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is study, e. While s remain 0. Small iting the dings, in s of the sentative

telephonMissour

Keywo

1. Intro

Immigrpoliticiaresidentpublic rglasses (Martinimmigr2001). internattheoretipaper epublic oDrawindetailedwhile imattitudinand thei

Public oover theand citiimmigrissues, to law represenwhile oactivismclear inimmigr

Over thattentioHowevealways individu2006). City) a

ne survey ri residents

rds: immig

oduction

ration has lans remind ts are oftenresources. T

while exhn, 2003, p. ation in puThe tensi

tional migrically and eextends the opinion in a

ng on data fd analysis ommigrationnal ambivalir children.

opinion rege past decaizenship, theation arenaincluding eenforcemennts the devother have m emergingn both accouant incorpo

he past decon, particulaer, the conn

clear. Furual states mAlthough Mand numer

of Missourperceived i

gration, publ

ong been aaudiences

n portrayed This tendencibiting con132) is wi

ublic pollinon betweeration to thempirically growing lita non-traditfrom a repreof public atn remains llence amon

garding immade. While tere has been. State goveverything fnt-related b

volution of noted that

g in responsunts is the

oration and m

cade, state arly Arizonanection betwrthermore,

may significaMissouri is rous smalle

ri residents immigrants

lic opinion,

a contested that the Unin public m

cy of lookinncern about idely reflecng (Harwooen these twhe United rigorous st

terature on tional immiesentative sttitudes towow on the g responden

migration, athe federal n a widesprernments hafrom driver’bills (NCLSpower frommany sub-

se to place-increasingl

membership

laws govea’s legislatiween publicthe specif

antly influenhome to tw

er municip

In

56

over the aas sharing t

Missouri

issue in thnited Statesmedia as a ng “to earlie the absorp

cted in attitod, 1986; Cwo perspec

States in tudies of puattitudes to

igration dessurvey of reward immig

list of polnts creates

at the state lgovernmen

read move tave passed ’s licenses tS, 2013). Som the federa-national po-based contly importanp (Ellis & A

erning immion, which wc attitudes tfic historicnce attitudewo major mpalities wit

nternational J

age of 18 their values

he United Ss is a nationthreat to so

er waves of ption of cutudinal ambC. Suárez-Octives, comthe post-1

ublic attitudoward immistination staesidents in Mgration-relatlitical priorisome instan

level, has bnt holds pletoward statelaws and reto ‘English-ome scholaal governmolicy effortstexts (Walk

nt role that Almgren, 20

migration hawas partialltoward immal, social,

es toward immetropolitanth growing

Journal of So

h

(n=800), ws on importa

States (Highn of immigocial cohesmigrants th

urrent and fbivalence abOrozco & Mmbined wit1965 era, cdes toward gration thro

ate (Hood IIMissouri, thed issues. Wities from mnces of supp

become increnary powere and local iesolutions a-only’ mandars have arg

ment to the s were inspker & Leitnstate policie

009).

ave gained ly overturne

migration anand geogr

mmigration n areas (St. g immigra


2014, Vol.

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we found thant issues.

ham, 1955)grants, foreision and a dhrough rosefuture imm

about contemM. Suárez-th high lecreate a n

d immigratioough an anaII & Morrishe paper proWe will argmany Missport for imm

reasingly imr over immintervention

addressing adates and edgued that thstates (Ellipired by grner, 2011). es play in t

widespreaded in federa

nd legislatioraphic cont(Portes & R Louis and

ant populat

Research 2327-5510

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hat most

). While ign-born drain on

e colored migrants”

mporary -Orozco, evels of need for on. This alysis of s, 1997). ovides a gue that sourians, migrants

mportant migration ns in the a host of ducation his shift s 2006), rassroots What is terms of

d media al court. on is not texts of

Rumbaut, d Kansas tions, it

Figure 1

Figur

1. Foreign b

re 2. Numbe

In

57

born residen

er of immig

nternational J

nts by count

grants in Mi

Journal of So

h

y (2000)

ssouri


2014, Vol.

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Research 2327-5510

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does noU.S.-Mpopulatforeign-state’s pMeanwhave represencdetermiand (2)towards

The papimmigrdiscussiThe folareas odiscussi

2. Theo

Growindocumedecadesattitudepolicy. majoritystress thlevels (the factpublic adisciplindepartu

While immigrprevalenincludecompardemogris basedview…conditiounderstGroup

ot have thMexico Bord

tion has inc-born residpopulation i

while, despitepeatedly sce in Missoinates of att) to identifys immigratio

aper begins ation. We ion of the dllowing sectof support ion of the im

oretical Fra

ng immigranented and us. Because es toward im

National py of U.S. vohere have bSimon and tors that shattitudes townes, in this

ure for our o

noting the ation, Channt factors s ascribed

rison variabraphic variad on the “csuch as souons and/or ood to reprcomparison

he historicader, New creased 172

dents remainin the 2010e the limiteubmitted a

ouri. Our atitudes tow

fy potential on in Misso

with an ovthen provi

developmention outlinefor immig

mplications

amework

nt populatioundocumenlegal immigmmigrationublic opiniooters in favbeen times Lynch 1999

hape such wards immisection we

own efforts t

difficulty ndler and Tin the literd backgrobles. The fiables such ascommon asurce and ampersonal s

resent politins comprise

al tradition York, or

2% since 1ned relativeAmerican

d number ond even paim in this

ward immigrdisjuncture

ouri.

