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In memoriam, Per Geijer and Nils HaraldMagnussonProfessor Sven GavelinPublished online: 06 Jan 2010.

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In memoriam, Per Geijer and Nils Harald Magnusson SVEN GAVELlN

Gaveh, S., 1977 09 30: Im memoriam, Per Geijer and Nils Harald Magnusson. Geologfska F6reningens i Stockholm F6rhandlingar. Vol. 99, pp. 254-263. Stockholm.

Per Geijer (1886-1976) and Nils Harald Magnusson (1890-1976) were both outstanding, Swedish geologists with ore geology as their speciality, but they were also active in several other branches of geology, for instance, mineralogy, petrology, and the Precambrian period. Their activities and positions had much in common. Both served as geologists at the Geological Survey of Sweden (Geijer 1914-3 I, Magnusson 19 18-4 1). both. were professors of geology at the Royal lnstitute ofTechnology in Stockholm (Geijer 1931-41. Magnusson 194 1-5 I), and both were Directors of the Geological Survey (Geijer 194 1-5 I, Magnusson 1951-58). At the Institute of Technology, they also held several important and responsible administrative positions. Although their official activities at the universities were fairly restricted, they certainly played an important rble in the education of many students of geology, especially field geology. Both were diligent writers and at the end of this paper a complete bibliography of their publications is presented.

Professor Sren Garelin. Institute of Geology, University qfStockholm. Box 6801, S-I I3 86 Stockholm, Sweden.

ISSN 0016-786~.

GFF In 1976, Swedish ore geology lost two of its out- standing “seniors”-Per Geijer and Nils Harald Magnusson. It is true that these two representatives of Swedish geological research made important contributions also to many other branches of geology and mineralogy, principally perhaps to the solution of problems concerning stratigraphy and the genesis of the Swedish Precambrian rocks, but in the future their names will most certainly be associated with Swedish and international ore geology. They happened to complement each other in several respects and they sometimes also published articles jointly. In that way, they formed a team and represented an epoch in Swedish geology. In a memorial sketch, it may therefore be reason- able to survey their individual contributions in various branches contemporaneously, a t least to a certain extent. Both came from the county of VIrmland-although Geijer was born in Stockholm-and throughout their lives they dis- played deep feelings of community with this province, which is so important for many kinds of Swedish culture. In their scientific activities, both happened to work along the same line during their

early years-on the Swedish iron ores. At first, they worked in different regions, however-Geijer mainly in Norrbotten, Magnusson in the mining districts of central Sweden. Geijer came to the Geological Survey of Sweden (SGU)in 1914 and from that time he, too, started research work on ores from central Sweden and discussed the related genetical problems. In the period up to the last world war, a large number of monographs on the ore districts of central Sweden were presented. One can say that this was the golden age of the series of Geological Survey monographs on ore geology (Geijer on Falun, Riddarhyttan, Strbsa-Blanka, Norberg and Stripa and Magnusson on the Filip- stad-Persberg district, Nordmarken, LHngban, the Lekeberg district, Kantorp, Grangesberg, the Ljusnarsberg district and HerrHng). This study of the ore districts of central Sweden was summarized in the big work entitled De mellansrenska jrirn- malmernas geoIogi (The Iron Ores of Central Sweden), of which Geijer and Magnusson were the joint authors. This work has grown to be something of a “bible” of the central Swedish iron ores, in which the outstanding knowledge of the two

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Per Geger and Nils Harald Magnusson 255

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Per Geijer Nils Harald Magnusson

authors of all kinds of iron-ore deposits was sum- marized. It is undoubtedly the presentation of the comprehensive observations that is the most lasting and valuable feature of this publication, a statement which is also true of several of the monographs. Now, in science, interpretations and theoretical con- siderations are often more or less modified in time. Concerning the genesis of the iron ores, Geijer and Magnusson agreed in several respects, especially with regard to certain ideas which contrasted with their views and which were discussed in Sweden, mainly in the 1910s and 1920s, but they were by no means in agreement concerning all the features of the iron ores in question. This is quite evident to an observant reader of their big, joint work, in which one gets the impression that sometimes Geijer and sometimes Magnusson was responsible for the presentation. However, this disagreement did not alter their deep appreciation of each other and their discussions on controversial ideas were always founded on real facts.

As was mentioned above, the activities of Geijer and Magnusson were not restricted to ore geology only. Both paid much attention to a large number

of problems concerned with the Precambrian of the Nordic countries. With respect to regional mapping, Geijer worked mainly in the county of Norrbotten, Magnusson mainly in central Sweden. However; by making comprehensive field studies and excursions, both had gathered a wide knowledge of the regional Precambrian geology of the Nordic countries. Thus, Geijer wrote the chapter on “Sweden” in the work entitled The Geological Systems: The Precambrian (1963). Together with Axel Gavelin, Magnusson presented the Geologisk orersiktskarta over Norden, I:l,oOO,oOO (Geological Map of the Nor- dic Countries, with Description) (1935) and Karra over Sveriges berggtund, I:I ,000,ooO (Map of the Bedrock in Sweden) in chapters dealing with. the Precambrian outside the Caledonian mountains. The development of Geijer’s and Magnusson’s fields of activities displays a quite remarkable con- sanguinity. For several years, they worked as colleagues at the SGU. When, after 10 years as professor at the Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm, Geijer left this post and became Direc- tor of the SGU, he was succeeded by Magnusson at the Institute of Technology. For both, their task at

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the Institute was to impart to their students essential knowledge in mineralogy and geology, ore geology, of course, being of particular importance. Since both possessed a wide personal experience of mines and their geological problems, they were very well fitted for this task. It can be added that both also held many important administrative positions at the Institute. f

When Geijer retired from the directorship of the SGU, his position was taken over by Magnusson, who held this office until he in turn retired in 1958. In summary, it can thus be said that their activities were intimately linked with each other’s also when their aims and directions were fundamentally changed. Of course, each of them also displayed certain characteristic personal qualities, which I will try to comment upon below.

