In 1970, 47% of Indians were engaged in agriculture 74% of which in plantations.
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Transcript of In 1970, 47% of Indians were engaged in agriculture 74% of which in plantations.
In 1970,
47% of Indians were engaged in agriculture
74% of which in plantations
agricultural estates provided income
opportunities and other basic services:
- housing- free estate schools
- health care
agriculture was gradually phased-out
by manufacturing sectors
plantation gave way to highway, golf
courses etc
from 1980 - 2000300,000 Indians were
forced out of plantation residence
people lost jobs and homes
deprived access from basic amenities,
socio-cultural facilities
destroyed estate community support
structures
lost plots for vegetable farming and cattle
grazing
people faced difficulties in negotiating the
transition from plantation to urban or
sub-urban living
•estranged /alienated in their new urban environment
•lacked required skills, capital and support structure
forced migration led to break-up of extended
family system
decline in community support which
traditionally helped women in fulfilling their
responsibilities
women have to contribute to the
depleting family income through external labor
more households headed by women due to migration of men
household work, child education and family income have doubled the burden of women
In patriarchal households, increasing number of men distressed by competitive urban environment turn
to:
•excessive alcohol consumption
•commanded respect by beating wives and children
•sexual abuse and other demeaning treatment to women
uplift community through legal and
psychological counseling
1
awareness raising and skills training
2
empowerment of women to assert their rights
3
while gaining greater self-esteem & control over
their lives in both personal and social relationships
4
WE CALL on our government to respond to our issues
WE CALL on ASEAN to carefully assess the impact of
integration policies that negatively impact on
grassroots, particularly women
Thank you!