verview of ide a detailnt of this stues our key fgrant rights

of our find

ons in the Unted, will regration leve

n may, at tion polls, foor of greatewhen a ma9). Over theattitudes togration is doutline somto model att

of providTsai (2001)rature evaluund chara

first categors age, sex, asumption th

mount of insafety” (p. ical orientate the fourth

In

58

of immigreven neig

1980 and evely few in Community

of foreign-bassed legispaper is tw

ration in a es between

f the literatled accounudy as a Pafindings, inc in Missou

dings for pub

United Stateemain a coels are contimes, have or example,er levels of ajority of Ae past two dowards immdisparate in nme of the ketitudes towa

ding a unif) offer a uuating attituacteristics, ry, ascribedand race/ethhat individu

ncome, perc179). The tion (e.g., c

h category

nternational J

ration assohboring Illvery countynumber, c

y Survey Esorn residentlation seekwofold: (1) non-traditiostate-level

ture on detent of our rearticipant Acluding a duri. The pblic policy i

s ensure thaontentious ptrolled by thsignificant

, show that immigratio

Americans wdecades, nummigration. Wnature and h

ey themes frards immigr

fied theory useful typoludes toward

self-intered backgrounhnicity. Theuals pursueceived effec

third categconservativeand refer to

Journal of So

h

ociated withlinois. Why had an imomprising stimates (Sets in Missou

king to restto extend

onal immigpolicies an

erminants oesearch mection Resea

discussion oaper concluin Missouri

at immigratpolitical isshe federal gimplicationwhile there

on, during pwanted to rmerous stud

While the rhas evolvedrom recent sration in Mi

of public logy for ord immigratest, ideolond characte second cat

e self-interects of policgory, ideole, liberal, oo collective


2014, Vol.

http://ijssr.macr

h states alhile the immmigrant ia mere 4%

ee Figures 1uri, state legtrict the im

our knowlgrant gatewaand public a

of attitudesethods, inclarch (PAR) of several imudes with i.

tion, includisue in the governmentns for imm

re has neverperiods of ecreduce immdies have exrecent literad across a vastudies as a issouri.

c attitudes rganizing thtion. Their ogies, and eristics, foctegory, self-est in formicies upon eclogies, is gor party affie identities

Research 2327-5510

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ong the mmigrant in 2000,

% of the 1 and 2). gislators

mmigrant ledge of ay state, attitudes

s toward luding a project.

mportant a short

ing both coming

t, public migration r been a conomic

migration xamined ature on ariety of point of

towards he most schema

group cuses on -interest, ing their conomic

generally iliation). such as

nationaperceivkey facgeograpstudies,attituderecent ldiversitneatly w

2.1 Asc

Ascribeincorpoamong Hood IIacross sweak inResearctenuoushave pocase of labor meffect osex playLikewisEspenshbetweenthe Natwant toassociatimportanegativto holdopinioncomparquestionlikely tattitude(Binder

2.2 Self

Self-inteattitude

lity, or memed cultural

ctor in shapphy as an ad, but this hes towards literature onty of the litwithin the b

ribed Backg

ed Backgroorated into s

the generalII & Morrisscope of thnfluence on chers have hs positions iositive attituf women [thmarket positiof gender” (pys a significse, the cohade and Hn age and ational Geneo decrease nted with shant role. Onely affected

d more negn polls, Diamrison to whins on the eto be restries toward ir et al., 1997

f-Interest an

erest represes towards

mbership inthreat. Eduing group cdditional vahas generallimmigration public opterature and

boundaries o

ground The

ound Charastudies seekl public (Ess, 1997). Hohe recent lit

larger pattehypothesizein the work

udes towardheir lack of ions, thoughp. 306). Othcant role in onnection bHempstead’attitudes. Hoeral Social Snumber of lhaping attine hypothed by labor fogative attitumond (1998ites, are lesseconomic coictionist in mmigrants,7; Lopez &

nd Ideology

sents a seconimmigratio

n a particulaucation is acomparisonariable grouply been an n. This typ

pinion around to recognof this struct

ory

acteristics iking to evaspenshade &owever, the terature. Agerns of attitued that indivk force or ind immigratiosupport forh most studhers find thshaping att

between ags (1996) anowever, ChSurvey (GSlegal admistudes, withsis suggestorce compe

udes toward8) offers ths likely to sosts associatheir view

primarily Pantoja, 20

Theory

nd area thatn. Econom

In

59

ar social nealso includens. Finally, fup. Geograp

under-valupology offend immigranize that soture.

including saluate the fo& Calhoun, predictive

ge, sex, andude formatividuals whon terms of pon. Wilkes er immigratiodies…provihat there is ltitudes towage and attnalysis of nhandler and SS) data thassions” (p. h relative lts that becaetition with nd immigranhe more comsupport restated with im

ws of immibased on

004; Pantoja

t researchermic self-inte

nternational J

etwork that d in the grofor the purphy has beenued factor iers a usefulation, but itome theorie

sex, age, aormation of, 1993; Esppower of in

d race/ethniion, though ose age, sexpersonal ecet al. (2008)on] has beende little in tittle indicatard immigratitudes townational scTsai (2001

at “older res181). Finallabor markause Africanew immig

nts. In an amplex findintrictive immmmigration,gration. Laa feeling o

a, 2006).

