biography –; his Logictranslated into French, n; on theconfusions of democraticgovernment (C) –; his De Civewritten in Paris (D) –;monarchies and democracies, theirequal disadvantages, ; his DeCorpore, ; on ‘unbridled freedomof conscience’, ; political science,his devotion to it, ; his Leviathan(F) –; his Oeuvres Philosophiques,; his opinions about God (M) –; his indifference to possessions, n; his fear of phantoms assessed(N) –; his disbelief in substancesdistinct from matter, ; a rejoinderto him made by Descartes, –

Holland, , , , –;persecution of sects by Estates of,–; and the prececistes, ;Socinian sect excluded from, ;see also Netherlands; UnitedProvinces

Homer, , ; his Iliad cited, n,

, n, ; Hymn to Apollocited, n

honour, that of God comes before that ofindividual,

Hoornbeek, Jean de, , n, l’H , Michel de, xxix, xxx, –

; biography –; stood firmlyagainst the Inquisition in France(D) –; presided over gains of theReformed religion, (E) –;witnessed the Roman religion’srecovery (F) –; was suspectedby Catholics (H) –; was falselyaccused ; brought down byenemies ; mediated betweenprince and parlements (K) –;his inculcation of tolerance, ; hisreluctance to sign every edict (L)–; on duties of a goodchancellor; –; his partiality forpeace (P) –; comparison withCicero, ; built school of politiquesto oppose League (S) –; debtof politiques to Machiavelli, –

Horace, , , n, n, n; hisOdes cited, n, n; Satirescited, n, n, n; Epistlescited, n; on contentment, n, n

H , Francois, –; biography–; wrote against persecutors(E) –; was not author ofVindiciae contra tyrannos (H) –;his own maxims turned against him(I) –; his Franco-Gallia, and n, ; his Matagonis deMatagonibus, n

Huet, Pierre Daniel, his ‘Demonstrationfrom the Gospels’ cited, and n

Huguenots, xviii, xxvi–vii, , , ,, , , , , , .;political ideas of the, xxix; resistancetheory of xxxi; loyalty to crown inseventeenth century, xxxi; theirbetrayal by Louis XIV, xxx–xxxi;suppression of their academies, xxx

human misconduct, xx, xxv; whether theStoics ignorant of its causes, ;and life’s good and bad things, ;see also happiness

human race: its errors throughout






Index

history, –; its natural disordersand contradictions, –

humanities, study of the, Hume, David, xixHushai, agent of devious politics , , Hypostatic Union, Socinian sect’s denial

of, hypothesis, , , n, ,

Iaco (Xaco), idealism, of Brutus, ideas, evidence for our, idolaters, and atheists, xxxiii, xxiv; see

also atheists, Clarification onidolatry, ; in Japanese society, ; in

human history, imagination, and obscenity ; and

chastity, ; rapidity of, imperial laws, on infidels and heretics, incomprehensibility, notion of , ;

and Xenophanes, –; dogma of,; see also acatalepcy; scepticism

indecencies, dancing compared withgaming and drinking, and n

Indies, missionionaries to the, indifference, liberty of, infidels, , Ingonde, wife of Saint Ermineigilde, innovation, party of, xxxvInquisition, xxii, , , , , ,

, –insurrection, doctrine of, ; see also

assassination; tyrannyintellectual freedom, Bayle’s advocacy of,

xxii, xxxiii, xxxvi; see alsoconscience; liberty

interest of state, intolerance, xix, , –Ish-boseth, , Israel, , Israelites, Italy, , , , , ;

persecution of Jews in, , ;persecution of Socinian sect in,–

James II of England, xxxiii, , Jansenists, xxiii, xxxiii, , , ,

J , –; history of –;

bonzes and the celibate life (A) –; violence of the Japanese (E) –

; Possevin on the decrees of theJapanese legislature (F) –; themonarchy, ; its expulsion ofChristians, ; its religious sects,; priests, ; inhabitants, ;Christianity in, ; and suicide,; see also suicide

Jefferson, Thomas, xixJeraboam, Jerome, Saint, Jerusalem, ,, , , ; Loyola’s

vision of, Jesse, Jesuits, xxix, xxxiii, , , , ,

, , –; and Loyola, ;made many enemies, ; in China,; revolutionary doctrines of,–; and Christian morals, –; in France, ; exposed to violentreproaches, –; body ofapproved Mariana’s De rege, ;and Jansenists, , ; see alsoL ; M

Jesus Christ, xx, , , , ; hasonly voluntary subjects,

Jesus, Society of, , and n; see alsoJesuits; L ; M

Jewish religion, Jewish synagogues, , Jews, , , –, , , –, ,

Joab, , John Casimir of Poland, Joly, Philippe Louis, nJonathan, , Josephus, his Antiquitatae judaicae

[Jewish Antiquities] cited, n; Joshua, Journal de Leipsic, n, citation of

Lami on theory of atoms, nJournal de Trevoux, nJournal des savans, , n, n,

n, n, n, nJudah, tribe of, judgement, –, , , ; Bayle

and types of, xxxix–xli; withholdingof, xxxix; and faith and reason, xl;of scholars, xxxix; of politicians,xxxix; of individuals, xl; spheres of,xxxix; rash, ; errors of, ; PopeGregory short on, ; Descartes on






Index

judgement (cont.)suspension of, ; St. John’sGospel cited on, and n

Julian III, Pope, Junius Brutus, (pseud.), Vindiciae contra

tyrannos, and n, ; see alsoH

J , sister and wife of Jupiter, –;myth and cult of, –; greatlyvenerated at Carthage (M) –;her disagreeable employments, (Z)–; and the theological system ofthe pagans (AA) –; Augustine’scritique discussed, –; hertorments of unsatisfied revenge(BB) –; her miraculousfragrance (DD) –; and Jupiter’sadulteries (EE) –; her beauty,; her oversight of marriages andchildbirth, ; her cruel fate, ;customs of Roman townsfolkconcerning her worship, ; seealso Virgin Mary; women

