In Shore Gear Tech

8/3/2019 In Shore Gear Tech

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APPENDIXiB.B ~ O L O G I C A L SCIENCES BRANCHWORD PROCESSING ACTION PLAN

Prepare technical plan

~ v e ~ p ~ t i O ~ P l : _ _ _, _ _ _Develop detailed \ Review bytraining & s u p p o r t ! . BS!3CCr eps ...curriculum / .. / f'--""I CommentsWord perfect training .I.for resource staff ,

1 RevIse

Inspecthardware & softwareI r--Configure prototype 2 .....,usinl' neJear .J R .-"-' -- eVIse

End use t es t I,General walk thru&demonstration a t B IOWP reps & BSBCC

Set up mailboxesIBasic PROCOM scripts1_-----1....1

Modify l_la_n ....

Feb. 1

Dec. 16/88

Jan. 5/89

Jan. 6Done- --o DoJan. 27

Revise plans1prototype 2Feb. 6

Feb. 7DevelopautomatedPROCOMMscripts

Configure &test systems forDIR,HED,HFX *

Write systemhandbook

* DETAIL-Inventoryequipment-Registration-Configure-Test

Feb.8 - 10

Feb. 13 - 16

Feb. 13

Test DraftTraining forMFD,DIR,HED,HFX **

Configure&test systems forFWA,BOD,STA *

Draft

** DETAIL-System overview-VAX mail-Procomm-lDir+ _.- .- Wo rd P;fect ~

Dayl

I Day2,3Feb. 14 - 16

Training forFWA,BOD,STA **

Feb. 20 - 24

Feb. 24 Complete All systems installed& training done ompleteJune 1 Post implementation review

Revisephase II plan


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INTRODUCTION

The Indus t r i a l Development Branch ofCanada's Fisher ies and Marine Se has pI anro le during the pas t decade a s s i s t i ng in the expansmodernizat ion of the commercial f i ry

1and

the e ld o fwhen thewasThe major task fac ing the Branch was inf i she i ndus t r i a l deve t during th i s pershery was going through a t r ans i t i ona l phase whcarry the indus t ry from a t i ona lin shore shery to highly soph is t i ca ted mechanizedautomated offshore and inshore operaL..L.V.Ll0Growing f i sh ing pressure on known f i sh stocks bycompeting nat ions has made it increas ingly incumbent fo r theBranch to expand explora tory e f fo r t s in o rder to bring touse resources now unexploi t ed and underexploi t ed such as th eo ff sh or e c ap elin resource . Costs , r i sks and sc i en t i f i c sk i l l s

involved in such explora tory work are , genera l ly speaking!beyond the capabi l i ty of indiv idua l companies.The Indus 1 Development Branch i s concernedprima ly with the locat ion and/or assessment of commercials tocks o f f ish in areas where they are thought to ex i s t (of tenon the bas i s of broad sc i en t i f i c s tudies ) but a re no t beingexploi ted on a cOIrJTIercial scale . These explora tory opera t ionsdo not dupl ica te sc i en t i f i c s tu dies in to the behaviour charac-t e r i s t i c s of the s tocks o r t he i r popula t ion dynamics re la t ionto management. Such s tudies are car r ied out by the NewfoundlandBiological Sta t ion .The problem of applying- new and f i shtechniques to the exp lo i ta t ion of known resources as wel l asthose discovered by explora tory f i sh i s U C ' ~ ' ~ H u C H t on makknowledge and techniques a va ila ble to theTechnical as s i s tance and gu has beento the Newfoundland shing indus by mak ava i lab lehighly qua l i f i ed t echnica l advisory se rvices to ensure a freeflow o f techn a l and economic in t ion . t ionof new t echno logy developed by Canada and o ther leadf i sh ing nat ions has been int roduced exped i t ious throughdemonstrat ions by highly sk i l l ed f i sh ing skippers and ther

t echnologis t s recru i ted from var ious par t s of th e world employedby the Branch.The design and development of modern and e f f i e tf is hin g v es se ls , re l a t ed machinery and equipment i s a highlycomplex opera t ion and guidance and specia l ized knowledge inth i s f ie ld of end eavour h as been provided to bydevelopment eng ineer ing pe rsonne l.

/ 1 1 .


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I I .Many changes have taken place wi thef i s h e r y e s p e c i a l l y as it appl ies to f i s h i n g v e s s e l s ,gear and techniques for h ar ve stin g th e r es ou rc e. Pr t o the9 6 0 ' s , the inshore f i s h e r y was primari ly centered around

1 cod n e t s , b a i t e d t rawls and hand l i n e s , us opent r a p t .a p p E ~

methods, as we know them! have a l land many changes have s ace. d i sof the have been aced thec ss ves now t o t a l 6 0in s i z e from 35 65 f e e t . se vesc a s e s , employ a v a r i e t y shing methods, cod, g i l l n e t s , long I s , bottom traw ls for groundfish, r i n g - n e t s ! mid-water t r a w l s , crab s e a lSome o f these innovat ions in f i s h i n g gear and

~ ~ v H H i q u e s are o u t l i n ed i n t h i s p r e s e n t a t i o n .