rs have examrest is mos

Journal of So

h

may influenoup comparposes of thin used as a rin assessingl roadmap t is also imes and appr

and race/ethf attitudes topenshade & ndividual chicity appearoverall the , or race/ethonomics m) note for exn linked to the way of tion in the eation (Chanward immiale data fo1) reported spondents [ly, race andet position n Americanrants, that th

analysis of ng that Afr

migration po, African Aatinos generof solidarity

mined in seest closely a


2014, Vol.

http://ijssr.macr

ence an indirison categis research,referent in pg the formfor organiz

mportant to roaches do

hnicity areoward imm

& Hempsteadharacteristicr to have refindings ar

hnicity putsmay be less l

xample, thatheir more explanation

extant literandler & Tsaiigration is ound no cor

in their ana[are] more ld ethnicity

n again plans are likelthey are mo

a series orican Ameriolicies. HowAmericans a

rally hold y with imm

eking to undassociated w

Research 2327-5510

2, No. 2

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ividual’s ory as a we add previous

mation of zing the note the not fall

widely migration d, 1996; cs varies elatively re mixed. them in

likely to at “in the

tenuous n for the ture that i, 2001).

mixed. rrelation alysis of likely to are also

aying an ly to be re likely f public icans, in

wever, in are more positive

migrants

derstand with the

labor msociety rationalsignificthe socicompetsimilar Scheve less-skithe Unilong nomore reevaluatilabor fsuggeststronger

The infin this conservimmigrattitude1997; S

2.3 Gro

Group immigrbetweenGroup immigrsize of Quillianby the group rperceivtheoriestheoretiAsians.

The infthroughimmigrimmigrimmigr

market hypoand their r

l choice thecantly influeioeconomicition, becauto those ofand Slaugh

illed workerited States”oted the primecent studieions and res

force compts that otherr influence

fluence of idstudy we u

vatives or ation flows

es towards hSheve & Sla

oup Compar

Comparisoants are fon ethnic grocontact th

ants is base‘out group

n (1995) alseconomic s

relative to thed threat pos of group ical framew

fluence of h shared imant status, ation (Hauation, found

othesis, whrelative seneory by suggence their atc ladder are use low skilf today’s nehter (2001) rs are “sign

” (p. 135). Hmacy of ec

es have founstrictive sen

petition andr factors inon attitude

deologies onuse straight-

republicans, while libhigher levelsaughter, 200

rison Theory

ons providrmed. Theo

oups that mheory (Blumed on interacps’ (i.e., imso found susituation fache dominanosed by the contact and

works offer a

inter-groupmmigrant st

for exampubert & Fud that “peop

ich in turnnse of econogesting thatttitudes towassumed to

l and low wew immigraexamine th

nificantly mHowever, Ponomic connd a weak cntiments” (pd restrictioncluding groformation (

n attitudes t-forward qun-leaning inberal or dems of immigr

01).

ry

de importanories of gro

may significamer, 1958;ctions betw

mmigrants) upport for twced by the nt group” ansubordinated group thra valid analy

p comparisotatus, unionple, is ofteussell, 2006ple with a n

In

60

n is based oomic securit an individ

ward immigro be most s

wage native ants” (Espenhe labor ma

more likely tPantoja (200nditions in connection p. 519). Thunist attitudeoup dynami(Hainmuelle

toward immuestions abondividuals mocrat-leanration (Espe

nt insights oup contactantly influen Quillian,

ween groupsmay lead two group tdominant g

nd (2) “indie group is great are notysis of race

ons may aln membershen a strong6). Wilkes non-majorit

nternational J

on an indivity. The labdual’s econorants. Thususceptible tworkers havnshade & H

arket competo prefer lim06) notes thunderlying between pe

us, while rees toward ics and deeer & Hiscox

migration isout politica

are more ning voters enshade & H

into the t and groupnce overall 1995) sug

, and that chto higher lethreat hypotgroup and bividual-leve

greater” (p. 5t necessaril

e relations o

lso be seenhip, and ed

g predictor et al. (200

ty first langu

Journal of So

h

vidual’s ecobor market omic stabili, “job holdeto these formve occupati

Hempstead, etition hypotmiting immhat “althoug

attitudes toersonal and searchers haimmigratioply held attx, 2007).

often difficl affiliation

likely totend to ha

Hempstead,

ways thatp threat higattitudes to

ggests that hanges in thevels of prtheses: (1) “by the size el prejudice592). Dixonly incompatof whites tow

n in other cducational

of positiv08), in a suage hold m


2014, Vol.

http://ijssr.macr

onomic poshypothesis

ity and incoers at the borms of laborional charac1996). Ecothesis and f

migrant inflogh researcheoward immid national ecave long as

on, recent titudes may

cult to evalun. In generao favor reave more fa, 1996; Citr

t attitudes ghlight inteoward immi

prejudice he composirejudice in “is influencof the sub

e emerges wn (2006) argtible becauward Hispa

contexts, inattainment.