In this section, which refers to both men, a little episode may be worth mentioning, since, in my opinion, it is very illuminative of the differences in their personal qualities. When visiting a mine in cen- tral Sweden some years ago, I had a talk with the mining engineer, who had had both as teachers when he studied for his final examination. “Geijer”, he said, “was always very careful in his presentation of controversial questions (for example, ore genesis) and if he presented a certain theory, this was always done with some reservations. Magnusson, on the other hand, said that these are the explanations of the problems in question. It may be th‘at some weak spirits think otherwise, but that is not worth considering”.

Per Gecer was born in 1886 in Stockholm, but his father came from Rosenberg at Varmlandsnas. As an Army ollicer, he had to oscillate between Stockholm and Goteborg, where he was colonel of a regiment, but in 1898 the family finally settled in Stockholm. Here, Per Geijer had an opportunity to develop a latent interest in natural science and he himself has related that he was a frequent visitor to the Museum of Natural Science, at that time situated at Vallingatan. His main interests were then in the mineral collections. As early as 1904, he had an opportunity to visit Kiruna and he immediately became interested in the ores and the related genetical problems. His father was a personal friend of Hjalmar Lundbom, the “king of Kiruna” at that time, and he wrote to him asking to be told if there was an opportunity for young Per to do geological work in the Kiruna field. Geijer himself has related with a certain pride the answer which came from Lundbom: “Send the boy up here and we will make him a geologist”. In this way, Geijer started his studies in the county of Norrbotten, which were to result in a doctoral thesis in 19 10. Since this was the year in which Sweden organized the International

Geological Congress with its excursions, the name of Gcijer, of course, gained some international renown. In the following period, he widened his in- vestigations in Norrbtten to include both the other ores and the regional geology. Geijer’s con- tributions to regional Precambrian geology have been mentioned earlier, and they came by degrees to cover far more extensive areas than his beloved Norrbotten.

As a researcher, Geijer published articles very frequently. During his directorship of the SGU, this kind of work had, of course, to be cut down and ad- ministrative work took up most of his time, but, after he retired, he made up for lost time by publishing a great number of scientific articles, the last one as late as 1974.

One thing which was very important in.Gei- jerk activities was the fact that he possessed very wide international experience. As early as 1907, he had an opportunity to visit the classical ore deposits at Freiberg and some other mines in Germany. In 1913, he visited the USA. for the first time and gained personal experience of many of its most famous ore districts and also became acquainted with the most outstanding ore geologists in that country. In 1926, he visited Spain and North Africa and in 1928 Chile and Australia. The global knowledge of various ore districts which Geijer thus obtained enabled him to make important com- parisons with the Swedish ore districts on a broad international basis. In this respect, he was to a cer- tain extent a precursor, since geology in Sweden at that time often had a rather “home-grown” character. Of course, this attitude of Geijer’s con- tributed to make his name well known in inter- national geological circles.

After the disputation in 1910, Geijer became docenr at the University of Stockholm and in 1914 joined the SGU as state geologist and worked there until 1931, when he was appointed professor at the Royal Institute .of Technology in Stockholm. He had had an opportunity to be professor of geology 10 years earlier, when the professorship of mineralogy and petrology at the University of Upp- sala fell vacant on the retirement of A.G. Hogbom. Geijer applied for this appointment and was un- animously placed first among the candidates by the committee of experts. However, he withdrew his ap- plication, probably because he did not want to inter- rupt his research on ore geology, which at that time had entered a very productive period. The professorship at Uppsala covered a very wide range in geology and, to such a conscientious scientist as Geijer, his appointment as professor would most certainly have meant that he would have had to alter his activities drastically.

As a human being, a friend, and a colleague,

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GFF 99:3 Per Geuer and Nils Harald Alagnusson 251

Geijer was greatly valued by everybody. With him, one felt that here was a person who could always be trusted, who was always prepared to come to the rescue when there was need, and to whom wickedness and/or slander never existed. In his fun- damental view of life, he was conservative, which is also evident to a certain degree in his publications, but this c9nservatism was never aggressive and he could discuss things calmly and with self-control, even with persons who held more radical views.

As long as he was able to move freely, he loved to stay in the countryside and consequently he was very fond of geological field work. To those of us who had the priviledge of following him in the field, it was always a source of pleasure to find how he could open up then. In studying geological objects, he was the keen observer and scientist, but when he took a rest, put down his hammer and rucksack and got his cherished pipe lit, his attitude began to ex- press calm and satisfaction with life and he was then an excellent companion.

During his last few years at the SGU, he had in- creasing difliculty in moving around in the field, as his legs failed more and more. This handicap grew even more, pronounced with the years and he became by degrees more and more invalidited. However, his brain was as clear as before and, when I visited him only a few weeks before his death, I remember that I was very much impressed to fmd that his unfailing memory was still quite in order. The ‘few words he was then able to utter displayed an unimpaired intellect. To all who had opportunities to associate with

Geijer, his memory stands in a bright and enduring light.