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TAB L E o FIII.

CON TEN T S

INTRODUCTION

CONTENTS I I I

SECTION ONE: ENCIRCLING FISHING GEARA. Ring -Ne t . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1B. Purse Seine ' 5C. Beach Seine 8D. Danish Seine 10

SECTION TWO: FIXED FISHING GEARA. Cod Traps 15B. Herring and M ackerel Trap .............. 24C. Capel in Trap .... ....................... 26D. Gil l Nets 28E. Crab Po t s 30F. Lobster Pots 32G. Long l ine s 33

SECTION THREE: TOWED FISHING GEARA. Single Vessel Midwater Trawl ing 36B, Pa i r Midwater Traw l ing 39C. Single Vessel Bottom Trawling 44D. Scal lop Dragging 49


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SECTION ONE

ENCIRCLING FISHING GEAR


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A. Ring-NetSECTION ONE: ENCIRCLING FISHING GEAR

The technique o f r ing-ne t t ing has been u t i l i z edfo r h arv es t in g h er r in g and mackere l in Scot land fo rhundreds of years . In 1972, t h i s method o f f i sh ing wasin t roduced in to Newfoundland. During the pas t few yearsunder cos t / sha re p rogr ams between Indus t r i a l DevelopmentBranch and th e P ro vin cia l Department of Fisher ies , Scot t i shr ing-ne t spec i a l i s t s have been employed to t r a in Newfoundlf ishermen in t h i s f i sh ing method. The r i ng -ne t f l e e t hasexpanded over the pas t three years from one pa i r toapproximately 30 pa i r s , with new a dd it io ns to the ee tevery f i sh ing season .

- -> - - - - -45" CIR. INFLATABLE BUOY

,SWIVEL!

FOOT ROPE GUARD40 MESHES DEEP4" MESH "15 NYLON

5" DIA. 1/2" THK.STEEL RING

SWIVEL 1/2" IRON

aUNT GUARD20 M. 11/4" M. "15 NYLON1- 2" x 31/2" PLASTICFLOAT EVERY 12"

RING NET DESIGN

lThe most su i tab le(Newfoundland vesse l which wasmodif ied fo r r ing-ne t operaj t ions was the t r ap -boa t longl i n e r type (wheelhouse aft)). However f vesse ls such asg i l l - n e t longl iners were ~ l ~ O r igged .A t o t a l o f fourlmen are required on each vesse l

to carry out th i s type of(Operat ion. Due to the f a ~ ~ / : ~ a t

i1


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2both vesse l s comethe shopera t ion

to th e t and taket h i s of f ~ W U ~ H ~smooth wate r s .At presen t , iments a re being ccm


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3

FENDER

BRAI LER---f""ri>" '

BRAILING PROCESSCOMPl,ETION OF

HAULING PROCESS

BOOMr SETTIN RING NET

In re la t ive ly calm when were l e ssthan 8 m.p .h . , it was found t h a t a smal le r vesse l o f 16f ee t or l a rger could be used as the tow -off vesse l .A crew of e igh t f ishermen i s genera l lyfo r a r ing-ne t operat ion bu t the number can be cu t toseven dur idea l shing condi An anchor i s s e t outby a small boa t and the at tached rope i s to haul thevesse l away from the ne t when red . using smethod it i s not necessary fo r a crew member to s tay aboard

the small boa t a f t e r the anchor i s se t .


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RIGHT SIDE ViEW FRONT V IEW

. . /5 .


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SECTION ONEB. P u rs e S e i n e

5ENCIRCLING FISHING GEAR

A p u r s e se ine i s a l o n g w a l l o f w e b b i n g w i t h o u ta p r o m i n e n t bunt . Th e m ain bo dy of the w e b b i n g i s usua l lyo f u n i f o r m mesh s i z e . After c i r c l the s e i s leda b o a r d fro m o n e on s o t ha t the f i sh a r e concentratedin t h e othe r Th e e s s e n o f s net i st h e c los 1 i st h r o u g h a se r i e s o f b o t t o m oft h e lead 1 so t h a t the i s o rT h i s c loses t h e b o t t o m of th e ne t an d c o m p l e t e l y imp o u n d st h e ca tch before the crew b e g i n to pu l l in t h e ne t a b o a r dthe f i sh ing boat .

P ur s e S ei n e a f t e r Se


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The sefo r the

6has beenHowever, un t i lhavet o f the 1

'Thecan i s not too

purs

a s e t i s

processmeans ofThea t

the

the se

1the

,:n.,."uul ,

s e ine r .

f the

The amount ofthe s 0 th esuccess fu l

one s e t ona

i ' - .L'uu;:::,S encoun terE:'!d

a s e tse ts e t .withand d f f i ~

. . /7 .