ve attitudes study of Cmuch more

Research 2327-5510

2, No. 2

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sition in follows

ome will ottom of r market cteristics onomists find that ows into ers have igration, conomic sociated findings

y have a

uate, but al terms, stricting avorable rin et al.,

toward eractions igration.

against tion and society.

ced both ordinate

when the gues that se these nics and

ncluding Recent toward

Canadian positive

attitudeties to attitude

Likewishas recperceivwages, focus onimmigrunion mimmigr

Educatiaround strong rCalhouneducatioimmigrmarket doing jHainmueconompowerfuidentityHubert is a strcompletperspec

In summdemogrquantitybase foresearchan effoimmigr

3. Rese

Missournumeroresponsand theUniversAfter w

es about immthe ‘recent

es.

se, union mceived mined as suppobut over then fighting lant workermembershipation.

ion is anothimmigratio

relationshipn, 1993; Con tend toants. Numetheories (i.obs that br

ueller and Hmic self-inteully associa

y than theyand Fussellrong predicted a colleg

ctive, which

mary, attituraphic charay of interactor exploringh in this paort to betteation gatew

earch Quest

ri legislatorous bills bese to this ane Service Emsity to eval

working tog

migration thimmigrant

membership nimal attentorting limite past severiberal immis (Haus, 19p may also

her key grouon (Scheve &p between edCitrin et al.

display loerous studie.e., individuring them Hiscox (200erest, findiated with cuy do with l (2006), in ctor of proge degree a

h in turn is a

udes towardacteristics ttions with ig factors thaper contribuer understan

way state.

tion and M

rs, despite etween 2006nti-immigratmployees Uuate the po

gether for a

han do memout-group’

may influetion in theations on imral decades,igration pol995). Such o play a r

up comparis& Slaughteducation lev, 1997). In

ower levelses have utiliuals who hainto compe

07), howeveing that “aultural valueconcerns abcontrast, su

o-immigranand have livassociated w

d immigratto the comimmigrants hat shape autes to the nd public

Methodology

the small s6 and the ttion effort, M

Union Internotential for

year on th

In

61

mbers of th’ increases

ence attitudee literaturemmigration some unionlicies and haefforts to o

role in sha

son with strer, 2001). Thvel and attitn general ts of prejudized educatave fewer yetition wither, challenganti-immigres that have

about persouggest that ent attitudes.ved abroad

with a positi

tion are shamposition of

on a daily attitudes togrowing anattitudes to

y

size of the time that tMissouri Imnational (SEa “Welcom

he “Welcom

nternational J

e majority the likeliho

es towards e. Labor unn in a state-ns in the Unave chosen organize imaping union

rong implicahe extant retudes towarterms, indivdice and mtion level ayears of ed

h recent imge the connrant sentime more to donal, economeducation p. They find

d are more lve attitude t

aped by facf personal nbasis. The ward immi

nd diverse loward imm

immigrant his research

mmigrant anEIU) of Misming Missoming Missou

Journal of So

h

group” (p. ood of hold

immigrantsnions havecentric effonited States to focus ins

mmigrant won members

ations for atesearch suggrd immigratviduals with

more positivs a proxy f

ducation aremmigrants innection betw

ments appeao with concmic circumlus a cosmod that indilikely to hatoward imm

ctors ranginnetworks anexisting liteigration foriterature on

migration in

populationh was cond

nd Refugee Assouri approuri” initiatiuri” initiativ


2014, Vol.

http://ijssr.macr

324). Thusding pro-im

s, despite the historicalort to ensurs have chosestead on org

workers suggs’ attitudes

ttitudinal fogests a contion (Espenth higher leve attitudesfor measurine more liken the work

ween educatar to be faceptions of

mstances” (popolitan woividuals whave a cosm

migration.

ng from inand the quaerature offer Missourian public attin a non-tra

n in the staducted in 2Advocates oached Sainive for immve we deve

Research 2327-5510

2, No. 2

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, having mmigrant

he fact it ly been e higher en not to ganizing gest that

toward

ormation sistently shade & evels of

toward ng labor ly to be

k force). tion and ar more national p. 437). rld view ho have

mopolitan

ndividual ality and rs a rich

ans. Our itudes in aditional

ate, filed 2010. In (MIRA) nt Louis

migrants. eloped a

researchthe projtoward Survey cross-seapproprcompletresearchwere coThis sampackage

The resimmigrto immiview ofresults positivethat thedependenegativstatisticEquatio

Using Emodel timmigrModel 4

To reduused a fSocial Americfolloweto do (mpays tawere: d(mean=(mean=state lacitizen osuch as

h design thject was deimmigratio(henceforth

ectional surriate for Mte the survh team conconducted dumple produe called SA

search was ants? (2) Hoigrants or uf immigrantfrom the foe role that ie majority ent was dee effect on

cal method ton 1:

Equation 1,that includeants. Mode4 estimated

uce the numfactor analyJustice; an

can Values ed by wantsmean=2.86)axes (mean=deny social s=3.26), prov=3.21). The aw enforcemor legal res

s grass being

hat includedsigned to p

on in Missoh MIRAPOrvey designissouri, and

vey. Given cluded that uring the m

uced a margS.