Nils Harald Magnusson was born in Filipstad in 1890. After his first university examination, he started in the profession of teacher, erst at the MjBlby Mixed School and later at the Mora People’s High School, where he worked for three years (1913-15). The period at Mora was a time which Magnusson always recollected with delight and he often recurred to that time when talking with friends and colleagues. Evidently, it was in this en- vironment that he had contacts with many of the Swedish cultural tlite of that time, and Magnusson himself often referred with pride and joy to his per- sonal contacts with such persons as Karlfeldt, Zorn, Nathan SBderblom, Karl Erik Forslund and others. It was doubtless during this time that he developed his interest in educational activities and also in various branches of art and humanistic knowledge, an interest that remained undimmed throughout his life.

The person who happened to direct his attention to geology was Percy Quensel, the Professor of

Mineralogy and Petrology at Stockholm University. However, his interest in minerals and rocks had evidently been latent much earlier. As a boy, he had collected minerals and rock specimens from his native place and he has himself told how, at the age of about 7, he was confronted by A.E. TBrnebohm, the leading geologist in Sweden at that time, who complimented him on his collections and en- couraged him to continue them. Thus, he met the person whose position (the Director of the SGU) he was to take over some half a century later.

Magnusson’s further academic studies resulted in a doctoral dissertation in 1925. On that occasion, he treated a subject which must have been very im- portant to him-the ores of the Persberg district in the Filipstad mining area, i.e. in the very centre of his native place. In his dissertation, Magnusson presented a new theory of the genesis of the skarn iron ores, a theory which contrasted drastically with the views of Geijer, who interpreted these ores as metasomatic formations, created by the addition of especially iron to older, frequently lime-bearing rocks. Magnusson believed that the ores were originally sedimentary formations, which had developed their present mineralogy and structure by subsequent regional metamorphism. Since Geijer acted as the Faculty opponent, this was the first oc- casion, at least in public, on which Geijer’s and Magnusson’s contrasting ideas on iron-ore genesis were discussed. Magnusson continued his research work on the iron ores and was able to complete the arguments for his ideas. Geijer had to admit the truth of Magnussods views in some respects, but a certain dimerence of opinion concerning ore genesis still remained and, on the whole, remained throughout their lives. It seems probable that this was the main reason why Magnusson published his own version of the evolutionary history of the cen- tral Swedish iron ores entitled The Origin of the Iron Ores in Central Sweden and the History of Their Relations (1970).

This publication bears witness to Magnusson’s scientific activity also after his retirement. His last contribution was the compilation entitled Malm I Sverige, Del I . S a r a och mellersta Sverige (Ore in Sweden, Part 1, Southern and Central Sweden) and the chapter on “Manganmalm i Norrbottens urberg” (Manganese Ore in the Norrbotten Pre- cambrian), which forms part 2 of the same work (both parts were printed in 1973). This last- mentioned work is in the first place a text-book, and here one enters upon a further branch of Magnus- son’s publishing activity, vK. as a text-book writer. There are two works which are particularly worth mentioning: Malmgeologi (Ore Geology) (1st ed. 1952). which was intended to be a text-book for students at the Institute of Technology in

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Stockholm and at the Universities of Stockholm, Lund and Uppsala, and Sreriges geologi (Geology of Sweden) (1st ed. 1936). which seems to be a revised version of Tornebohm’s Sveriges geologi. In the 1936 edition, E. Granlund wrote the chapter on Quaternary geology; he was succeeded in the following editions by G. Lundqvist and in the fourth edition G:RegnClI wrote the chapters covering the period from the Cambrian to the Pliocene.

In considering Nils Harald Magnusson as a human being, friend and colleague, it is natural that personal experience should be the most fruitful basis. My contacts with him go back to the spring of 1927, when, as a young student, I entered a course for field geologists at the SGU under his guidance. I and the other members of the course were im- mediately fascinated by the enthusiasm and vitality emanating from Magnusson and by his ability to impress the principles of field geology on his crowd of inexperienced students. Throughout his life, Magnusson remained a man of intensive energy, whether the matter in hand was science or anything else. Thus, in many cases his colleagues found him a little argumentstive in scientific discussions, but they had to admit that he was always an impartial teacher.

For many young Swedish geologists, it was a great experience to have had Magnusson as their teacher, especially in field geology. He had the ability to concern himself with people as indi- viduals and could by his enthusiasm also encourage a depressed young student. .To be sure, Magnusson’s teaching was not exactly on the professorial level. He himself always felt happiest when he could work in the field with younger or older colleagues. When his students ripened and developed views of their own, they perhaps sometimes found his statements founded on field observations a bit too categorical as evidence. Cer- tain observations may be interpreted differently by different geologists. The endeavour to present fac- tual interpretations could never be questioned, however. Those who have had the privilege and the pleasure of starting their geological work under him and subsequently also worked with him will always remember him with feelings of deep gratitude. This statement is also true as concerns personal contacts of various kinds.

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maps and (2)map sheets with descriptions. The following works cited have not been translated: ( I ) general notices; (2) contributions to discussions; (3) brief articles of local interest o r with no figures or tables and which are therefore of no interest to a reader unable to read Swedish and preliminary papers which were subsequently presented in a foreign language.