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SECTION ENCIRCLING FISHING GEARC. Beach Se

The beach se i s used many areasof Newfoundland to c species as he r r ing ,and cape l in . The which has

i se the beach a semi- Ie \ao f i back to the beach. Bothback to ach s taneous

Beach Seine a f t e r Set t ing

capelDurt c

s beaches toone

. . /9 .


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9

F HOM BEACH SEINE

EN O LINE3/e" POLY

TOf' eRIO lE3/S" POI.Y ROP E

, 1/2" POl'r

FOOT - ROPE , 1/2

48

5/8"

50

2100/15 NYLON

16 FTMS.OF STRETCHED WEB

STRETCHED WEB

HUNG AT 7 0 % ( - ~ '

5/6" MESH

I\\ \ ,'--. . _---,

2 1 00 / 15 N Y LO N

SHOULDER

\5.3/4 FTMS. OF

S T RET CHED wEB

W IN Glin" MESH

210 Qf15 NYLON


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D. Dani Se

s I n a l 1 8 r

Methodto make

to b eao v e r Jche s t a r -o n e d i8 n ts an d the nex tt h e n a l t e red 4 po to-'-'-'- ' " ~ - ne t

w a r p s) up toWhenaw ayi s s t a r t edout . s per iodto b o t t o m .

o f b o t hf o u rt. o -the

the i ofr s t gear

18 R.P.M"s o tThe w i n c h

. . / IL


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11i s turning a t t h i s speed un t i l net i swarps pa ra l l e l over the s t e rn ) . Theup and put in to second gear . rema warp(about 500-600 ) fath oms on a s ide i s a t tspeed. ~ i h e n the ne t breaks w ater l e t out ofgear and the brake appl ied . The ne t by handor by tackle i f the re i s a l a rge amount of f i sh . The cod-end of the net hois ted abo , and the f i are re leasedon deck. I f the re i s more f i in the ne t , cod-end i st ied and the procedure i s repeated. When a l l the sh i sonboard, the net i s hauled onboard and the s e t i s completed.

This ope ra tio n u sua ll y takes about two hours fromthe t ime the h igh- f lye r i s thrown overboard un t i l the ne ti s hauled aboard the vesse l .This i s a sk i l l ed method of f i sh ing which,proper ly used, wi l l bring good r e su l t s , but it takes time

to l ea rn . Success i s seldom obta ined immediately, but eachs e t made i s exper ience g ai ned, and as in most types off i sh ing , it wi l l be found t h a t perseverance pays o f f .

2 .


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1

.. / 13 .


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13/V/E 7 / 1 0 0 5 OF SET

1

THE U$(/AL S T! " l A O ON A L E V LBOTTO/ ' - ! W/7J f PLENTYOF SPACE.

S / N EIII

I 10 0 F "TMS Nf,a/

V E S S E L HAAKER BUOY

T H I S r1 T flO D I SO N L Y t / SED ALONe; 51lJ!A R O U G H 0 l i R o c X E Y,GDq .

so FTH$ FTMS


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14

VESSELI


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SECTION TWO

FIXED FISHING GEAR


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15SECTION TWO: FIXED FISHING GEAR

A. Cod Tr

The cod t rap remained the same in Newfoundlandfo r many years . However, w ith in the pas t few years thecod- t rap f i she ry has changed t remendous Probably oneo f the g rea t e s t changes was the in t roduc o f th e Japanesec od -trap in 1966 by the Indus t r i a l Development Branch andth e Prov inc i a l Department of Fishe r i e s under a s h a r e d ~ c o s tprogram.

On the average, the catching record of Japanesecod-- trap shows a very pos i tive r a t i o when compared to theNewfoundland type t r ap . This i s mainly the r e s u l t of theJ ap an ese typ e t r aps ab i l i t y to re t a in the f i sh .. . / 16 .


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16D u r i n g recent y e a r s the scarc i ty o f f i sh h a snecess i ta ted t h e u s e o f t raps w hi ch wi l l h o l d t h e f i sh w h i c henters t hem. However, it i s in m o s t c a s e s f inanc ia l ly

~ m ~ v ~ ~ i b l e fo r f i s h e r m e n to buy a new t y p e t r ap . I t i ss s ib l e , howe ve r, fo r them to c o n v e r t t he i r own t raps a l o n gl ines of t h e J ap an es e ty pe t rap . I f c o m p l e t e c o n v e r s i o ni s n o t f eas ib le , t h e s i m p l e addi t ion o f a w i n k e r ne t , w h i c hr e c o n of t h e f ron t sec tion of the t rap ,to in crease t h e h o i d i n g po ten t i a l of t h e I t i se a s y c h a n g e s t o b e made an d c o u r s e s ofins t ruct ion a r e offe red by t h e N e w fo u n d la n d C o l l e g e of Fisher ies .