Jupiter, husband and brother of Juno,, , , ; and customs ofRoman women concerning, ; hisadulteries considered,, –

Jurieu, Pierre, xxxvi n; his quarrel withBayle, xxii; his ‘prophesying’, xxxiiand n; his lack of logic inAccomplissement de l’Apocalypse, n; his ridicule by an erudite Jesuit,; his self-contradictionsconcerning laws against heretics,–; his Tableau du Socinianismecited, n, n; his reply toNicole compared unfavourably withthat of Saurin, –; his Vraisysteme de l’eglise cited, n, n; his Defense de la doctrineuniverselle de l’eglise cited, n; hiscontrary turn of mind, conclusionsto be drawn from, – and n; hisDes droits des deux souverains cited, n; his Traite de la liberte deconscience, cited and n; hisabsence of principle concerningtolerance exposed, –; his Espritde M. Arnauld cited, n;confusion in is account of God’snature, n; his formal accusationsagainst Bayle’s Dictionnaire,

jurisprudence, and the public interest,; and obscenities,

Jus belli et pacis, David’s contraventionsof,

justice, xviii, xxxvii, xviii–xl, , , ,,

Justinian, on the Scythians, hisInstitutiones cited, n

Justinian, the younger, Juvenal, n, ; his Satires cited,

n

Kant, Immanuel, xi, xix, Kempis, Saint Thomas a, Keohane, Nannerl O., xxiv nkilling, Lactantius favoured Christian

prohibition against, and n; seealso ambition; arms: bearing; war

Kings, Book of, cited, , , and n, n, n

kings: easily dethroned, ; authority of,; sometimes considered asofficials of peoples, ; anddoctrine of dethronement forheresy, ; see also monarchs

La Mothe le Vayer, his Hexameronrustique cited, ; Discours surl’histoire, n; on age, health, andhappiness, and n

La Planche, Etienne de, Histoire deFrancois II, n

La Popelinere, Lancelot Voisin, Sieur de, n, on Gentillet,

Labrousse, Elisabeth, vii, xii, xix, xxi,xxii, xxiii, xxvi

Lactantius, his Divinae institutiones cited,,

Lami, Guillaume: criticised opponents ofthe hypotheses of Epicurus, ; histheory of atoms, ; his critique ofan aspect of Descartes, ; his Deprincipiis rarum cited, and n

Lamoignon, Guillaume de, president ofthe Parlement of Paris, n

Langenhert, Caspareo, his translation ofthe Prince,

Languet, Hubert, , n; his reportof a bon mot by de l’Hopital, ;Epistulae cited, n

Laon, Larrey, Issac de, his Histoire d’Angleterre

cited, n






Index

law, xxv, ; divine, ; of thestrongest, , ; eternal law, ;of nature, and visions in the brain,; of order and decency, ;against sects, ; martial law, ;see also natural law

Le Carla, xxiLe Grain, Jean Baptiste (also Baptiste le

Grain), , nLe Laboureur, l’Abbe, his De Castelnau

cited, nLe Tellier, Father, apologist for the

Jesuits, , nLeclerc, l’Abbe L.-J., Leers, Reinier, xxiilegislature, of Japan, ; see also JLeibniz, W.G., xxviLeickherus, his Vies des Jurisconsultes

cited, nLeiden, ; Faculty of Theology of, Leo X, Pope, Lescalopier, Father, observations on

Xenophanes andincomprehensibility, and n

Leti, Gregorio, his Histoire d’Elizabethcited, n, , and n

libertine(s), ; have long existed withinCatholic church, ; Monconyswrongly considered as, and n;and Pyrrhonism,

liberty and necessity, hypothesis of, ;in the thought of Melanchthon, ,

liberty of indifference, Bayle’s solutionconcerning, , ; see also freewill;

liberty, to assemble, ; to read history,; see also republican liberty

libido, and lewd dancing, Shoockiuscited on, and nn; see alsocustoms; S-A

lies, ; whether God is capable of, life, generation of, xix; system of Ovid,

– ⁄ ; system of Xenophanes,–

Lipsius, Justus, xxx, nLithuania, Livius Flaminius, ; Plutarch’s Life of,

cited, nLivy, Titus, , ; his precautions when

reporting prodigies, n; hisopinion that peoples are humble in

servitude and arrogant in command,–; his Ab urbe condita [TheHistory of Rome] cited, n, n

Locke, John, xxi, xxvi, his Latin letteron toleleration cited, and n

logic, abuse of, ; and morals, Lombards, Lorraine, Cardinal de, , Louis XI of France, Louis XII of France, , Louis XIV of France, xxii, xxxii, ,

; intellectual debate in the ageof, xxvi; objections by thepersecuted to theocracy andabsolutism of, xxx; his religiouspolicy compared unfavourably withthat of Ethelred, n

love of country, love, that pernicious art taught by Ovid,

Low Countries, , L , Ignatius, xxix; –;

biography, –; sought conversionof the Jews (I) –; accusationsagainst the Jesuits, how rebutted (R)–; doctrine of entailingrevolutions against sovereigns (S)–; morality of Jesuit casuistry(T) –; mental reservationsdiscussed, –; see also Jesuits

Lucan, and obscenity, his Pharsalia cited, n

Lucchesini, Father, critic of Machiavelli,

Lucian, nLucretius, his De rerum natura [On the

Nature of Things] cited, n, n; on obscenities,

Luke, Gospel of, cited, Luther, Martin, , , Lutherans, xxvii, and n, Lyon, ,

Macedonia, M , Niccolo, xix, and

politique realism in France, xxxii,–; biography, –; his workof politics, ; his Prince assessed(E) –; translated into French,; censured, ; and FrancisBacon n; his Belphegor, ; hisill-fortune, ; his concern for the