driven by ow does the

unions? (3) Its related to

our questionmmigrants of individu

erived fromMissouri?

to use to an

, we compued demograpel 3 estimatd all the vari

mber of indeysis. Three nd (3) Ariz

factor we to become ), loyal to A=2.30). Theservices forvide access variables th

ment officersident wheng too high o

d qualitativerovide scienouri. The n

OS). The resn. The resead only indithe immedour sample

month of Ocgin of error

four queste view of imIs the view o the anti-imns to build aplay in Mis

uals would m the quest

Given that swer these q

^

p =

uted four lophic variablted three sciables in Mo

ependent varfactors wer

zona Principre: have gU.S. citizen

America (mee variables r immigrant

to public ehat highly crs should ben they issue or unlicense

In

62

e and quantntific evide

name of thesearch desiarch team aividuals 18 diate naturee size shouctober 2010+- 3.5%. T

tions: (1) Dmmigrants rof immigra

mmigrant ba marketingssouri. The

report negtion, Do yothe options

questions w

0 1 1

0 1 11

X

X

e

e

β β

β β

+

++

ogistic regrles. Model caled policyodel 1, 2, an

riables in thre identifiedples. The v

good familyns (mean=2ean=2.67), that highly

t children (meducation (contributed e required a citation fed vehicles

nternational J

titative methence to more survey wign for MIRagreed that years old

e of the suld be about0. The final

The analysis

Do Missourrelate to indiants related till in Arizo

g campaign general fee

gative attituou think ims for a resp

was logistic

ression mod2 estimated

y variables nd 3.

he model and as significvariables thy values w2.94), workswants to le

y contributemean=2.56)mean=3.31to the Arizoto determin

for a violatipresent in t

Journal of So

h

hods. The qre accuratelyas the MIRRAPOS woa three cal

or older wourvey resultt 800 indivil sample wawas perfor

rians have ividuals whto social jus

ona? MIRA to educate

eling of the udes towardmmigrants honse was yregression,

dels. Moded the familiacreated usi

nd reduce mcant: (1) Amhat highly

was ranked s at jobs Amarn English

ed to the So, provide ac), and provona Principne whether ion of municthe drivewa


2014, Vol.

http://ijssr.macr

quantitativey measure aRA Public ould be basll design w

would be elits and budiduals. The

was 800 indirmed in a st

a positive ho have famstice? and (planned to

the state abe research ted immigranhave a pos

yes and no, which is de

el 1 was a al and unioing factor a

multicollineamerican Valcontributedfirst (mea

mericans doh (mean=2.ocial Justicccess to heavide in stateple factor: lo

a person iscipal buildi

ay (mean=3

Research 2327-5510

2, No. 2

rothink.org

e part of attitudes Opinion ed on a

would be igible to dget, the

surveys ividuals. tatistical

view of milial ties

4) Is the o use the bout the eam was nts. Our sitive or the best

efined in

(1)

baseline n ties to analysis.

arity, we lues; (2) d to the an=3.13) n’t want 57), and

ce factor alth care e tuition ocal and s a U.S. ing code .43) and

local ana U.S. ccommis

Table 1

Variable

Q8

Q9

Q10

Q11

Q12

Q13

Q35

Q36

Q37

Q38

Q44

Q45

* These que

Source: 201

nd state lawcitizen or lession of a cr

. Variables

Lab

Have Good Fam

Works at Jobs AWant To Do

Pay Taxes

Loyal to Americ

Wants to Becom

Wants to Learn E

Denying sociachildren of immright

Children of immigrants desaccess to health

Children of immigrants desaccess to public

Undocumented students who hain Missouri foyears have a righin-state tuition wstate universities

Local and enforcement offrequired to deterperson is a U.S. resident when citation for amunicipal buildigrass being unlicensed vehithe driveway

Local and enforcement offrequired to deterperson is a U.S. resident when thperson as witnesto the commissio

Eigenvalue

estions were reve

10 MIRA Public

w enforcemeegal residenrime (mean=

that contrib

bel

mily Values

Americans Don’t

ca

me U.S. Citizens

English

al services to migrants is all

undocumented serve to have care

undocumented serve to have education

immigrant ave been living or more many ht to be charged

when they attend s

state law ficers should be rmine whether a citizen or legal they issue a

a violation of ing code such as too high or

icles present in

state law ficers should be rmine whether a citizen or legal

hey question the ss, not a suspect, on of a crime

ersed coded

Opinion Survey,

ent officers nt when they=3.47) (See

buted to Fac

Scale

4= Very Well; 1=Not At All






5=Strongly Agree 1

=Strongly Disagree*

5=Strongly Agree; 1

=Strongly Disagree

5=Strongly Agree; 1

=Strongly Disagree

5=Strongly Agree; 1

=Strongly Disagree

5=Strongly Agree 1

=Strongly Disagree*

5=Strongly Agree 1

=Strongly Disagree*

Table Created by

In

63

should be ry question the Table 1).

ctors 1, 2, an

Mean Std Dev

3.13 0.77

2.86 0.97

2.30 1.00

2.67 0.96

2.94 0.95

2.57 1.04

2.56 1.27

3.26 1.28

3.31 1.31

3.21 1.35

3.43 1.38

3.47 1.35

y Authors

nternational J

required to he person a

nd 3

Minimum M

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

Journal of So

h

determine was witness, n

MaximumFacto

LoaSc

4 0.