. . /17 .


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17

o NO10 F.lHHOMS DEEP

60 FATHOMS ON THE ROUNDS

o

:;I'APART

>M -


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18

MODlF lED NEWFOUNDLANDCOD TRAP10 FATHOMS DEEP

60 FATHOMS ON THE ROUNDS

,

FRONTPANEL

!VoID:NO LEADS ON WINKEl?'PANEL

LEAQROPE: 3/8" P O l . Y ~ R O P ELEADS :3 PER POUND .IS "APART

WINKERPANEL

SK IRT LINEV4"POLY-CORO

jI,oo3,IIZ"MESHN Y l a N

12 FATHOMS504 MESHES

STOPS1.3 /4" APART

12.1/2 FATHOMS514 MESHES

WEBBING HUNG ON THE HALVES

WE68ING!HU!NGSTOPS

II

l 42M ,"':1-;; fTMs-I ..... ~ 6 . l 1 2 FATHOMS

BACK PANEL -r3.1/2" MESH 0NYLON 2

H OL D B OT H E DG ES T IG HT f- - nir:iG AKNOT ON EVER""YMESH" - t3.112" MESH :NYLON

WEBSING HUNG t.T 5.1 %

13SMESHES

11 i= "ATHOM5

WEaB!NG HUNG ON THE HALVES . __ ,__STOPS 1.314 H APART, ,c> ~ : ' - - f ,3.112"MESH V I N Y L O N ; ~ : : : : ; ~ :< : i

; ~ i ~ 2 \HOLD BOTH ED_GES TIGHT :B 'n t '- - - T m i G A I Z N O T ( ) i : j E : - ; W 7 1 ~ M E S H - - ~ ' - - ' T \ . \

..n I l- \5" MESH VINYLON \ i,i :.fBOTTOM . g (/)PANEL . - \ ~ "" < l 0

HOLD BOTH EDGES TIGHT ~ :r- - - - n I N G A ; ; o T O N E V E R Y M S H - - - - - ~ ->- 4SU MESH VINYLON ~ ' i

l .EADS 3"APAFlT ~ , . . ; ;. -ALONG DOOR WAYS :r


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\

wz]


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I I

/;."


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w'6IX

w:r


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- - - - - ~ ~ -- ,~ ~ ~ - - ~ _ . -

T;

rZQVI".,w-'

>-zw;:;c4"ZcrCC


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a:w":'::


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B. Herring and Mack erel TrapFor many years the only methods used fo r ca tchingherr ing and mackerel was the g i l l ne t and beach se ine .However, in recen t years her r ing and mackerel have beentaken by smal l purse se ines , r ing nets and t r aps . Theherr ing and mackerel t rap i s d es ig ne d a lo ng the same l i nesas the Japanese cod t rap and has proven to be verye f f e c t i ve .This method o f ca tch in g her r ing and mackerel i srap id ly e xp andi ng a round t r e i s l and and i s conducted byt rap boa ts in the 20' to 30' c l a s s .

. . / 2 5 .


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RR! KE E TR8 FATHOMS DEEP

50 FATHOMS ON THE ROUNDSrRONT

l\v

FRONT PANEL

,.

HEAD' ROPE 1/2" POLYCORK ' !OPE 3/8" POLY-SEIZE 80TH ROPE'>FLOAfS D'" , 4") '2"

WINKERPANEL

>oz

z., ,

':'zz00 ! .Z g .% , ,

~ - ~ w z z o... I ; \ . ~

?,E$

15 FATHOMS

LEADER PANEL

~ O M E T R I C

30(1 MESHES

3-/ 13POLY ROP!:':

'N>

LEADS 6" APARTA L O ~ G 0001'1WAYS

3V2" MESHlr 0

0 10 FATHOM:)

:'I / Z"FTMS

8 ""ATHOMS


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D. Gil l NetsIn the pas t ten years , the g i l l - n e t hasgreat ly expanded in Newfoundland. This technique fo rcatching f i sh i s a good one i f used and notabused.On the ea s t and no rth ea st c oa st of Newfoundland,where the bottom i s too rough fo r shore dragging, 11ne t t ing i s a very p rac t i c a l way of f i sh ing. In areasl ike the northwest coas t of Newfoundland and par t s o f thesouth coas t , small boat t rawl ing and Danish se in ing hastaken over from g i l l ne t s .

A f'LEET Of' GILL NETS

CIA. INFLATABLE BUOYS

SEA BED

NOTE' i25 TO 30 NETS ARE OFTENUSED IN ONE FLEET WHENCOMMERCIALLY FISHING

10-15 LaSANO BAGOR ROCK

.. / 29 .