Index

Machiavelli, Niccolo (cont.)public good, ; on his doctrine ofnecessity in politics, ; his debt toothers, –; Anti-Machiavellidiscussed, and n; that thetolerance shown for him wascondemned,

M , –; history of, –;pillage of (A) ; atrocitiesperpretrated at (B) –; reasonsfor recording the details of the Warsof Religion (C) –; equal shamefor Christian France and the paganIsle of Capri (D) –

Macrobius, his Saturnalia cited, nMaestricht, Magirus, Tobias, his Eponymologium

cited, n, n, nmagistrates, , Mahometans, , Maimourg, Louis xxxi, and n, and

n, , ; on women as parties torevolutions in religion, –; hisHistoire du pontificat de saintGregoire-le-grand cited, n, n;Histoire du grand schisme d’Occident, n; De l’histoire des croisades, n;Histoire du Calvinisme, n andHistoire de l’Arianisme, n; hisaccount of the Socinian sect’sexpulsion from Poland, and n

Maimonides, Moses, : sought torefute Xenophanes, and n; his‘Guide to the Perplexed’ cited, n

Maine, duc de, Malcontents, the, Malherbe, Francois de, , n,man: his ignorance, ; his emotions, –

; usually represses his worstinclinations, ; ordinary ratherthan iniquitious, ; feels injuriesreceived more than those he inflicts,–; often does harm,

Manichaeans, ; persecuted byGregory I,

manifestos, that undermine government,

Marconities, not Christians, Marguerite, sister of Henry II, , M , Jean, –; biography

–; his book seditious (G) –

; his De rege et regis institutionescited, and n, and n; exposedJesuits to violent reproaches (H)–; his doctrine ofassassination, ; his criticsdiscussed,

Marie de Medicis, Coton’s Letter to, Mark Anthony, , , marriages, Juno’s responsibility for, ,

Martha, martial law, Martial, the Roman poet, , Marx, Karl, xixMary I of England, , nMary Stuart, queen of Scots, , Mascardi, n, nmass murder, that of king David, mass poisoning, whether as heinous as

heresy, Mass, , ‘of the Chancellor’, Massacre of Saint Barthomemew (),

Massacre of Vassy (), , mathematicians, ; fewer than historians,

mathematics, matter, , the parts of, ; if there

exist substances distinct from, Matthieu, Pierre, his Histoire de la paix

cited, nMazarin, Cardinal Jules, xxxmechanics: the laws of, , ;

principles of, ; see also Newtonmedallions, Medea, of Euripides, her violent

passions, , and nMedicis, count Lorenzo de, ;

favoured Faustus Socinius, .Medicis, family of, obtained employment

for Machiavelli, melancholy, and the human condition,

Melanchthon, –; his disagreement

with Luther and Calvin, ; hisfairness and moderation, ; hislove of accord, ; his resort tohypotheses in matters ofuncertainty; see also

Menage, Gilles, his Remarques sur La Viede P. Ayrault cited, n, and n, n, n, , n






Index

Mennonites, sect of the, Mephiboseth, , Mercure francais, nMersenne, Marin, philosophised with

Hobbes, Mezerai, Francois Eudes de, his Abrege

chronologique cited, , , , ,, n, and n, and n

Mezeriac, Mical, concubine of king David, , Michelangelo, Micraelius, Johann, his Syntagma cited,

nMill, J. S., xix, Milton, John, his views on tyrannicide

similar to Mariana’s, mind, , , , , , , ; and

impenetrable secrets, ; tyrannyover minds, –

Minerva, daughter of Juno, n, , n

minorities, protection of, xxxixmiracles, ; Pope Gregory’s credulity

concerning, –miraculous causes, ; see also

superstitionmissionaries, in Japan, ; and Francis

Xavier, ; their reports, Moabites, David’s torture and murder

of, mob, Faustus Socinus attacked by, moderation, that of Melancthon to be

emulated, Moderns, vs Ancients, , molecules, their modificaction, Moliere (pseud. for Jean-Baptiste

Poquelin): his Comedie du cocuimaginaire cited, and n; hisPrecieuses ridicules,

Molinists, and the doctrine of free will,

monarchs: authority of, , ; doctrinethat it is unlimited, –; doctrinethat it is restrained, –; asofficials of peoples, ; impossibleto dethrone them without force,; that from God vs that frompeoples, ; see also B ;H , de l’

monarchy, hereditary, ; in Japan, Monconys, Balthasar, wrongly accused of

libertinage, his Voyages de Monconyscited, and n

Monluc, Jean de, Montaigne, Michel de, xxiii, , ;

refused to attribute ill motives toevery deed in history, ; onpolitical doctrines as ‘migratorybirds’, ; his Essais cited, n

Montmorenci, Connetable de, n, moral theorists, , , morality, , , , , ; and moral

evil, ; see also natural moralitymorals, confused with logic by some

Jesuits, More, Thomas, his Utopia cited, Moreri, Louis, , , , , n,

n, nMoses, motion, laws of, Moulin, Pierre du, , nmutual toleration, vs venomous disputes,

mysteries, their enduring attraction, ;

views of the pagans concerning,

Nabal, , , nNathan, the prophet, natural law, xxxiii, ; see also lawnatural morality, ; see also moralitynatural passions, xxv n; see also

happiness; unhappiness; warnatural philosophy, xxiv, , and the

new philosophy, ; its notions ofgeneration and destruction,

natural reason, thinkers who consultonly,

nature: confused state of, ; her manyexamples of love, ; laws of, ;if nature is minister of God, ; orbecomes fertile through friction,

Naude, Gabriel, , ; his praise of del’Hopital; ; his Coups d’etat cited, n, n; on Machiavelli’sindebtedness to Tacitus; ; hisscepticism, ; his Addition a la viede Louis XI cited, n