4 0.

4 0.

4 0.

4 0.

4 0.

5

5

5

5

5

5

4.


2014, Vol.

http://ijssr.macr

whether a pnot a suspec

or One ading core

Factor Two

LoadingScore

.64

.46

.70

.74

.77

.75

0.48

0.68

0.69

0.74

.07 1.40

Research 2327-5510

2, No. 2

rothink.org

person is ct, to the

g

Factor Three

Loading Score

0.83

0.83

1.21

4. Find

Eight-hForty-eten resppercent college themselclassifiefrom thKansas were anthey weTable 2

Table 2

Dependent

Satisfaction

Independe

Age

Male

Female

White

Black

Other

No High Sc

High Schoo

Some Colle

Collage Gra

Post Collag

Democrat

Republican

Independen

Saint Louis

Kansas City

Other MSA

Immigrant

Union Tie

Source: 201

Accordterms o

dings

hundred Misight percenpondents w

of the respdegree (26

lves as indeed themselv

he Saint LouCity metro

n immigranere a memb2).

2. Definition

t Variable

n

ent Variables

chool Diploma

ol Graduate

ege

aduate

ge Graduate

n

nt

s

y

A

Tie

10 MIRA Public

ing to MIRof importan

ssourians ovnt of the reswere white (pondents di6%) or posependent or ves as Repuuis metropoopolitan statnt or had a ber of a unio

n of key var

Definitio

Do you t

Yes

No

Definitio

Age of th

Respond

Respond

Respond

Respond

Respond

Respond

Respond

Respond

Respond

Respond

Respond

Respond

Respond

Respond

Respond

Respond

Respond

Respond

Opinion Survey,

RAPOS, Immnce (See Ta

ver 18 particspondents w(82%), 7% id not compst college e

other (50%ublican. Abolitan statisttistical areafamily memon or had a

riables used

on

think immigrants

on

he respondent

dent is Male

dent if Female

dent is White

dent is Black

dent is Other

dent has no High

dent has a High Sc

dent has Some Co

dent has a College

dent has Post Coll

dent is a Democra

dent is a Republic

dent is an Indepen

dent lives in the S

dent lives in the K

dent lives in Other

dent has a family

dent has a family

Table Created by

migration wable 3). Th

In

64

cipated in Mwere male a

were blackplete high seducation (1%), 27% clasbout four outical area ana. Finally, 4mber that wa family me

in the logis

s have a positive o

School Diploma

chool Degree

ollege Education

e Graduate

lege Degree

at

can

ndent or Other

Saint Louis Metro

Kansas City Metro

er parts of Missou

Member that is a

member that is a

y Authors

was ranked he most imp

nternational J

MIRAPOS. Tand 52% wek, and 11%school. This14%). Half ssified themut of ten (3nd 18% of t44% of the rwas an immember that w

stic regressi

or negative effect

opolitan Statistica

opolitan Statistica

uri

an Immigrant

Member of the U

10th out ofportant pub

Journal of So

h

The averageere female.

% were of as compares of the resp

mselves as D38%) of thethe respondrespondents

migrant and was a memb

on models

t on Missouri?

al Area

al Area

Union

f 11th publiblic policy


2014, Vol.

http://ijssr.macr

e age was 5About eigh

another race to 40% thpondents cDemocrat, ae respondendents were fs reported t

d 41% reporber of a uni

P

P

ic policy ththeme repo

Research 2327-5510

2, No. 2

rothink.org

56 years. ht out of e. Seven at had a lassified and 23% nts were from the that they rted that ion (See

Percent

55%

45%

Mean

56.0

Percent

48%

52%

82%

7%

11%

7%

28%

25%

26%

14%

27%

23%

50%

38%

18%

44%

44%

41%

hemes in orted by

MissourSecurityimmigrrespondimmigr

Table 3

V

So

The logunion tresults p=.001)familialp=.022)social juwere fivAmericPrincipl4 improand 13.

rians was y and Retiration was

dents had a ants.

. The rank o

Variable

Q2A The

Q2B Edu

Q2D SocReti

Q2I Terr

Q2F Hea

Q2K Gov

Q2E Mor

Q2J Crim

Q2C Tax

Q2H Imm

Q2G Mili

ource: 2010 MIRA

gistic regresties model; for the four), Republical tie variabl). In model ustice (b=.6ve significa

can values les (b=.958oved the pre2 percentag

the Economrement (me4.00. For positive vi

order of imp

Label

e Economy

ucation

ial Security and irement

rorism

alth Care

vernment Spendin

ral Values

me

xes

migration

itary Presence in

A Public Opinion

sion analys(3) policy

r models. Inan (b=-.526es were sig3, all three

619, p=<.00ant variable

(b=1.251, , p=<.001). ediction of oge points, fo

my (mean=ean=4.56), athe dependiew immigr

portance of

5=

5=

5=

5=

5=

ng 5=

5=

5=

5=

5=

Afghan 5=

n Survey, Table C

is was centethemes mo

n model 1, 6, p=.013), nificant: imthemes wer

01), and Aris: immigranp= <.001)Model 4 pr

our dependeor models 3,

In

65

=4.65) folloand Terrorident variablrants compa

f public poli

Scale

=Important; 1=NoImportant











Created by Author

ered on fouodel; and (4three variaand Saint L

mmigrant tiere significanizona princint tie (b=.8), social jurovided the ent by 34.5 , 1, 2, respe

