INC 112 Basic Circuit Analysis
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Transcript of INC 112 Basic Circuit Analysis
INC 112 Basic Circuit Analysis
Week 8RC Circuits
RC Circuits
AC
+
-
u(t)
i(t)
RC
The response of RC circuits can be categorized into two parts:
• Transient Response• Forced Response
Transient response comes from the dynamic of R,C.Forced response comes from the voltage source.
Source-Free RC Circuitsi(t)
R C
+
v
-
+
v
-
Capacitor has some energy stored so thatThe initial voltage at t=0 is V0
0)0( Vv Initial condition
Find i(t) from R, C
0)()(
)()(
RCtv
dttdv
Rtv
dttdvC
0)()( ti
LR
dttdi
tLR
eIti
0)(
Compare with the solution of RL circuits.The solution of RC circuits can be obtained with the same method.
Source-free RL Source-free RC
0)(1)( tv
RCdttdv
tRCeVtv1
0)(
tRCeVtv1
0)(
t
v(t)
V0
tRCe
RV
Rtvti
10)()(
or
tRCe
RV
dttdvCti
10)()(
t
i(t)
V0/R
Time Constant
The product RC is time constant for RC circuits
RC Unit: second
tt
RC eVeVtv
0
1
0)(
Forced RC Circuitst=0
R
V C+
vc(t)-
i(t)+ vR(t) -
C has an initial voltage of 0
fromdttdvCti c
c)()( dtti
Ctv cc )(1)(
Use KVL, we got
dttiC
RtiV
tvtvV
c
cR
)(1)(
)()(
dttiC
RtiV c )(1)(From
Differentiate both sides
0)(1)(
)(1)(0
tiRCdt
tdi
tiCdt
tdiR
tRCeIti1
0)(
Solve first-order differential equation
Where I0 is the initial current of the circuit
C has an initial voltage = 0,
But from KVL,
therefore, and
So,
0)0( cv
)()( tvtvV cR
VvR )0(RVi )0(
tRCe
RVti
1
)(
tRC
R VeRtitv1
)()(
)1()()(11 tRC
tRC
RC eVVeVtvVtv
Force Response
Natural Response
t
i(t)
V/R
t
vR(t)
V
tRCe
RVti
1
)(
tRC
R Vetv1
)(
t
vC(t)
V
)1()(1 tRC
C eVtv
Note: Capacitor’s voltagecannot abruptly change
How to Solve Problems? (RC)• Start by finding the voltage of the capacitor first
• Assume the response that we want to find is in form of
t
ekk
21
• Find the time constant τ (may use Thevenin’s)
• Solve for k1, k2 using initial conditions and status at the stable point
• From the voltage, find other values that the problem ask using KCL, KVL
Examplet=0
1M
5V 1uF+
vc(t)-
i(t)
1M
1V
Switch open for a long time before t=0, find and sketch i(t)
First, we start by finding vc(t)
The initial condition of C is vc(0) = 1V
The stable condition of C is vc(∞) = 3V
Assume vc(t) in form of t
c ekktv
21)(
Find the time constant after t=0 by Thevenin’s, viewing C as a load
KMMReq 5001||1
Therefore, the time constant is
sec5.01500 FKRC
Find k1, k2 using vc(0) = 1, vc(∞) = 3
At t=0, vc(0) = 1 V 211 kk
At t = ∞, vc(∞) = 3 V 03 1 k
t
C ekktv
21)(
Therefore, k1=3, k2 = -2
We can find i(t) by using Ohm’s law on the resistor
tC etv 223)(
AeAMe
Me
Mtvti
tt
tc
22
2
22122
1)23(5
1)(5)(
t
i(t)
4A
2A
Aeti t222)(
Example
t=01K
5V
3uF+
vc(t)-
i(t)
1K
1K
The switch was opened for a long time before t=0, Find i(t)
Start with vc(t)
The initial condition of C is vc(0) = 5V
The final stable condition of C comes from voltage divider,which is vc(∞) = 5*(1/1+0.5) = 3.33V
Assume vc(t) in form of t
c ekktv
21)(
Find the time constant after t=0 by Thevenin’s, viewing C as a load
33.3331||1||1 KKKReq
Therefore, the time constant is
sec1333.333 mFRC
Find k1, k2 using vc(0) = 5, vc(∞) = 3.33
At t=0, vc(0) = 5 V 215 kk
At t = ∞, vc(∞) = 3.33 V 033.3 1 k
t
C ekktv
21)(
Therefore, k1=3.33, k2 = 1.66
We can find i(t) by using Ohm’s law on the resistor
tC etv 100066.133.3)(
mAeAKe
Ke
Ktvti
tt
tc
10001000
1000
66.166.1166.166.1
1)66.133.3(5
1)(5)(
t
i(t)
1.66mA
mAeti t100066.166.1)(
t
vc(t)
tC etv 100066.133.3)(
5V
3.33V