N , Marguerite de Valois, Queenof, –; heroic magnanimity of,xxxiii; biography –; her stoicalvirtue, ; her Heptameron, ;her reading of the Bible, ;questions of concerning philosophy






Index

Navarre, Marguerite de Valois (cont.)(L) –; her views on the soul,–; her generosity to thepersecuted (P) –; her tales offiction not obscene,

Navarre, king Antoine of, , , ,

navigation, Nazianzus, Gregory, nnecessity; see liberty and necessity,

hypothesis of; politicsNemesis, obtains her recompense, Neo-stoicism, xxxiiiNero, emperor, his wickedness, Netherlands, xxxix, , , , ;

see also Holland; United ProvincesNevelet, Pierre de, Sieur de Dosches,

n, n, nnew opinions, embraced by Hotman,

; and by Marguerite of Navarre,,

New Testament, Mons version, and nNew World, xliNewton, Isaac, ; the most formidable

of Descartes’s critics, and nN , Pierre, –; xli;

biography, –; his Essais demorale, and n; his DelectusEpigrammatum, and n; and theRoman communion ; thesubtleties of his rhetoric, ; hisleaning towards Pyrrhonism, (C)–; and sceptics in religion, ;his Les Pretendues reformes cited, n; L’Art de penser, and n, and n

Nieremberg, Jean Eusebe de, ninepins, and poetry, , Noah, and moral good, Nobility, Estate of the, ; order of, Nouveaux convertis, xxix, xxxivNouvelles de la republique des lettres, ,

and n, n, n; n, n

O , Clarification on, –;–; none in the Dictionary ofthe sort that can be censured, ;nine definitions identified, –;censors of, ; and the theatre,; the public’s judgement on, ;physicians and , ; confessors

and, ; advocates and, ;Catullus, Lucretius, Juvenal andSuetonius cited, ; and novels,; and Abelard, ; euphemisms,; morals and the ‘newpoliteness’, –; and chastity,; and imagination, ; andnudity, –, and the young, –; women’s judgement on, ,–, ; common sense on, ;the Cynics and the Stoics cited on,, –

official religion, institution of the, xxviOld Testament, Olivaire, Chancellor, Cardinal de

Lorraine, Olympia, the games at, Olympus, Mount, and nopportunism, of the House of David, Orange, France, the sacking of, Orange, Prince of, nOrleans, duc d’, , Orleans, Louis d’, Orleans, region of, , , Ottoman Empire, Ottomans, , O N , Publius, –; xxvi;

and n, ; his biography, –;ideas of Ancients espoused by Ovidexamined (G) –; errors ofOvid identified, –, § notionthat chaos not homogenous frometernity absurd, –, § attackon eternity continued, –, § his resort to God without pressingneed, –, § whether chaoshas ended, –; whether disordersof human race ceased with creation(H) –; his Fasti cited: andn; his Metamorphoses cited, n,, , and n, n,

Paets, Adriaan Van, his letter ontoleration, HVP ad B**** cited,– and nn

pagan(s), , n, ; on an afterlife,; on a previous life, ;Augustine on, ; their sexualtheology ridiculed, ; made godsresponsible for passions, ; andtheir mysteries, ; and the divinenature, ; their religious systems,






Index

; compared with atheists, ;Mariana’s sytem applicable to, .

Paine, Thomas, xixPaleologue, Jacques, and Faustus

Socinus, Palestine, , pamphlets, , ; of English Catholics,

Pamplona, Panzirolus (Ponciroli), his ‘Famous Legal

Commentators’ cited, and n

Paolo, Fra (Sarpi), History of Council ofTrent (Amelot’s version) cited,

Papin, Isaac, his Tolerance des Protestantscited, and n

Papists, , , , , , paradoxes, which reason exposes, Paris, city of, , , , ;

Huguenots and , Faculty of Lawof, ; Parlement of , , ;and Mariana , , ; andSainctes,

Paris, judgement of, and Juno’shumiliation,

parlements of France, Parlement of Paris,, , , and n, , and del’Hopital, ; and Coton, ;Parlement of Bordeaux, ;Parlement of Dijon, ; Parlementof Normandy, ; abuse byparlements of their right to rejectedicts, and n; see alsogovernments; government andparlements

Parmenides, and the doctrine ofincomprehensibility, ,

Parsons, Robert, see Andreas PhilopatrusParthians, and nPascal, Blaise, ; his Lettres

provinciales, cited n, , Pasquier, Etienne: his Lettres cited, n,

n, n, n, n, and n, n; on the profession of Jesuitand marriage, .

passions, of humankind, xxv and n, ;of hatred, xxv; Marguerite ofNavarre free from, and n; andreason; , , ; control over,; those who can rule themdetested by others,

Paul III, Pope, approved of the Jesuits,,

Paul IV, Pope, sought conversion of theJews,

Paul V, Pope, Paul, Saint, Letter to the Romans,

and n, and n; Epistles, Peace of Ales, xxxipeace, time of, vs time of war, pederasty, , Pellison, Paul, his Reflexions cited, peoples: should consent to taxation, ;

whether they may depose a king, ;or elect a king, , ; whetherLivy’s accusation concerningpeoples was right, –, n;should not be too directly opposed,; turmoil of government by,

peoples, the sovereign authority of, –; Brutus and Cassius on, –;English Protestants on, ; Hotmanon, , Jesuits on –; andChristians, , n; and theDutch,; Mariana on, –;Catholics on, n; and Milton,; critics of the doctrine of, –

perfect government: elusive in the realworld , ; analogous to theorems ofgeometry,

perfection, , , ; in romanticnovels, n

Pericles, nPeripatetics: on nature, ; on God as

first cause, ; their physics, ;opposed by Lami,

persecution, of the Jews, –, ; ofthe first Reformers, ; of theSocinian sect, ; see alsoHuguenots; Jews; Reformedreligion; Socinian sect

