1 Container Handling Gear Shore

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Indian Maritime University

Shore-based handling gear

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BNA 023 CARGO HANDLING & STOWAGEBlock no. 1 Cargo handling and Care Unit No. 3 Containerized Cargoes3.2.1.1 Container Handling Gear

Purpose of following Shore-based handling gear :

• Portainers• Straddlers• Fork lifts• Transtainer• Trailers• Spreaders

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BNA 023 CARGO HANDLING & STOWAGE

Block no. 1 Cargo handling and Care Unit No. 3 Containerized Cargoes3.2.1.1 Container Handling GearPurpose of following Shore-based handling gear :

• PortainersPortainers are port cranes used for loading, discharging and shifting containers on ships. They are very large and high and their boom is capable of loading containers six high on the hatch cover of a container ship. The Portainers cannot be slewed and the load can only be taken when the boom is in a horizontal position. Larger booms are being designed to reach the outboard containers on ever larger container vessels. They are powered by external cables mounted on reels on the sides.

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• StraddlersStraddlers are self-powered mobile port cranes used for transporting a container within the port container yard. The vehicle can straddle a container on a trailer and lift the container for transport. They are capable of handling containers stacked 4 high. They generally move on rubber tire wheels.

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• Fork LiftsFork lifts are diesel or electric powered trucks used for handling unitized cargo such as containers or palletized cargo. The two pronged fork is inserted into the fork pockets of a container or pallet to lift the load for transport and stowage. Small fork lifts are often used in cargo holds of general cargo ships to stow the cargo or for bringing same to the square of the hatch to discharge. Large fork-lifts are capable of lifting a loaded container.

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Fork-lift truck

Small size, can be used in ship’s holds.

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Fork-lift truck

Being used for general cargo handling

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Large (fork-lift) truck

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Large fork-lift truck

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Large fork-lift truckForks are replaced by a spreader

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Large fork-lift truck Forks being used to transport steel coils

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Indian Maritime UniversityBNA 023 CARGO HANDLING & STOWAGE


• Boom CranesThese are mobile self powered vehicles which have a crane boom instead of a fork-lift arrangement. They are available in various capacities and are widely in use in port as well as in civil construction sites. Boom cranes lift loads with the help of wire slings. Spreaders may also be attached to boom cranes to lift containers. All stand-alone lifting devices, including fork-lifts, need counterweights.

Large capacity Boom cranes are employed to lift heavy lifts. Telescopic support legs transfer the weight from the suspension and wheels of the mobile unit on which the boom crane is mounted.

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• TranstainerTranstainers are a type of gantry crane used for stacking transit containers in the port prior transhipment to ships in port or to destinations inland. They can straddle containers loaded 4 high and 5 rows across. They generally run on tracks and are powered by external cable.

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• Bridge CraneBridge cranes are an alternative to the Transtainer type of gantry crane used for stacking transit containers in the port. The gantry bar (Bridge) moves along a fixed frame-work.

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Bridge craneThe gantry bar acts as a movable bridge on top

of a fixed framework

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Block no. 1 Cargo handling and Care

Unit No. 3 Containerized Cargoes

3.2.1.1 Container Handling Gear

Purpose of following Shore-based handling gear :

• Trailers

Trailers are chassis on which one or more containers can be loaded for transport to the portainer for loading on ships or directly taken to inland destinations by hooking it on to a trailer truck. Some container terminals with ample area keep the containers stowed on trailers thus avoiding use of transtainers, straddlers and fork lifts.

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Trailer and Truck

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• Spreader (1)Spreader is essentially a beam used to lift a container. It is used by a portainer to handle containers on a ship and in the vicinity of a ship. The length of a spreader can be adjusted to lift a 40 or 45 foot container. A 20 footer would either require a separate spreader or form part of a multiple beam spreader. A spreader’s four legs fit into the four corner castings of a container and are then remotely locked by the driver of the portainer prior lifting the container. A spreader is thus more efficient than a four legged wire sling. The wire slings are used only for flat bed platform containers besides using for general cargo and heavy lifts.

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Spreader

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• Use of the Spreader (2)The crane operator extends or retracts the telescopic arms of the spreader to fit the container length. He then lowers the spreader bar over the container.

The twist lock in each corner of the spreader will snap into its corresponding corner castings so that the container can be lifted.

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• Use of the Spreader (3)There are spreaders available which can be used to lift two containers simultaneously. These are used mostly to discharge empty containers as positioning two containers simultaneously on a ship takes more time. These spreaders are not in common use.

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Spreader

Modern spreader designed to lift

two 40 footer boxes together

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Spreader picking up two 20 footers

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Bon Voyage

1 Container Handling Gear Shore

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