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E. Crab PotsDuring the pas t decade th e crab f i shery hasprogressed very rap id ly in Newfoundland. Many of thelong l iners which have used only g i l l nets in the pa s t nowuse crab po ts , and with grea te r success . This f i shery hastaken some of the pressure from the g i l l net f l e e t .

r - - - - - - - - - - - - ' - - - . - ~ - " - - - - - - - - - - - !CONICAL CRAB POT

5 9"

The Japanese con ica l crab pot i s the t yp ica l potused the cornmercial crab f i shery in Newfoundland. Thispo t has a 46" diameter a t the base , 27" diameter a t the topand i s 25" high. The frame of the po t i s made from one-ha l f inch diameter i ron rods . Four inch sh polyethylenewebbing covers the frame with a p l a s t i c cone a t the top to. / 31 .


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31a l l o w the crab to en t e r . The w e b b i n g a t the b a s e o f thepo t i s held toge ther b y a s t r i ng w h i c h i s a t ta che d to ar u b b e r b a n d a n d h o o k . T h i s h o l d s the w e b b i n g closed w h i l et h e po t i s f i sh ing a n d it i s eas i ly o p e n e d to r e l e th ecrab on d e c k . Each p o t w e i g h s a p p r o x i m a t e l y 20 p o u n d s .

fit _stRING OF POTS IN THE WATER

kf,iJlot, L [ " o ~ i ; 5 4 o . rOlt (_11.A"f( P'?'t.., I"IQP! tnW1I fro( " v

1'2 , .

5(1 {l'lit '_ -_1_ - - - - - - ~

Th e f l e et l in e, w h i c h i spoly- rope i s a n c h o r e d a t b o t h e n d sr o c k o r s a n d b a g . Severa l pot s arel ine a t 20 to 25 f a t h o m i n t e rva l s .i d e n 1 to the buoy l i n e s u s e d inl ine shery a n d r igged th e s a m e .

one-hal f i n c hw i t h a 10 to 15a tta ch ed to theThe b u o y 1 s arethe 1 ne t a n d

r

As w i t h a l l f ixed f i sh ing gear , an accura tebear ing m u s t b e t a k e n in o rde r t h a t th e gear c a n b e eas i lyl o ca t ed .

. . / 32 .


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G. wng l inesSECTION TWO:

33FIXED FISH1NG GEAR

The tec ique of l in ing i s used fo r thec atc hin g o f both cod and ha l ibu t . Although both types o fgear are r i d i f f e ren t l y , th e s e t t and haulprocedure remains the same.

A STR

INFLATA8LE 8UOY

REFLECTOR

S

APPRO X. 4 FMsLEAD ROPE

5/S" POLY ROPE

NOTEEACH LINE IS 50 FMS LONGWITH 50 HOOKS. SEVERAL LINESARE TIED TOGETHER TO FORMA STRING.

The cod ines cons i s t of 16l ines with 4-pound sud l i nes . The ground l ine i s blacknylon, 50 fa t:homs long, with 18" sud 1 s fas ten ed ev ery3 ' . Number 15 cod hooks are at tached to the ends o f thesud l i nes , which are bai ted before se t t ing commences.Severa l long l ines are u sua lly t i ed toge ther and s e t in as t r i ng .

At the end of each s t r ing o f gear , a 10 to 15-pound rock or sandbag i s a t hed. ine i su su a ll y o ne -h alf inch diameter poly-rope , which i s a lsoa t t ached to the end of each s t r ing of gear . A radarr e f l e c t o r and an i n f l a t ab le are s a t the otherof each buoy l ine with one or two of l ead.. / 34 .


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34rope sp lice d to the buoy l ine approximately 10 fathomsunder the sur face . The arrangements of the buoy l i ne sare i d en t i c a l to tha t of the g i l l n e t s .

A STRING OF HALIBUT LONGLINES

10 -15 LOWEIGHT

-----------,-- - - -. c J ~ : ' : : ' : . - c ' ~ d ~ " , A ~ . L = = ~ J i ~ J _ ~ ,NOTE,A?PROX. 1\ FM$ EACH L INE IS 50 FMS LONG WITH

LEAD ROPE Z5 HOOKS. SEVERAL LINES ARE TIEDTOGETHER TO FORM A STRING.