Persius, Satires, nPetronious, , , Phaedrus, Fabulae [Fables], nPharoah, Phedra, in Euripides, Philip of Spain, and n, , , Philistines, Philopatrus, Andreas (Robert Parsons),

his Responsum ad edictum reginae






Index

Philopatrus, Andreas (cont.)angliae [Response to the Edict ofthe Queen of England], and n

philosophers, xix, ; and judgement,–; and human passions, –;in China,

philosopher–theologian, , philosophic reason, and Socinian

doctrines, philosophical sin, and the Jesuits, Phocas, emperor, Photinian heresy, , ; see also

Arianismphysician, religion of the, Pibrac, (Guy de Faur), seigneur de, ,

, n, and nPin, Loujis-Ellies du, , and nPirot, Father, his Apologie des casuists,

cited and nPius IV, Pope, n , Placette, Jean de la, his critique of

Nicole, his De insanibili . . . [Absurdscepticism of the Roman Church]cited, n

Plato, , his Republic, , ; on Godand creation, ; on praise ofpublic poetry, ; his Sophists citedon doctrines of Xenophanes, n, and n

pleasures, and anxieties; , ;forbidden pleasures, ; see alsohappiness; X

Pliny, , and n; his NaturalHistory cited, and n

plural society, xx, xxxixpluralism, xxxixPlutarch, , n, and n; his Life

of Brutus cited, n; his Life ofPhocion, n; Life of Romulus, n;De superstit. [Moralia], n, n;De vitioso, n; on theunreliability of reason and senseevidence, and n, ,

Pocock, John, xxxiii nPoissy, Colloque de, , Poland, ; and Socinian sect, –,

–; Diets of, ; Estates of,.

Poland, king of, ; and FaustusSocinus, ,

political ideas in France, xxvi–xxxvii;those which Bayle opposed , xxvi–

xxxiv; those which he supported,xxxiv–xxxvii

political science, and Hobbes, ; andMachiavelli,

political systems, none withoutinconveniences,

politics, as the art public prudence, xxvn; may eclipse other virtues, ;must set itself above morality, ;its analysis in Machiavelli’s Prince,–; its maxims taught byAristotle and Tacitus, , ; notoptional for rulers but an absolutenecessity, ; how used by Sainte-Aldegone against the Spanishtyranny, –

politiques and politicians, xxvii, xxx;Bayle as heir to, xxiii; their politicaltheory in France, xxix–xxx, , ;their objections to tyrannide forreligious causes, ; their axiom ofconquest misapplied to the marriedstate, ; erroneous beliefs of someconcerning the public religion, ;some invoke pretext of ‘necessity’ tofurther factional advantage, , –, –, –,

Polybius, npolygamy, –Pompey, , , Ponciroli see PanzirolusPope Blount, see BlountPopery, Popkin, Richard H., xi, xix n, xx n, xxiv

n, xxxviii nPopper, Karl, xi, xx and n; see also

refutatationspopular sovereignty, , popular vote, Possevin, Father, , n, n, ;

on Japan’s decrees, ; judges toohastily the customs of the Japanese,; his condemnation of the Prince,

praise, love of, xxiii, precisistes, scruples of the , ; vs

rigoristes, predestination, , , prejudices, of education, , ; of

readers of history, Priapus, pride, and the Evangelist, –






Index

princes, professions, civil, xxviiP for a Critical Dictionary, –;

whether the Dictionary will identifytrivial faults, –; or engage inuseless discussions, –; thatendeavour in science and criticalhistory is supported by the samehumanist argument, –

Prometheus, ; Juno compared with,

prophet(s) propositions, true vs false, Proserpine, Protestant Europe, xxx, Protestant Religion, why Elizabeth I

opted for it, , ; its communionand the punishment of heresy, ;its theology and resistance toprinces, ; agrees with Catholicreligion on doctrine of damnation,; see also Protestants

Protestants, , and n; Bodin’sleniency towards their subversivewritings, ; in England, lacked inconfidence in James II, , –;their histories of wars of religiondiffer from those of the Catholics,; were treated more severely byde l’Hopital than he would havewished, ; sought free exercise oftheir religion, ; advantaged inregion of Orleans, ; whysupported by de l’Hopital, ;their case for a call to arms takenover by the Catholics, , ;their houses pillaged at Macon, ;Bayle’s warning to their ‘turbulenttheologians’, – and n; areamong authors accused of obscenity,, ; see also B ;E ; H , de l’;H ; M ; ProtestantReligion; Reformed (Calvinist)Religion

Provence, treatment of Jews in, Prudentius, nPrzipcovius, his Life of Faustus Socinus

cited, Psalms of David, their translation from

Hebrew into Flemish, psychology, xxiv

Ptolemy, his cosmological system, , and n; see also S

public good, , , and Machiavelli, public cause, vs private glory, public interest, public order, , , –Puccius, Francois, punishment: of tyrants, –; of heretics,

; fear of, Puylaurens, xxiPyrrho, xx nPyrrhonian(s), ; see also Acataleptics;

ScepticsPyrrhonism, , xx, xxxvi, ; high

road to, ; and Nicole –;and Socinian teaching, ; see alsoincomprehensibility; scepticism.

