Incidents, Fatigue & Fatigue Incidents, Fatigue & Fatigue ManagementManagement

INTERTANKO - October 2006.

David George – Global Ship Quality Assurance Manager

Nick Roberts – Senior Ship Assessor

Innumerable Studies Agree - Fatigue Causes….. •Performance variability

•Slowed physical and mental reaction time

•Increase in work related errors

•Increased tendency to persistently repeat behaviours

•Increase in false responding

•Increase in memory errors

•Decreased vigilance

•Reduced motivation and laxity

“Fatigue is not well considered at sea, and yet its effects are insidious”Stephen Meyer

Chief Inspector of Marine Accidents

MAIB

April 2005

“The study…concluded that….watch keeper fatigue was a major factor in many accidents, and particularly groundings…and will be no surprise to officers involved in the short sea trade in particular”MAIB Safety Digest 1/2005

The HOW Rules – STCW & ILO180

Regulation

Work/Rest in 24 hrs

Work Rest in 7 days

No & Length of Rest Periods

Schedule

Records

STCW 10 hrs rest. This may be reduced to 6 hours for not more than 2 days

70 hours rest(equates to 98 hrs work)

Not more than two periods of rest, one of which must be at least 6 hours

Sets out hours of work for watch keepers

ILO 180 Guidelines

14 hrs of workOr

10 hours of rest

72 hrs workOr

77 hrs rest

Not more than two periods of rest, one of which to be 6 hrs. Interval between rest periods not to exceed 14 hrs

Specific format table for every position. Actual times for at sea and in port

Daily hours records to be maintained to specific format

Which HOW Rules applyWhich HOW Rules apply? (ILO rule what ILO rule?)

• ILO 180 Convention ratified by 20 nations• ILO 180 imposed by EU on member states• ILO Consolidated Convention on Maritime

labour standards.• EU “Port State” instructed not to

“disadvantage” EU ships when considering HOW systems in place on Non-EU ships.

• STCW• US legislation

Summary of ILO Guidelines…

• Any 24 hours -10 hrs off; no more than 2 periods; one period of at least 6 hours

• In 7 days - 77 hrs of rest or 72 hours of work

• If called during “rest” – “Compensatory rest”

• Schedule – To give times every individual will work

• Records – To be completed monthly to specified format

Concerns

• Interrupted rest becomes two periods (Emergencies Mooring; Drills; “Paperwork”; Meal relief etc!).

• Dayworker with regular 10 hour rest “out of conformance” every rest period

• Schedule requirement – “Wrong People at Wrong Times”

• Complexity - Computer analysis required to spot “non conformance.”

• “Management” unaware of levels of “Non conformance”

Main Changes from STCW…

• Loose “2 days at 6 hours rest”• 7 day rest requirement increases to 77 hoursOR• 7 day work requirement reduced to 72 hours• Schedule to specific format and requires

actual times of work• Record of Working hours to a specific format• Record of Working hours for all on board

Typical Work Patterns.. 4 on 8 off

Two hours “ extra” work leads to 4 hours non compliance- albeit “off duty” at time of non compliance. In top case, seaman works ave 10 hrs - in compliance. In bottom case ave 8.6 hrs – out of compliance.

Day 1

Day 2

Day 3

Day 1

Day 2

N N

Day 3 N N

Typical Work Patterns..

Daywork Would at first appear to offer easiest compliance – can be upset by callouts/alarms

Equates to ave 8.67 hrs/day at work

Even “rounds” alone cause noncompliance 0200 to 0500 - rounds must be 6 hours after completion of day-work.

Day 1

Day 2

Day 3

N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N

Typical Work Patterns..

Chief Officer “Daywork” System of Work) Typical C/O time sheet:

Non compliance is for lack of 6 hours continuous rest, lack of 10 hours total, and more than 14 hours between rest periods. (Equates to 11.67 hrs work day). Concern: This system cannot be described in a long standing “Schedule”

Day 1

Day 2 N N N N N N N N N N N N N

Day 3 N N N N N N N N

Typical Work Patterns..

6 on 6 off

Gives non-conformance every rest period. Any extra hours causes serious non-conformance as above. This in common use on all sizes of ship.

Day 1

Day 2 N N

Day 3 N N N N

Day 4 N N N N

Day 5 N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N

Other Observations….

• Scope for exceptions by“collective agreement”

• Rules acknowledge drills /alarms/ emergencies will create non-conformance – requires “compensatory arrangements”

• Non conformance applies to rest periods or work periods?

Getting it Wrong…

• Fatigue…..Real or imagined… Incidents• Port State Observations – Worse to come?• SIRE observations/ Incidents / Oil Major

concerns?

• Most Companies measure when their Lube oil is getting “tired” – lets do it for our crews?

Who Has “Signed up”…. (From ILO June 2006)Who Has “Signed up”…. (From ILO June 2006)

• Belgium 10/6/03• Bulgaria 24/2/03• Denmark 10/7/03• Finland4/7/02• Greece 14/5/02• Ireland 22/4/02• Latvia 13/1/06• Luxembourg 30/11/05• Malta 19/9/05

• Morocco 1/12/05

• Netherlands 16/6/03• Norway22/10/03• Romania 11/10/00• St Vin & Gren 8/2/05• Seychelles 28/10/05• Slovenia 21/07/04• Spain 7/1/04• Sweden 15/12/00• UK 20/12/01

• Plus all other EU States…..• Plus those now signing ILO

Consolidated Convention…….