\ ' '"" "" '0 "

\\ " 28 LO LINE

I \ c eLO SUD LitlE1 1/11- JI Ifj!,LuuLcl J -_II

The i bu t l ong l ine s cons i s t o f 28-pound groundl i nes with 8 '-pound sud 1 ines . The ground 1 i s b lnylon, 50 fathoms long with 6 1 sud l ines fas tened every 12 1 Number 6284 ha l ibu t hooks are at tach ed to the ends of thesud l i nes which are bai ted before se t t i ng commences.Severa l ha l ibu t l ong l ine s are usua l ly t i ed toge ther and se tin a s t r i ng .At the end of each s t r ing of gear a 10 or 15 poundrock or sandbag i s t i ed on. The buoy l i ne used fo r ha l ibu t

longl in ing i s i d en t i c a l to t ha t used fo r g i l l ne t t i ng andcod longl in ing and r igged in the same way.On the voyage to the f i sh ing grounds the longl inesare bai ted and s to red , ready fo r s e t t i ng . Before ba i t ingcommences a l l the traw ls are t a ~ e n ou t o f th e traw l geartubs . While one man i s cut t ing the ba i t , a second man i sba i t ing th e t r awls and s to r ing them in the t rawl gear tubwith the bai ted hooks neat ly s tored by the s ide of the tuband the l i nes coi led in the cen te r . Usually there i s more

.. /35 .


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than one tub o f gear s e t a t one t ime the re fore th i sprocedure can be doubled o r t rOne frozen g usua l ly makes three ba i t s fa

the ha l ibu t hooks while one frozen herr ing makes 6 o r 8ba i t s the cod hooks.Should the 1 in ing que come back toNewfoundland the i c a l bai hook seof gear wi l l a be a pa r t o f the f ltechn que i s car r ied out very f f ec t ive and

it also has good paten 1 here .

. . / 36 .


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SECTION

TOWED PI


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SECrIONS i e Vesse

of

The pr ineto bot tom dragging ,l ike a l a rge consrf::: in the

b o t t o m ~ ' ' lhi ledwater topeni ofcha in onbottori1 b rthe t r awl .

adju tedthe ve st r awl r i s e s in

d the ve r ts i s reduced

o fi nc reased1 s

Spec ies 0 f i shbetween the bot tom andt h i s p a r t i c u l a r techninan r coltunn1 zing

//

fI

sko fsounde thethe schoolso the dens i

r equ i r ementof 3 t 1

) ,7.


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37

t -rio.: L OF;,-'.wA7Ul TI:!AWL.

:.':; C'i" > - \ , ) O ~ : ' W,e.

s E T T G , PRO C E 0 U R E


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':; ! N G L E Vt

:3

WATER TRAWtF

Very litt r awl ing i s presenhowever, many 0 theequipment and decktechnique .

1 boa t

9.


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SECTION THREE:B. P a i r Midwater Trawling

39TOWED FISHING GEAR

Many o f our small l o n g l i n e r s have low horsepower ,s u f f i c i e n t f o r o p e r a t i n g " f i x e d " g e a r , b u t n o t f o r "towed"g e a r , u s i n g one b o a t . However, t h e use o f two b o a t s t otow a s i n g l e t r a w l , a method used s u c c e s s f u l l y f o r manyy e a r s by Spanish f ishermen f o r demersa l s p e c i e s and S c o t t i s hf ishermen f o r p e l a g i c s p e c i e s has proven t o be a verye f f e c t i v e c a t c h i n g t e c h n i q u e .

PAIR MiDWATER TRAWLOPERATIONAL DIAGRAM

No" : ONE SIDE ONLY

CHAI ' ! . \ j. /WIGHT APPROX. / ~ j CHOKERS ..::v110 L9S. PEIl 100 HP. -../ L.

50 - eo LB. WEIGHTLOWER SWEEP 13 FT"s.

NOT TO SCALE

,WEIGHT

J __------======ZLWIEIGHTP a i r Midwater Trawling using t h e ~ l Warp Technique

.. / 4 0 .


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40

TOWiNGj

TOP BRIDLE 10 FATHOMS

7~ ~ 1/2 '"SWiVEI. . EYE SPUCE

LAZY DECKlE BoTTOM~ : ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~ ~ ~ ~ , ; ; ; ; ; .

56 La . WEIGHT

MorE'1..0i:y &&


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41In pa i r t rawl ing , ef f ic iency i s determinedce r t a in fac to r s . These can be summarized as fo l lows :1. Unlike s ing le boat t rawl ing wherevesse l noise can have a sca t t e r inge f f ec t on f i sh c lose to the surface ,in pa i r t rawl ing the noise of eachvesse l crea tes a herding e f f e c ttowards the t r awl path down todepths of around 30 fathoms.2. In t r i the ne t can betowed to o r even on thesur face when necessary . The b.erdingac t ion of the warps in the waterleads ti,e f i sh in to the path o f the ne t .3. With two boats , u t i l i za t i on o f power i sextremely e f f i c i en t b ec au se d oo rs arenot requ i red . This allows the s ize ofthe ne t and subsequent ly the sweptvolume to be increased by a t l e a s t 100%(in one boat midwater t rawl ing up to 40%of the power i s consumed by the drag ofth e do ors) .4. The search mode i s obviously very e f f ec t i ves ince two boats can cover a wide area .Some of the disadvantages in pa i r t rawl ing a re :1. Trawl handl ing i s s l i gh t ly more compl ica ted.2. The depth o f th e t rawl can no t be con t ro l l eds ign i f i can t ly by a l t e ra t ion of towing speed .3. Turning Ie towing i s not eas i lyaccomplished when f i sh ing with long warpsin deep water .