Pythagoras, Ovid did not borrow hisideas, n

Quietists, and Nicole, Quinant, poet and librettist, Quintilian, and n, n; on obscene

utterances, his Institutia oratoriacited, n

Quintus Curtius, see Curtius

Rabba, David’s torture and killing of thepeople there,

Racan, Honorat de Bueil, marquis de,

Racovia, Ragozski, prince of Transylvania, raison d’etat, xix, xxv n, xxxii, , rash judgement, xxxvi, Ravaillac, assassin of Henry IV, , ,

, Rawls, John, xxxiii nRaynaldus, Oderic, , Raynaud, Theophile, n, n, nreason, , , , , reason, light of, , , reasons of state, , , reasoning, how exactness in is acquired,

rectitude, general ideas of, Reformation, xxiii, xxviii, xxix, , ,

Reformed Church, , , Reformed (Calvinist) Religion, Bodin

initially a member of it, ; aimed,under de l’Hopital, at full toleration,






Index

Reformed (Calvinist) Religion (cont.); its growth in numbers in reignof Charles IX, –; de l’Hopitalsupported it without being amember, ; measures against it,; and Jesuits, ; severepersecution of it, ; its dominancefeared by Catholics, ; Nicole’swriting against it, ; excessiveintolerance of it by Sainctes, ;Sainte-Aldegonde’s zealous supportfor in the Dutch republic, ; itsdisputes on dancing, –;minorities of France and Polandcompared, ; see also B ;H , de l’; H ;M ; S ; (Faustus); Socinian sect

Reformers, , , , n, refutations, xx, n; historical, ; their

place in critical research, –;Conjectures and Refutations (by KarlPopper) cited, xx n; see alsoconjecture

Regius, Etienne, his work La Philosophiecited, n

Regnier, Mathurin, regnum, and sacerdotium, xxviiireligion, xviii, xxvi, , , Renaissance, xxiii, .reply and rejoinder, praised, reprisals, literary, republic of letters, xxxix, , ; rights

in the, , republican liberty: love of, by Brutus, ;

by Machiavelli, ; bySainte-Aldegonde, ; can bestudied in monarchical andrepublican states, ,

republicanism: of the politiques, xxxiii; itsdebt to Machiavelli, –, –

republics, xxxii, xxxiii, , , ;compared with monarchies, ; inantiquity, ; on government of,Plutarch’s Life of Phocion cited, – and n; of Florence, ,Sainte-Aldegonde’s services to theDutch republic, –; see alsorepublicanism

restitution, Retat, Pierre, xix nrevelation, light of, , , ,

revenge, hard to renounce, , Revocation of Edict of Nantes, xxx, xxx–

xxxi, xxxiii, and nrevolution, distinguished, by Bodin, from

rebellion, reward, love of, Ribadeneira, Pierre, Jesuit, his Life of

Ignatius Loyola cited, nRichelet, Pierre, nRichelieu, Cardinal de, xxxRicheome, Louis, Jesuit, his Anti-Coton

cited, , and nRiley, Patrick, xiRohault, Jacques, his work La Physique

cited, nRoman Empire, , Roman law, Hotman’s erudition in, Roman Religion (also, Roman Church,

Roman Communion), , , ,, , ,

Roman Senate, Romans (or Roman people), , , ,

; their liberty, ; their salaciousconduct,

romantic fiction, , , Rome: foundation of, , burdened with

size and power, ; Brutus and, –; court of, ; Gregory I and, ,; de l’Hopital and, , , ;cult of Juno at, , , ;Communion of, , , .

Romulus, and nRondel, Jacques du, Ronsard, Pierre de, his Ode cited,

and nRotterdam, Ecole Illustre at, xxi–xxii;

Huguenot Church in, xxxiv, , Rousseau, Jean Jacques, xixRoussel, Michel, his Anti-Mariana, cited,

nRussell, Bertrand, xl nRymer, n

Sable, Madame de, nsacerdotium, and regnum, xxviiiSadducees, and the mortality of the soul,

S , Claude de, –; biography

–; supposed Henry III rightlyassassinated (D) ; contradictedhimself on the principle of loyalty(E) –; deplored toleration of






Index

heretics in France (F); toleration asa cogent principle discussed, –;see also intolerance; tolerance;toleration

Saint Gregory; see G IS-A , Philippe de

Marnix –; biography –;advantages he brought to the newrepublic (H) –; his translationof the Psalms of David, ;embarrassment concerning thepersecution of sects (L) –; hisAntidote, and n; his Reponseapologetique n; his love ofdancing (M) –.

Sainte-Marthe, Denys de, his Histoire desaint Gregoire criticised, , andn, and n

Saint-Evremond, and n, , and n

Saint-Germain-en-Laye, , , Saint-Point, governor of Macon, ,

; see also M Sallust, his Bellum Catilinae n, and

on obscenities, Salmon, J. H. M., xxxi nSalus populi suprema lex esto, and

Elizabeth I, , Samos, Samosatenian theology, and the Socinian

sect, Samuel, Book of, cited – nnSandberg, Carl, xxxviii and nSardinia, methods of converting Jews in,

Satan, xixSaturn, Saul, , , , , ; court of ; sons

and grandsons of Saurin, Elie, and n, and n, ,

, and n, and n, andn; his critique of an aspect ofBayle’s Com. Phil. answered, –

Savoy, Scaliger, Joseph Juste, ,scepticism, xviii, xxxix, , Sceptics, ; see also Acataleptics; and

Pyrrhonian(s)schism, Scholastics, xxiv, n; , their theory

of dense bodies, –Schoockius, Martinus, and n n

sciences, xxiv, ,,, Scripture(s), their promise of blessings to

come, ; how they depict David,; can be silent on some matters,; cited often as historicalevidence, , ; any individual mayinterpret them, ; some, who drawon them, abused by small minds,; Hotman accused of corruptingit, ; its teachings when tooharsh, not taken literally, ;Mariana’s scholias upon them, ;were studied by Marguerite ofNavarre, ; Nicole’s method fortheir interpretation criticised, ,; their translation bySainte-Aldegonde into Flemish, ;their scrutiny by the Socinian sect,; their divine authorityquestioned, ; many offended bytheir teachings on hell, ; see alsoD ; M ; S(Marianus); S (Faustus)

Scuderi, Madeleine, mademoiselle de, n

sculpture, Scythians, simplicity of, –;

Justinian’s Institutiones, cited, nSeckendorf, Guy Louis de: and doctrine

of Mariana, his Historia Lutheranacited, –, n

sects, in Japan, ; in Poland, ;opinion of a few not always that ofsect as a whole, ; diversity of,xx; their proliferation embarassedsome Protestants, and n; thecase of Jurieu, ; the case ofSainte-Aldegonde, –; see alsodiversity in religion; H