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191 7. 16. Falutraktens berggrund och malmfyndigheter (Zusammenfassung: Die Gesteine und Erze in der Falu Gegend). Sver. Geol. Unders. C 275. 316 pp. 17. Om landisens avsrniiltningsfirhHllanden inom Nautanenomridet vid G5llivare. (On the Melting of the Inland Ice in the Nautanen Area at Giillivare). Srer. Geol. Unders. C 277, 36 pp. 18. Bidrag till frHgan om blocktransportrikt- ningar inom Jukkasjhi malmtrakt. Sver. Geol. Unders. C 282, 9 pp.

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GFF 99.3 Per Gever and Nils Harald hfagnusson 259

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31. Recent work on Archaean sulphide ores in Fenno-Scandia. Econ. Geol. 16. 279-288.

1922. 32. Problems suggested by the igneous rocks of Jotnian and sub-Jotnian age. Geol. F6ren. Stockh. F6rh. 44, 4 11-443. 33. Block av sevebergarter vid Kiruna. Geol. F6ren. Stockh. F6rh. 44. 663-665. 34. Diskordant skiktning i leptit frAn Nautanenomridet. Geol. F6ren. Stockh. F6rh.

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483-502.

111-130.

64. Facts and theory in .mining geology. Econ. Geol. 22, 300-303. 65. Geoloaicd relations of the North African iron ores. kcon. G e ~ l . 22, 537-564.

1928. 66. Phosphate resources of Sweden. Les rbserves mondiales en phosphates. Information faite par initiative du bureau du XIVe. Int. gkl. Congr.. Espagne 1926. Madrid 1928,493-496. 67. Alniiitic dikes from the coast region of Lulei and Kalix in northern Sweden. Fenn. 50 11, 16 PP. 68. uber einige Kiesschiirfe im Kirchspiel Jiirn- bois in Mittelschweden. Z. prakt. Geol. 36.

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164- 167. 97. Norrlands mineralfyndigheter och bergsbruk. 69. Mineral och bergarter samt dessas Den praktiska Norrlandsboken (Stockholm),

Gnrvv6sen och hfetallurgi, Stockholm 1928.47 1944. 98. De mellansvenska jlrnmalmemas geologi DD. lGealaev of the Iron Ores of Central Sweden).

Grekomstsltt. Uppjinningarnas Bok. IV: 452-46 1.

.. 70. A fault surface. Econ. Geol. 23, 804-805.

1929. 71. MasugnsbyfZltens geologi (Summary: Geology of the Masugnsby Ore Field). Sver. Gepl. Unders. C 351, 39 pp. 72: Malmtillghgama i de nordiska staterna. Nord:Stat. Tidskr. 8. 558-563.

1930. 73. Giillivare malmfilt (Geology of the Galivare iron ore field). Srer. Geol. Unders. Ca 22. 1 15. 74. Oflicial recording of mining geology. Econ. Geol. 25. 543-545. 75. The iron-rich norite of Akkavare [Siaunial .., Geol. F6ren. Stockh. F6rh. 52, 391-39j.

193 1. 76. Sydvarangermalmernas natur. Geol. F6ren. Stockh. F6rh. 53, 98-99. 77. Berggrunden inom malmtrakten Kiruna-G5llivarc-Pajala (Summary: Pre- Cambrian Geology of the Iron-bearing Region of Kiruna-GZllivare-Pajala). Sver. Geol. Unders. C 366, 225 pp. 78. The iron ores of the Kiruna type. Sver. Geol. Unden. C 367.39 pp. 79. Linagraniten och Vakkoformationen. Geol. F6ren. Stockh. F6rh. 53, 345-350, 353-354. 80. Supergene martite. Econ. Geol. 26,437439.

1932.8 1. Praktiskt geologiska uppgifter i mellansvenska jlrngruvor. Together with Nils H. Magnusson. Jernkont. Ann. 116, 100-123. 82. Boliden och iivriga malmfynd i SkellefteEJtet. AlmanackjZr alla. 136-138.

1934. 83. Magmagasema shorn Grmedlare av regional metasomatisk omvandling. Geol. F6ren. Stockh. F6rh.. 56. 63 1-636.

1935. 84. Till frHnan om den mellansvenska magnesiametas6matosen. Geol. F6ren. Stockh. F6rh. 57. 352-357. 85. NBgra synpunkter pH tolkningen av Falu gruvas geologi. Geol. F6ren. Stockh. F6rh. 57.

86. Die nordschwedischen Eisenerze und verwandte Lagerstiitten als Beispiele eruptiven Spaltungsprozesse. Geol. Rundsch. 26.35 1-366. 87. Origin of the iron ores of Spanish Morocco. Econ. Geol. 30. 92-94. 88. Sveriges malmtillgingar. Sveriges Industri (Stockholm), 115-127.

1936. 89. Norbergs berggrund och malmfyndigheter (Summary: Geology and Ore Deposits of Norberg). Sver. Geol. Unders. Ca 24, 162 pp. 90. NBgra malmfyndigheter i Viisttysklands devon. Geol. F6ren. Stockh. F6rh. 58,388,389.

1938. 91. Stripa OdaEdts geologi (Summary: Geology of the Stripa Mining Field). Sver. Geol. Unders.

92. (Diskussion om "Vakkoformationen och Linagraniten"). Geol. F6ren. Stockh. F6rh. 60, 672.

1939. 93. The paragenesis of ludwigite in Swedish iron ores. Geol. F6ren. Stockh. F6rh. 61, 19-33. 94. Kentrolite in a metamorphic, manga- nese-iron ore of sedimentary origin. Geol. F6ren. Stockh. F6rh. 61. 204-208.

584-586,587-588.

ca 28, 43 pp.