N.B. Manoeuvrabi l i ty of the boats and co-ord ina t ion betweenskippers i s essen t i a l to the opera t ion .

Las t summer two 40' l ong l ine rs with 70 h p. eachlanded over 400,000 Ibs . of c ap elin w ith in s ix weeks. Thistechnique has very good po ten t i a l .

. . / 42 .


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42

GILLN GED R IV! N

Double $ h e ~ uC. lackl . y.. 10 kUIlrne.ifl '!'forp In c l n h ~ rof ~ i u l l w h l l ~1o",lng,

HATCH TOFISH HOLD

S I

MAST

E V lEW

~ I I ' ,"",.""",,,- - Ill,ClOO lB$,

o E C K l Ii. o u


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43- - - - - - - - - ~ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CAPE H\) PAl R I\H DWATER RAWL

-1W.NG 1

SECONDBELLY

s" "'lNYL.ON

210 0/21

THIRDBELLY

- - - - - - - ~:ei0:c,oi

FIRSTEXTENSION

I-----t:EiOJ01NiI- - - - - ; t

1-114" Ni!SH SECOND gl_H_Y_l_O_N E _ X ~ ENSION--1210 0 / 10 ~ COO END gj

:1.

gil'll

1:50 M

2" ~ E S H IYI.ON2100/U!1 FOURTHBELLY4" MESH r ; ' l " 1 . 0 ~210 0/1&

58 M

6" NESH NYLON210 0/13

\ - ---=-90 M _130M

IS" M$ H NYLON FiRST

21 0 0 /21 BELLY IO!

------::6 - ~ - - - - ~ - - I - - - - - - - - + l i::lE'10',...

FOUR EQUA I..REQUIRED

THIS SECTION LINED WITH GOM5 / ~ " ~ E S H NYLON 210 DIG

.. / 4 4 .


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44SECTION ffHREE: TOIAJED FISHING GEAH

I e Vessel Bottomo S- - ~ ' - - - - - - - - - - - ~ - - - - - - " ' - .o f o t t e r

a l l o v e rs h o r t l y bethe yearv e s s e l s ,in l e n g t h have

"rhe techni well knmvnt h i s coun

l a rv e s s e l sOVE:,r theshore t r a w l e r s ( U H ' - " ' - - '-c o a s t and no s t c o a s t of

o t s of the world , we havet r a w l e r s to drag i n depths ups u c c e s s f u l the s .

TOWiNGFI G. 12

The m a j o ri t y o f thef l e e t a r e g i l l n e t40' powered by aa 380 h . p . s e lhas wheelhouseamid suppor ts ar igged th a double drum winch400 fathoms to 600 fathoms of 5/8" reoa l s o moun on each q u a r t e r and most ofequipped with a n e t drum to r e t r the


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45

BOX TRf.\WL

Q Q

Ih"";

o. .: Q Q :.....1 00

WINGS

BODY

INTERMEDIATE

CODENO

FLAT TRAWL

TOP

o 0 0 ~

WINGS

BODY

INTERMEDIATE

CODEND

II hila d rop1lb f loa t .e bveoat lined loot r ap .o. sole ropef !lac.aU

o rlblln.. .h aplllllnll olropI rlnos for codand illiGk "squor,"I chat inQ Qsorm eye aplice

Sketch out l in ing two Major Types o f Trawls which a re usedw ith in the Newfoundland Fishery . . ./


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47A t t a c h e d to the e n d s o f the f o o t r o p e a nd h e a dr o p e a re b r id l e s w h i c h e x t e n d fo r a p p r o x i m a t e l y 7 f a t h o m sa h e a d o f th e traw l be fo re t h e y m e e t th e g r o u n d w a r p s .The g r o u n d w ar p s w hic h are 10 to 15 f a t h o m s l o n g are

a t ta ch ed to the d o o r l egs . The d o o r l eg s , w h i c h a rev e r y sho r t , lead to t h e o t t e r b o a r d s ( rec tangu lar s h a p e dan d w e i g h i n g a p p r o x i m a t e l y 600 l b s . ) . Th e m ain w a r p sa re a t t ached to t h e o t t e r b o a r d s an d lead s t r a igh t b a c kto t h e w i n c h .