Sedan, Huguenot academy of xxi, Semei, unjustly treated by David, , Seneca, his Thyestes cited, nsenses, evidence of the, and nsensualities, of David, Servetus, , torture and death of, Servin, Advocate General, sex, xix; in Japan, Sextus Empiricus, n, n,

and nsexual morals, and David’s other failings,

, – §§ –






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Sicily, , ; methods of convertingJews in,

sickness, and health, , Sienna, , Sigismund Augustus of Poland, , Silius Italicus, , ; his Punic Wars

cited, Simler, Josias, and Hotman’s

Franco-Gallia, nSimon, Richard, his Dictionnaire du Bible

cited, sin, ; whether God author of, –;

pagan doctrine of antecedent sin,

Sisyphys, misery of, Juno’s comparedwith,

Sixtus, Pope, Skinner, Quentin, xi, xxvii, xxi n,

xxxiii nSlichtingius, Jonas, his Confessio

Christiana cited, societies, n, how preserved, Socinian sect, history of, –; Laelius

their first author, –; itsBibliotheca Antitrinitaria cited, and n; its founders’ torture anddeath in Italy, , ; itstheological doctrines: onPhotinianism, , on Revelation,, on denial of Trinity, , onlife of the soul, ; decrees passedagainst in Poland, –; itspractical doctrines: on arms bearing,, on non-resistance topersecution, –, on publicoffice-holding, –, –;reason, its first principle, , ;psychological critique of itsteachings, –, –, ;judged unworthy of tolerance inHolland, –; its doctrinescompared with those of theAcataleptics (sceptics), and n;see also S (Marianus);S (Faustus);X

S (Faustus), –; biography–; Socinian sect and Poland (A)–; his De Jesu Christo servitore,; his writing against atheism,; his repudiation of seditiouspreaching (C) –; his

commitment to non-violence, – and nn; his distress over loss ofmanuscripts (F) ; assaulted bymob, ; why princes view pacifistdoctrines unfavourably (G) –;sects that renounce arms bearing(H) –; reason’s weak pointsdiscussed (I) –; Socinian sectexcluded from United Provinces (K)–; hostile decree of (L)–

Socinus, Laelius, uncle of Faustus, – and nn; n, ; his De tribusElohim [The three Gods] cited, n

S (Marianus), –; biographyof Marianus (b.); biography ofMarianus (b.); biography ofLaelius, son of Marianus, (B) –; see also Socinus, Laelius

Socrates, sodomy, Solier, Francois, ; his Histoire

ecclesiastique du Japon cited, ,amended n

Solomon, king, , , , , ; andking of Tyre, and n

Sorbiere, his translation of Hobbes’s DeCive,

Sorbonne, , , and accusationsagainst Reformers,

Sotion, , , Sotuel, Natanael, n, nsoul, immortality of, and n, –,

, , –, , , , –, ,

sovereigns, xxix, , n, , andn; ; how to judge them, ;rebellion considered the worstcrime, ; if they can rule withoutsin ; see also duties of sovereigns;monarchs

sovereignty, can be removed violently, Spain, , , , ; and the

Japanese, ; and the Jews, ; seealso Spaniards

Spanheim, Ezechiel de, his erudition, nSpaniards, cruel maxims of, ; see also

SpainSpinoza, Baruch, , , ; the

Japanese religion taught similarideas, ; example of a theoretical






Index

atheist, ; see also Diagoras;Vanini

Spinozism, and Xenophanes, Sponde, Henry de, n, and nstatecraft [la politique], xxxiii, ;

compared with strict justice, ;considered as public prudence, ;motivated sometimes by cupidity,; a bishop’s conversion to themaxims of,

states, can be monarchical andnon-monarchical, ; duties ofthose who govern them, –; seealso government

Stoics, xxiii, xxxiii, , , , ;their critique by Esprit,

Strabo, Strafford, Thomas, Strasbourg, Strigelius, Victor, and the movement of

the Sygergists, succession, and birthright, Suetonius, , ; his Life of Tiberius

cited, –suicide, , , n, superstitions, xxxix; opposed by Hobbes,

; see also miracles; miraculouscauses

Sweden, the king of, and the Sociniansect,

Switzerland, symmetry, vs chaos in nature, S , –; movement’s

history –; Melanchthon onLuther and Calvin (A) –;harmonised free will and grace, ;persecuted by faction of Illyricus,; error and honest motives (B)–; critique of Saurin’s rejoinderto Com. Phil., (C) –; Ptolemy,Copernicus, and Tycho Brahe, theirsystems cited in support ofcoexistence oftheories, – and n

Syracuse, people of, and Heiro II; andRomans,

Syria,

Tacitus, ; his Annals cited n, n, n; his praise of good sense, ;how far Machiavelli indebted to,

, ; his opinion on anxiety andjoy,

Talavera, Tamar, rape and murder of, Tantalus, Tartars (and Turks), taste, if opinion can be reduced to, ,

, temperament, ; and happiness, Tertullian: his objections to penal laws

for heresy, ; his Apologetic cited, and n

Theodore, bishop of Marseille, theologians, theology, xxiv, Third Estate, xxiii, xxix, , , , ;

of the realm, ; its resolution of on the authority of kings, and n

Thirty Years War, Thou, Jacques Auguste de, his Histoire

universelle depuis – cited, n, n, , nn, –; n; and n, and n, n, n, and n; his error about Bodincorrected, – and nn