95. Waldemar Gndgren. Geol. F6ren. Stockh. F6rh. 61. 509-512.

1943.. 96. FrHn Sverines aeoloniska undersiikninas malmletningsarb;ten T Viiserbottens Ik. Tek Tidskr. Stockh. Ard. Bergsretensk. 73, 75-18.

--- - T i k t h e r with Nils H. Magnusson. Srer. Geol. Unders. Ca 35. 654 pp.

1945. 99. Omfattningn av tennen leptit. Geol. F6ren. Stockh. F6rh. 66, 733-741. 100. NBgra synpunkter pB geologyrkets rekry- teringsfriga Geol. F6ren. Stockh. F6rh. 67:

101. (Inledning till 0. Kulling, "Om fynd av mammut vid Pilgrimstad i Jimtland"). Sver. Geol. Unders. C 473, 3-12. 102. Jiirnmalmtrna i Norrbottens liin. &rde H6rn6mGssans handlingar, 1944 (UmeB). 103. Moderna malmgeologiska problem i Sverige. In "Morgondagens Teknik" (Stockholm. Tek. 77dskr. 75 (separate volume).

1946. 104. Utforskandet av de mellansvenska jam- malmerna 1921-1946. Geol. F6ren. Stockh. F6rh. 68. 201-211. 105. Per Johan Holmquist. K. Sren. Vetenskups- &ad. Arsb.. 297-307. 106. Siikandet efter salt och olja i Sverige. Vetenskapen just nu (Stockholm). 46 1-480.

1948. 107. (Diskussion om "de mellansvenska sulfid- malmema och de paligena processerna"). Geol. F6ren. Stockh. F6rh. 70, 371. 108. NHgra synpunkter pB isavsmlltningens Grlopp i nordligaste Sverige (Abstract: Melting of the Inland Ice in Northern Sweden). Geol. F6ren. Stockh. F6rh. 70, 575-582. 109. Sveriges malmtillgHngar. Industriens upp- &snings@nst. ser. C:1 (Stockholm), 49 pp.

1949. 110. Axel Gavelin. Geol. F6ren. Stockh. F6rh. 71,

11 1. (Diskussion om "Apatitjiirnmalmernas differentiation"). Geol. F6ren. Stockh. F6rh. 71,

1 12. Till apatitmalmdiskussionen. Geol. F6ren. Stockh. FGrh. 71. 361-370. 113. (Diskussion om "Kursudalar i Norr- botten"). Geol. F6ren. Stockh. F6rh. 71. 376.. 1 14. (Diskussion om "Interglaciala avlagringar vid Boliden"). Geol. F6ren. Stockh. F6rh. 71. 505-506.

1950. 115. The Rektor ore body at Kiruna. Sver. Geol. Unders. C 514, 18 pp.

1951. 116. Beskrivning till kartbladet Griinna (Descrip- tion of the Griinna Map Sheet). Sver. Geol. Unders. Aa 193, 7-21.

1952. 117. Geological history of the iron ores of Central Sweden. Together with Nils H. Magnusson. Int. Ghol. Congr. 18th Sess. Great Britain 1948. Rep.

118. The iron ores of Sweden. Together with Nils H. Magnusson. Les gisements de fer du monde 11. Int. Ghol. Congr. 19th Sess. Algiers 1952. 477-499.

1954. 119. Arvid Gustaf Hiigbom. K. Si-en. Veten- skapsakad. Arsb.. 271-292. 120. De kvartsrandiga jiirnmalmernas problem. K. Sren. Vetenskapsakad. drsb., 293-305. 12 1. Viirldens jlmmalmstillgBngar. Ymer 74,

1956. 122. Precambrian atmosphere: evidence from the Pre-Cambrian of Sweden. Geochim. Cosmochim.

1957. 123. Die Herkunft der quartrgeblnderten

397-408,430431-

16-28.

185- 188.

PI. 13, 84-89.

182- 195.

Act0 10, 304-310.

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Eisenerze. Neues Jahrb. Miner. etc. Abh. 91 (Festbond Schneiderh6hn). 223-238.

1958. 124. Galena in pyrometasomatic deposits. €con. Geok 53, 210-214. 125. NHgra urbergsstratigrafiska frbgor i Norr- bottens IPn (Abstract: Some Stratigraphical Problems in the Precambrian of Norrbotten). Geol. F6ren. Stockh. F6rh. 80. 423-432.

1959. 124. Aktuella frigor i Kuunatraktens geologi. Geol. F6ren. Stockh. F6rh. 81. 149. 127. NHgra aspekter av skarnmalmsproblemen i Bergslagen (Abstract: Some Aspects of the Skarn Ore Problems in Central Sweden). Geol. Foren.

128. Geology in Sweden. Geotimes (Washington) 4 3 8-9. 42.

1960. 129. The distribution of halogenes in skarn amphiboles in Central Sweden. Ark. Miner. Geol.

130. The Kiruna iron ores. Srer. Geol. Unders. Guide Books. In!. Geol. Conpr. Exc. A 25-C 20

Stockh. F&h. 81. 51.4-534.

2. 481-504.

andA 27-C 22). I5 pp. -

1961. 131. Nils Zendn. D6dsnmor. S:te &faris Gille. .. ~ ~

Stockholm. 3 pp. 132. The manganese, iron and copper mineralira- tion . at Kesebol in Dakland. southwestern Sweden. Bull. Geol. Inst. Univ. Ups. 40, 37-49. 133. The geological significance of the cerium mineral occurrences of the Bast& type in Cen- tral Sweden. Ark. Miner. Geol. 3. 99-105.