nternational J

owed by Edism (mean=le, the resuared to 45%

icy issues

Mea

ot Very 4.65

ot Very 4.58

ot Very 4.56

ot Very 4.45

ot Very 4.43

ot Very 4.43

ot Very 4.35

ot Very 4.29

ot Very 4.24

ot Very 4.00

ot Very 3.77

rs

ur models: (14) the full

ables were sLouis (b=.5e (b=.716, pnt: Americaiples (b=.9921, p=.002)ustice (b=.best overalpercentagectively (See

Journal of So

h

ducation (m=4.45). Theults showed% that had

anStd Dev

Min

5 0.68

8 0.75

6 0.80

5 0.88

3 0.95

3 0.96

5 1.08

9 0.97

4 0.98

0 1.16

7 1.24

1) base modmodel. Tab

significant: 12, p=.009)=.000) and an values (b93, p=<.001), union tie 686, p=<.0l goodness points com

e Table 4).


2014, Vol.

http://ijssr.macr

mean=4.58)e mean rankd that 55%a negative

nimum Maxim

1 5

1 5

1 5

1 5

1 5

1 5

1 5

1 5

1 5

1 5

1 5

del; (2) famble 4 presenDemocrat (). In modelunion tie (b

b=1.296, p=). In model (b=-.580, p001), and fit statistics

mpared to 31

Research 2327-5510

2, No. 2

rothink.org

), Social king for

% of the view of

mum

milial and nted the (b=.751, l 2, both b=-.454,

= <.001), 4, there p=.028), Arizona

s. Model 1.7, 14.4,

Md

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0.

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2014, Vol.

http://ijssr.macr

Impr

ovem

ent i

n Pr

edic

tion

14.4

13

.2

31.7

34

.5

Som

ers'

D

0.39

0.

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6 0.

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ma

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Tau-

a 0.

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Research 2327-5510

2, No. 2

rothink.org

c 0.

695

0.58

5 0.

853

0.85

3

Sour

ce: 2

010

MIR

A P

ublic

Opi

nion

Sur

vey,

Tab

le C

reat

ed b

y A

utho

rs

5. Discu

This paimmigrhad prehold a nMissourresults a

First, wsignificRightlypositivesurprise

Secondof immimmigrimmigrupside ounion faof the iunion mthat theimmigrimmigr

Third, thad pospositivefact thacrucial

Fourth, researcharound respondimmigrlikely tocontriburegardin

Lastly, anti-immthe Arizto the st

ussion

aper offers vant state. Th

epared oursenegative virians held aabout the re

we were sucant once thy or wrongle image of e in the anal

, we found migrants. Re

ants were ants continor potential

familial tie wimages of

members woere was a neation. Unioants as a thr

the Americasitive imagee image of at the percepto any state

the findingh showed ththe idea o

dents strongants is all rio have a pouted to thisng support o

the finding migration tazona principtate.

valuable inshe overall relves to expiew toward a positive vemaining re

urprised to e familial tiy, there is immigrant

lysis is that

evidence toespondents 2.2 times

nue to migra to influencwere interesimmigrantsould have aegative relaton membersreat or unfa

an value rees of immithe impact ption of imm

e-wide immi

g regardinghat Missourof accessibgly agreed ight.” Missoositive imags social justof “dreamer

regarding wactics similple factor w

ight into thresults frompect the worimmigrants

view towardsearch ques

find that ies and polica public pes comparedthe regiona

o suggest thwho were more like

ate in the Uce the positisting. Withis. The genea favorable tionship bets or familie

air competiti

sults were tgrants becothat immigmigrants anigrant rights

g the social rians have a

bility for chwith the s

ourians withge of the imtice factor wrs” regardle

whether Milar to Arizo

were 2.6 tim

In

67

he public perm MIRAPOS

rse, meanins. However

d immigrantstions that fr

the effectscy theme vaerception thd to Repubal effects we

hat familial tan immig

ely to haveU.S. and mive images oin the unioneral consenimage of imtween uniones that hadion, in term

the most suoming an Agrants had ond the desirs campaign

justice vara strong senhildren of statement “h a strong smpact of imwere consisess of politic

issourians thona was inte

mes more lik

nternational J

rceptions ofS were a surng that the mr, the resultts. The regr

framed this p

of politicariables werhat Democrblicans in there not sign

ties do mattgrant or hade a positiv

marry U.S. cof an immigns, there is sus before mmigrationn familial tia family m

ms of low-wa

urprising finAmerican won the statere to achiev

n.

riable was inse of justicimmigrants

“Denying sense of soci

mmigrants instent with thcal affiliatio

hink that theresting. Mi

kely to view

Journal of So

h

f immigrantrprise to themajority of ts showed thression resupaper.

al affiliatiore introducerats are mohe state of ificant in th

ter in regardd family mve image ocitizens thergrant. The regenerally a starting thi