Thucydides, his History translated byHobbes, ; cited, n

Tiberius, emperor: his need for flattery,, his infamy, –

Tigris and Euphrates, Timoleon, Timon, Sextus Empiricus on, Toledo, diocese of, , , , tolerance, xviii, xix, , , n,

and n, inculcated by de l’Hopital,; ordinarily denied to heretics,; not a monstrous doctrine, –; that of the Queen of Navarreextolled, ; modern argumentsfor, –; writings of Basnage,Benoist, Van Paets, Locke, Jurieu,and Bayle, commended, n, n, n; Socinian sectthoughtunworthy of it by the Estates of theUnited Provinces,

toleration, and the Edict of Nantes(–), xx, xxiv, xxxiii; theEdict’s revocation by Louis XIV,xxii; edicts of toleration of thesixteenth century, ; the earlyReformers had envisaged a full






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toleration (cont.)toleration ; arguments for the truechurch identical with those for thefalse church, ; mutual toleration,

torture, , , Tossa of Japan, Touchard, Jean, xxxvi nToulouse, xxi, xxiv, , nTracy, Antoine Destutt de, his Elements

d’ideologie and translation ofHobbes’s Logic cited, n

tradition, the party of, xxxvTrajan, emperor, and nTransylvania, and Socinian sect, ,

, , Trinity, doctrine of, , , , ,

truth persecuted, injuries of, truth, in the philosophy of Xenophanes,

, Tuck, Richard, xi, xxiv n, xxxiiiTundes (bishops), of Japan, Turks and Tartars, Turnebus, Adrianus, on perfume and the

divine nature, ; his Adversaria[Journal], cited, n

Turretin, Francois, his Pyrrhonismuspontificius . . . [Pontifical Pyrrhonism. . .] cited, n

Tycho Brahe, –, n; see alsoS

tyranny, xix, xxxiv, , , , , ;can be replaced by another that isworse, ; teaching of Aristotle on,; that of Spain in the UnitedProvinces, –; over minds –; see also assassination; insurrection;M

tyrants, , ; ; authors who turnkings into tyrants, ; Machiavelli’sdefence of liberty against, ;ancient and modern tyrantscompared, ; whether tyrant maybe overthrown, ; Mariana’sdefence of rising against, –; hissystem and its critics examined,–, –; all tyrants and allnations included in his system, ;see also H ; M ;Vindiciae contra tyrannos

Ultramontane ecclesiastics, xxiiiUltramontanism, political doctrine of,

xxvi, xxviii–xxixunbelievers, abounded in age of Pope

Gregory I, unhappiness, ; see also happinessUnitarians, , ; see also Socinian

sectUnited Provinces, , , , –,

, , –, ; see alsoHolland; Netherlands

unity in religion, compared withdiversity, xxvii,

universals (universal categories), casuistryof the Jesuits concerning,

Urgande, the fairy, Uriah, , , usurpation, utility, motives of,

Valance, values, those of Bayle, xxxvii–xlVanini, Ucilio, his Life cited, n;

example of a theoretical atheist, Varillas, Antoine, n, n, , ,

, n,; his Histoire del’heresie cited n; ; his Histoirede Charles IX cited, n, n;his Anecdotes de Florence cited, ;his error concerning Mariana,

Vassy, massacre of (), Vavasseur, Father, his Epigrammate cited,

nvengeance, , Venice, Venus, , ; Ovid and pleasures of,

Verheiden, Caspar, ; his Elogia cited,

n; opinion on public importanceof songs, n; his Letter toSainte-Aldegonde,

Vesta, sister of Juno, nVienna, (Father Emeric) bishop of, vigilance, precept of, Vigneul-Marville (pseud. for Argonne,

Noel de), his Melanges d’histoire etde litterature cited, n

Vindiciae contra tyrannos, , , n, ; see also H ; JuniusBrutus

violence, xix, xxxvi, , , , , Virgil, n, , and n, n; his






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Eclogues cited and n; his Aeneidcited, n, and n, n; onevil in the world,

Virgilius, archbishop or Arles, Virgin Mary (also Holy Virgin), ,

, ; see also Jvirtue, , , Visigoths, Voiture, M. de, on the chastity of the

muses, Voltaire, Francois Marie Arouet de, xix,

xli, editor of Anti-Machiavelli, n

Wallemburch, Messieurs de, supportedlaws against heretics,

war, , ; those of David, –;systems of war and peace: jus bellipacis, ; condemnation of David’scruelties, – § ; internecinewarfare between nature’s elements,–, –, ; and its livingbodies, –; and human kind,–; disorders of human race, inOvid, –; why hard torenounce war, ; the greatest ofmoral evils, ; why ‘war on God’central to theological doctrine, –; why considered as the ‘devil’sturn to reign’, ; see also chaos;M

Wars of Religion, xxvi, xxvii, xxviii, ,, , ,

Warsaw, General Diet of, Westphalia, Treaties of , xxviiWilliam III of Orange, xxxii, women, , , , ; as parties to

revolution in religion, ; regenciesof women, Hotman’s opinion on,;Juno and Virgin Mary equallyindispensable to religion, –; ingovernment are served moreassiduously than men, ; dissolute

women made a cause by Loyola,; why angered by obsceneutterances, , –; wretchedwhen unhappily married, and n;see also E ; J ;N , Marguerite of

Wyat, Thomas, his conspiracy (–),

Xaca, , Xaco (Iaco), Xavier, Francis, met setbacks in Japan,

X , xxiv; –; xxiv;

biography, –; on harm morallyconsidered (E) –; onhappiness, if joy prevails over griefand pain, (F) –; search forforbidden pleasures (H) ; failureby Maimonides to address thequestion (K) –;incomprehensibility as the system ofXenophanes (L) –; evidence ofsenses and reason equallyquestionable, and n; whether hewas the first to supportincomprehensibility, –; denialof a criterium veritatis, ; onimmutability of the eternal, –

Xiphilinus, Johannes, Epitome of DioCassius cited, n

youth, whether corrupted by readingSuetonius, –

Zanchius, and Socinian sect, ; hispreface to De Tribus Elohim cited, n

Zealand, zealots, Zurich,






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