1962. 134. On the association of magnesium and sul- phide ores in metasomatic mineralization. Ark. Miner. Geol. 3, 153-164. 135. Some aspects of phosphorus in Precambrian sedimentation. Ark. Miner. Geol. 3, 165-186.

1963. 136. Isotopic constitution of ore lead in Sweden. Togeth.er with F.E. Wickman and others. Ark. Miner. Geol. 3, 193-257. 137. Three discredited mineral species: gersbyite, munkforssite and munkrudite. Together with 0. Gabrielson. Ark. Miner. Geol. 3, 413-414. 138. On the source of chromium in micas. Ark. Miner. Geol. 3. 415-422. 139. Genetic relationships of the paragenesis A1,SiO,-lazulite-rutile. Ark. hffner. Geol. 3.

140. The supposed meteorite fall at Karlstad (“Carlstadt”) in Sweden, 1822. Ark. Miner. Geol. 3, 405-466.. 141. The Precambrian of Sweden. The Precam- brian. Vol. I (K. Rankama, ed.), 81-143. Interscience Publ., New York, London & Sydney.

1964. 142. On the origin of the Falun type of sulfide mineralization. Geol. Foren. Stockh. F6rh. 86,

143. The mineral attakolite. Together with 0. Gabrielson. Ark. hfiner. Geol. 3, 537-543.

1965. 144. Karl Esaias Sahhtram. Geol. Foren. Slockh.

145. Types of sulfide mineralization . and associated wall-rock alteration in the bster-

423-464.

3-27.

F&h. 86. 5 15-5 19.

Silvberg district, Central Sweden. Srer. Geol. Unders. C 603, 32 pp.

1966. 146. Cvkeltinkandet och granitproblemen (The Cycle Concept and the Granite Problems). Geol. Foren. Stockk. F6rh. 87. 455-484.

1967. 147. The Precambrian quartzite in the Norberg district, Central Sweden, and its iron-sand bed. Srer. Geol. Unders. C 619, 36 pp. 148. Internal features of the apatite-bearing

magnetite ores. Srer. Geol. Unders. C624.32 pp. 1968. 149. Problemen kring malmbrottstyckena i

Kirunas hPngvHggsporfyr. Sser. Geol. Unden. C 629, 34 pp.

1971. 150. Sulfidic “ball ores” and the pebble dikes. Srer. Geol. Unders. C 662, 29 pp.

1974. I5 1. The emplacement of the Kiruna iron ores and related deposits. Together with O.H. odman. Srer. Geol. Unders. C 700. 48 pp.

N.-H. Magnussort 1918. 1. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der optischen

Eigenschaften der Olivingruppe. Geol. F6ren. Stockh. F6rh. 40, 601-626.

1920. 2. De basiska monzonitbergarterna vid sj6n Smalingen i Dalarna (The Basic Monzonite Rocks at Lake Smalingen in Dalarna). No English summary. Geol. Foren. Stockh. F6rh. 42,

1921. 3. Om de syatigrafiska och tektoniska fdrhillandena mom Filipstads bergslag (Stratigraphy and Tectonics in the Filipstad Ore Region). No English summary. Geol. Foren. Stockh. F6rh. 43, 537-546.

1922. 4. Beskrivning till kartbladet Mjalby (Description of the Mjiilby Map Sheet). Sser. Geol. Unders. Aa 150. 5-31,41.

1923. 5. The alkaline rocks of Siksjcberget and EkorrHsen in SPrna. Geol. Foren. Stockh. F6rh.

1924. 6. Lingbansmineralen fran geologisk synpunkt. Geol. Foren. Stockh. F&h. 46, 284-300. 7. Beskrivning till kartbladet StrasnPs (Descrip- tion of the StrflsnPs Map Sheet). Srer. Geol. Unders. Aa 154, 5-23.

1925.8. Persbergs malmtrakt och berggrunden i de cen- trala delama av Filipstads bergslag (Ores and Rock of the Central Parts of the Filipstad Ore District). Beskrirningar av minerafindigheter, nr 2. Kungl. Kommerskollegium. 1-23 1. 9. Om Persberastraktens bidrae till de

4 13-435.

45, 295-334.

malmgenetiska proTblemens laming. Geol. Faren. Stockh. F6rh. 47. 357-361.

1926. 10. Mullmalmer i svenska jlrngruvor. Together with P. Geijer. (Summary: The Occurrence of “Soft Ores” in Swedish Iron Mines.) Srer. Geol. Unders. C 338. 1-53. 11. Sametraktens berggrund. Geol. Foren. Stockh. F6rh. 48, 118-122, 125-126.

1928. 12. Aktuella problem frib VPrmlands gnejsurberg. Geol. Foren. Stockh. F6rh. 50, 810-812. 13. Beskrivning till kartbladet Filipstad (Descrip- tion of the FiliDstad MaD Sheet). srer. Geol. . - , &ders. Aa 16s 5-70.-

1929. 14. Beskrivnhg till kartbladet Nyed. Together with G. Assarsson. (Description of the Nyed Map SheetJSrer. Geol. Unders. Aa 144, 109 pp. 15. Beskrivning till kartbladet SPme (Description of the Same Map Sheet). Sser. Geol. Unders. Aa

16. GillbergaskHlens byggnad (Summary: The Gillberga Syncline). Srer. Geol. Unders. C 360,

17. Nordmarks malmtrakt (Summary: The Iron and Manganese Ores of the Nordmark District). Srer. Geol. Unders. Ca 13. 98 pp.