. However, ie and a posmember in ages.

nding. Thoswere 3.5 mo

. This findive the Amer

interesting oce when thes. For examsocial serviial justice wn Missouri.he larger naon, race, or e

e state shouissourians timmigrants


2014, Vol.

http://ijssr.macr

ts in a non-e research tef respondentthat the majults provide

on were noed into the a

ore likely toMissouri.

he final mod

ds to the pemembers whof immigraere is a tremesults regardueling pe

is project wthe results

sitive percea union m

se respondeore likely toing underscrican dream

on two leve issues aremple, onlyices to chilwere 2.0 mo. The variabarrative in teducation.

uld adopt drthat did not s as a positi

Research 2327-5510

2, No. 2

rothink.org

gateway eam. We ts would jority of d mixed

o longer analysis. o have a Another

del.

rception ho were ants. As mendous rding the erception was that showed

eption of ay view

ents who o have a cores the m will be

els. The e framed y 8% of ldren of

ore times bles that the U.S.

raconian support

ive asset

6. Limi

This stunature oanalysisstudy wthe passimpact study ugiven thzenith.

The sectime coconductincludeanalysisimmigr

The thira margilarger slarger sThis wa

7. Conc

In this participthat all the succ

Many panti-immdemonsimmigrimmigroutlookfor immto becosupportregardinevidencArizonaonly repMissour

itations of S

udy had throf the datas of attitud

was done insage of Ariof these na

underestimahat the surv

cond limitatonstraints, sted the anald some adds that measuants living i

rd limitationin of error sample sizeample woulas not possib

clusion

paper, wepatory actionparties whocess of the d

people beliemigration bstrates that sation. In thants. We fo

k for immigmigrants. Wome Americt for the cong childrence presenteda’s anti-immpresent aborians report

Study

ree major lima. A longitudes towardsn October 20izona’s antiational evenates the percvey was co

tion was relseveral queslysis in Novditional queured the perin the state

n was sampof +-3.5%

. Although ld have alloble give the

e provide an frameworo had an intedata collecti

eve that Mibills have bsuch bills arhis paper, wound that famgrants and f

We also founcan had a onclusion t

n of immigd in this papmigration bout 4% of Mted that imm

mitations. Tudinal data s immigrant010 weeks -immigratio

nts on the stcent of Mismpleted wh

lated to thestions werevember, we

estions abourceived numwould have

ple size. Alt%, from an

we had ranowed us to pe small samp

a context tork. The succerest in thision, analysi

issouri is a been sponsore not a truewe provide milial ties to

familial tiesnd that residfavorable pthat residen

grants had aper showed ill had a fa

Missouri’s pmigrants had

In

68

The first limset would

ts. As menbefore the

on bill (SB tate discourssourians thhen the neg

e length of te eliminatede realized thut the percembers of ime been helpf

though we aacademic pndom sampparse the anple sizes for

o study thecess of this s study wereis, and prese

red-state, tored in thee or authent

evidence to the immig to organiz

dents that haperception nts who haa favorablethat Missou

avorable impopulation, td a positive

nternational J

mitation washave provi

ntioned in t2010 nation1070). We

rse of immihat had a pgative disco

the questiond from the hat it wouldeption of immmigrants reful to the an

achieved ouperspective ple that wasnalysis in dir some grou

e attitudes study relie

e given ampentation of f

thus anti-ime state legistic measure that Missougration expeed labor coad the perceof immigra

ad a stronge perceptionuri residentsage of immthe unspokeimpact on t

Journal of So

h

s related to ided for a the paper, tnal election were not aigration. It ipositive imaourse of imm

nnaire. Becfinal questi

d have beenmmigrants. Felative to thnalysis.

ur goal to crwe would

s representafferent analup comparis

toward imd on this fr

ple opportunfindings.

mmigrant. Itslature. Howof how Mis

urians had erience cont

ontribute to eption that ants. The pg social jusn of immigs who repor

migrants. Alen truth is tthe state.


2014, Vol.

http://ijssr.macr

the cross-smore sophthis cross-s

ns and montable to estimis possible age of immmigrants w

cause of budionnaire. Wn beneficialFor examplhe actual nu

reate a samhave prefe

ative of thelytical sub-ssons.

mmigration ramework tonity to contr

It is true thwever, thisssourians fea positive

ntribute to a a negative immigrants

paper also pstice conscigrants. Finarted a disliklthough immthat the maj

Research 2327-5510

2, No. 2

rothink.org

sectional isticated sectional ths after mate the that our

migration was at its

dget and When we

to have le, a gap umber of

mple with erred a e state, a sections.

using a o ensure ribute to

at many s project eel about view of positive outlook

s wanted provides iousness ally, the e for the migrants jority of

Acknow

This re(MIRAlike to directorthat comdraft of

Referen

Binder,attitude78(2), 3

BlumerReview,

Chandleanalysishttp://dx

Citrin, Jreform:http://dx

DiamonInterna

Dixon, and http://dx

Ellis, MTijdschhttp://dx

Ellis, Mintegrathttp://dx

Espenshundocumhttp://dx

Espenshimmigr

Hainmuimmigr

wledgemen

esearch proj) and Servithank MIR

r Jennifer Rmpleted thef this paper.

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