In 1865, Congress created the Freedmen's Bureau to educate, feed, and clothe former slaves and white...
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In 1865, Congress created the Freedmen's Bureau to educate, feed, and clothe former slaves and white refugees. If you were in charge of the education of the freedmen in 1865, what would you teach them so that they would be well-equipped to succeed in the post-slavery South? Why?
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Reconstruction
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Reconstruction Politics
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Conditions of the South at the end of the war
• Economic Chaos–Former Confederate farmhouses,
barns, mills had been burned.–Bridges, RR track destroyed.
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Conditions of the South at the end of the war
• Economic Chaos cont.–Towns looted, inhabitants driven out.–Plantation owners lost slaves, could
not afford capital for equipment and replace slave labor–Businesses at a standstill
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Conditions of the South at the end of the war
• Social Confusion–Aristocratic yielded to bankers,
merchants, small farmers–Changing status of blacks created
social tensions
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Conditions of the South at the end of the war
• Political Uncertainty–State and local govt’s had to be
organized with relation to the Union–Political leaders of the North
differed sharply over what should be done
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2 main ?’s of Reconstruction
1. How will the Southern states be readmitted to the union?
2. What will be the status of the Freedmen?
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Lincoln’s Plan• Southern whites could
regain citizenship.–Except high ranking
officials• 10% plan–10% of the voters took
oath new state government could be set up–Must prohibit slavery
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Was Lincoln’s Plan to mild?
A. YesB. No
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Wade-Davis bill• Required at least 50% voters
loyalty and excluded from gov’t holding anyone who cooperated with the Confederacy• Lincoln pocket-vetoed it
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Which plan do you support?
A. Lincoln PlanB. Wade-Davis Bill
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Lincoln Assassination• John Wilkes
Booth• Conspiracy
plot
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Lincoln Assassination
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Andrew Johnson• Senator from
Tenn.• Carry on with
Lincoln’s Plan• 13,000 pardons
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Help for former slaves
• Congress proposed the 13ht Amendment–Abolition of slavery
• Organized the Freedman’s Buereau
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Freedman’s Bureau• Oversaw relief actions• Established schools for former
slaves and poor whites• Helped re-unite families broken
by slavery
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Johnson’s Plan• Generally unconcerned with
former slaves rights–vetoed both Freedmen’s Bureau
continuation and the Civil Rights Act of 1866
• Punish planter class
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Limit of freedoms• “Black Codes”: Keep blacks in same
position as slaves–Sign work contracts for a full year• Sharecropping• Tenant farming
–Limited travel–5,000 killed in the 2 years following
the War
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• Nathan Bedford Forrest
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KU Klux Klan• Maintain
supremacy through violence• Blacks were
beaten, tarred and feathered, burned out of their homes or lynched.