1930. 18. Iakttagelser angHende mineralens paragenes och succession i Kaveltorp (Summary: Obser-

167. 5-38.

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vations on the Paragenesis and Succession of the Skarn Minerals at Kaveltorp). Geol. F6ren. Stockh. F6rh. 52. 407416.

1931. 19. Om Lingbansmineralens genesis. Geol. F6ren. Stockh. F6rh. 53, 219-221.

1932. 20. Om metamorfosen i det mellansvenska urberget. Geol. F6ren. Stockh. F6rh. 54.65-88.

1932. 21. Beskrivning till kartbladet Nya Kopparberget (Dqcription of the Nya Kopparberget Map Sheet). Srer. Geol. Unders. Aa 175. 5-44.

1933. 22. Det mellansvenska urbergets Hldersschema. Geol. F6ren. Stockh. F6rh. 55, 612-622.

1933. 23. Beskrivning av kartbladet Grhngesberg (Description of the Griingesberg Map Sheet). Srer. Geol. Unders. Aa 177. 5-63. 24. Beskrivning av kartbladet Karlstad (Descrip- tion of the Karlstad Map Sheet). Sver. Geol. Unders. Aa 174, 5-54.

1934. 25. Niara ildersl"orhHl1anden inom det mellansveriska urberget. Geol. F6ren. Stockh. F6rh. 56, 65-76. 26. AldcrsftirhHllandena inom det svdsvenska urberget. Geol. F6ren. Stockh. h h . 56.

27. Stratigrali och tektonik i NorbergsWtet. Geol. F6ren. Stockh. F6rh. 56, 370-371. 28. Berggrundsproblemen inom Kantorps maIm- trakt..Geol. F6ren. Stockh. F6rh. S6, 654-658. 29. Upplysningar till geologisk iiversiktskarta 6ver Noiden. mill. (Information on the Geological Map of the Nordic Countries). Together with A. Gavelin. Globen. 3 1-34.

1935. 30. Metamorfosliiran kontra den magmatiska teorien. Geol. F6ren. Stockh. F6rh. 57,347-352.

1936. 31. Om cykelindelningen i det svenska urberget. Geol. F6ren. Stockh. F6rh. 58, 102-108. 32. The evolution of the lower Archaean Rocks in Central Sweden and their iron manganese and sulphide ores. Q. J. Geol. SOC. Lond. XCII,

33. Berggrunden inom Kantorps malmtrakt (Summary: The Veined Gneisses of the Kantorp Ore District). Sver. Geol. Unders. C 401. 88 pp. 34. A short comparison between the evolution of the Svecofennides in Finland and central Sweden. Bull. Comm. Giol. Finl. 115, 179-183.

1937. 35. Den centralvhliindska mylonitzonen och dess fortsfttning i Norge (The Mylonite Zone in Central Viirmland and its Extension in Norway). Geol. F6ren. Stockh. F6rh. 59. 205-228. 36. Die Granitisationstheorie und deren Anwen- dung f i r svionische Granite und Gneise Mittelschwedens. Geol. F6ren. Stockh. F6rh. 59. 525-547. 37. Beskrivning till kartbladet Forshaga (Description of the Forshaga Map Sheet). Srer. Geol. Unders. Aa 179. 5-49.

1938. 38. Die Genesis der Svionischen Granite. Geol. F6ren. Stockh. F6rh. 60, 285-316. 39. Neue Untersuchungen innerhalb des Gringesbergsfeldes. Srer. Geol. Unders. C 418.

1939.40. Alvar Hiigbom. Minnesteckning. Geol. F6ren. Stockh. F6i.h. 61, 497-508. 41. NHgra huvuddrag i Viirmlands och Dals geologiska historia. Nationen och Hembygden 11. 132-140. Uppsala. 42. De meIlansvenska jiirnmdmernas om- vandlingar i belysning av den geologiska utvecklingen i svionisk tid. Tek. Tidskr. Stockh. 69 Bergnet., 57-62, 69-72.

364-365.

332-359.

44 PP.

1940.43. Ljusnarsbergs malmtrakttSurnmary: Geology and Ore Deposits of Ljusnarsberg). Srer. Geol. Unders. ca 30, 188 pp. 44. Herriingsfaltet och dess jiirnmalmer (Sum- mary: The Her rhg Field and its Iron Ores). Srer. Geol. Unders. C 431, 78 pp.

194 1. 45. Sensvioniska glimmerskiffer-, skarn- och sul- lidmalmsbildningar. Geol. F6ren. Stockh. F6rh.

46. Sveriges gruvor och malmWt. Stockholm, ndens kalender, 4 1-5 1. 47. Bergslagens roll i v i r malrnfirstirjning. Blad Bergshandl. Vrinn. Orebro 25. 168- 175.

1944. 48. De mellansvenska jiirnmalmernas geologi (Geology of the Iron Ores of Central Sweden). Together with P. Geijer. Srer. Geol. Unders. Ca 35. 654 pp.

1946. 49. Den svenska urbergsforskningen under de senaste tjugofem hen. Geol. F6ren. Stockh. F6rh. 68, 171-200. 50. Om de stora iiverskjutningarna i det svenska urberget och en blockindelning av detsamma. Geol. F6ren. Stockh. F6rh. 68, 484-485.