NO. 36 SHRIMP TRAWL

,II___L

FOOTROPEMoah e Twin.Sit.-r

IP 18;


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48

1. SETTING PROCEDUREAs the vesse l approaches the f i sh ing grounds,the o t t e r doors are hois ted over the r a i l by the gi l son .With the vesse l moving slowly ahead and headed in the

di rec in which the se t i s to be made, the cod endi s thrown over the s t e rn , followed by the extension,be l l i e s , wings. ro l l e r s and f the rope. Thevesse l can moving slowly ahead on a predeterminedcourse as the br id les and ground warps are re fromthe When the warp enters the gal ock,the breaks a re the and the o t t e r dOorsare connected. Now the doors are I i mainwarp and the hook-up chains are taken o f f . They are thens lacked down slowly to approximately 15 fathoms andstopped. The skipper then goes fu l l ahead still on courseun t i l the doors have a good open spread. The warps arethen s lacked away slowly to keep doors Theengine i s slowed in a t the l a s t 25 fathom mark and remainsthere un t i l a l l the warp i s out and the trawl has se t t l edon bottom. The engine i s then speeded up towing a t2.5 to 3 and remains a t t ha t throughout thetow.

2. HAULING PROCEDUREI'.Alinch i s15 fathom

down

When the durat ion of the tow i s camphau li ng b eg in s. The engine i s slowed down andput in to gear and run a t fu l l speed un 1 the l a s tmark appears th e ga llows. The i sun t i l the doors approach the lows thenlong enough to hook up the doors to thethe main th vesse l s 11the i s aga in to gear and thebr id les are When t o f thein the gal lows, i s out o f gear and theare i ed . A rope i s un from the t i p of eachwing and p as se d th ro ugh snatch blocks to the endson the warpin g e nds on winch. The qua r t e r ropes arehau un t i l the am ro l l e r s r a i l , thenro l l e r s are t on. The lazy de i s unt ied from thebosom o f the head l ine which i s also brought up to the r a i lby the qua r t e r ropes. I t i s passed through a sna blockon the s ta rb oa rd s id e and around the warp in g end. As tpecod end i s being drawn c lose r to the s ta rboard s ide , thesquare and be l l i e s are hauled in by hand over the s te rn .When the sp l i t t en s t r ap comes to the r a i l , the f i sh t acklei s hooked in to and the bag of f i sh i s hois ted aboard.The cod end s t r ing i s then unt ied and the f i sh are re leasedon deck. I f the re i s more than one bag of sh, cod ends t r ing i s t i ed up and thrown over s ide . The edurecontinues un t i l a l l the f i sh a re aboard .

. . /49.


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49

SECTION THREE: TOWED FISHING GEARScal lop Dragging

Scal lop f i sh ing i s usual ly ca r r i ed ou t ins ha llow wate r (5 fathoms to 40 fathoms), near i s l andsor in bays. Heavy concent ra t ions of sca l lop are of t enfound a t the mouth of r i ve r s . Since sca l lops are foundin beds, a g rea t deal o f explora tory work i s necessary tof ind out the locat ion and a rea of each bed.

DIG8Y SCALLOP DREDGE

3/6 DIACHAIN BRIDLES

Although there are many types of sca l lop dredgeson the market today, the digby sca l lop dredge i s the mostcommon gear used in Newfoundland. The r ig c on sis te d o f twoo r more digby buckets suspended rom a 3" diameter i ronbeam. An i ron frame form s the mouth o f the digby bucketw h i c h ~ s 3 ' wide and l ' hiqh. Attached to the i ron framei s a bag 3 ' wide and 3 ' l o ~ g made from 3" diameter i ronr ings which are s ta p le d to ge th er . At th e end of the bagi s a wooden block 2" x 4" X 3 ' . At the mouth of the bucket

.. / 50 .


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i i ronoa

Ie

th eyears

anandgear

o f wate r

. . / 51.


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511 . SETTING PROCEDURE

Before s e t t i ng commences the sca l l op dredge i sho i s t ed over the s ide by the g i l son . With the ves se lmoving s lowly ahead , the break on the winch i s r e l easedand the sca l l op dredge i s s lowly lowered to bot tom. Theamount o f warp to be l e t ou t depends on the depth o f wate r -usual ly the r a t i o o f warp to wate r i s 3:1 .

As the vesse l i s moving along ma in ta in in g h ersame depth, she i s towing a t a speed o f th ree knot s .When dragging fo r sca l l op , the tows a re usua l ly very sho r t -10 to 45 minutes .2. HAULING PROCEDURE

When the tow i s completed , h au lin g b eg in s. Thewinch i s pu t in to gear and the sca l l op dredge i s s lowlytaken back . As the cha in b r i d l e comes ou t o f wate r , th egi l son hook i s a tta ch ed to it. Then the sca l l op bucke tsare hois ted on board over the s ta rb oa rd s id e and loweredon deck. The gi l son i s remov ed from the b r i d l e s anda ttached to the end o f a bucke t . By r i s i ng th e gi l sonagain , the sca l lops and other deb r i s a re re l eased on deck .This i s a l so done with the second bucke t .

In Shore Gear Tech

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