1951. 5 1. Sveriges tillgingar av icke-metalliska mineralrihnen. hfedd. Sren. Grurfiren. 56,

1952. 52. Geological history of the iron ores of Central Sweden. Together with P. Geijer. Int. Giol. Congr. 18th Sess. Great Britain 1948. Rep. PI.

53. The iron ores of Sweden. Together with P. Geijer. Les gisements de fer du monde 11. Int. Giol. Confr. 19th Sess.. Algiers 19S2.477-499. 54. Undersiikning av de mellansvenska sullid- malmerna Stat. Natumetensk. Forsknlngsrcids

55. Sveriges och iivriga nordiska linders tillgangar av legeringsmetallernas malmer. Filipstad. Vrirmlindska Bergsmannaflren. Ann.

1953. 56. Malmgeologi (Ore Geology). Jernkontoret, Stockholm, 439 pp. 57. Dalslands geologiska historia. Natur I Dalsland. Uppsala. I 3-27. 58. Bergtryck och bergstyrka. IVA Medd. FKO nr 14. 6 pp. 59. The formation of reaction skarn in iron ores of Central Sweden. Proc. Int. Symp. on theleac- tivity of Solids, Gothenburg 1952. 427-430. 60. Sveriges Geologiska Undersiiknings borr- ningar ener salt och olja. IVA 24 1953:1,27-33. 61. Sveriges geologiska undersokning i niiringslivets tjiinst. IVA 24 1953:5. 194-202.

1954. 62. Viirmlands geologiska historia. Natur f Vrirmland, Uppsala, I5 -3 7.

1956. 63. Malmreserverna mHste inventeras. "Jorden, Skogen, hfalmen och Vattenkrqtlen i hforgon- dagens Norrbotten". F8reningen Norrbottens frinQande, 151-169. 64. Sveriges geologiska undersiiknings malm- och oljeletning. Virmlands Bergsmannajaen.

Ann., Filipstad, 13-40. 1958. 65. Norbergstraktens berggrund och malmfyn-

digheter. Norberg genom 600 dr. 11-56. 1960. 66. Mellansvenska j h - och sullidmalmsgruvor.

Geol. F6ren. Stockh. F6rh. 82, 158-160. 67. The stratigraphy of the Pre-Cambrian of Sweden outside the Caledonian mountains. Rep. Int. G o / . Congr. Norden 21th Sess. Part IX,

68. Iron and sulfide ores of Central Sweden.

63.236-238.

1-36.

13.84-89.

drsb. 1950-51, 122-125.

1952. 14-37.

133- 140.

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Guide to excursions A26 and C21. Int. Glol. Congr. Norden 21th session, 48 pp. 69. The Swedish Precambrian outside the Caledonian Mountain Chain (in the description to accompany the map of the Pre-Quaternary rocks of Sweden). Sver. Geol. Unders. Ba 16,

70. Age Determinations of Swedish Precambrian rocks. Geol. F6ren. Stockh. F6rh. 82,407432.

1961. 71. Nya Udersbesthningar i Sveriges Zldsta berggrund. Geol. F6ren. Stockh. F6rh. 83.

72. Thirty years' discussions on the origin of the late Svecofennian veined gneisses in Central Sweden. Bull. Comm. Giol. Finl. 33, 25 1-265. 73. Mellersta Sveriges jirnmalmstillgAngar. Jernkont. Ann. 145.

1962. 74. De prekambriska bergarterna utaflor fjiill- kedjan. Sveriges alkalina bergarter. Sver. Geol. Unders. Ba 16.5-1 12.

1963. 75. Sveriges geologi (Geology of Sweden). 4th ed. together with G. Lundqvist and G. RegnCll. 1936 ed. together with E Granlund 1949 and 1957 eds. together with E. Granlund and G. Lundqvist.

1965. 76. Behandlingen av de prekambriska bildnhgar- na i boken Berg ochjord i Sverige. Geol. F6ren. Sfockh. F6rh. 87. 390-400. 77. Vorkommen und Genae itabiritischer

5-68.

219-220.

Eisenerre in Schweden. Schrflen der Gesell- schsfr Deutsches Metallhtitten und Berglaute: Diskussionstagung w m 28 Februar bis 2 M a n 1962 in WCrzburg. Clausthal- Zellerfeld. 78. Precambrian history of Sweden. QJ. Geol. Soc. Lond. 121. 1-30.

1966. 79. Die Mittelschwedischen Eisenerte und ihre Skarnmineralien. Fortschr. Min. 43, 47-76.

1968.80. Altersschema des Prtikambrium in Schweden. Z. Dtsch. Geol. Ges. 117 1965, 599-619.

1969. 81. The origin of the iron ores in Central Sweden and the history of their alterations. Sver. Geol. Unders. C 643. 1-364.

1970. 82. Stratigraft och tektonik. Atlas 6ver Sverige, 5-6:2. AB Kartogr. Inst. Esselte, Stockholm.

1973.83. hfalm i Sverige 1. S6dra och mellersta Sverige (Ore in Sweden 1. Southern and Central Sweden). Almqvist & Wiksell, Stockholm & Uppsala. 320 PP. 84. hfalm i Srerige 2. Norra Sverige (Ore in Sweden 2. Northern Sweden. Manganese Ore in the Pre-Cambrian of Norrbotten). Manganmalm i Norrbottens urberg, 144-145. 85. hfalm I Snrige 2. Tironmalm i norra och mellersta Norrland (Ore in Sweden 2. Northern Sweden. Titanium Ore in Northern and Central Norrland). 274-276. Together with R. Frietsch. Almqvist & Wiksell. Stockholm & Uppsala.

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