IMPORTANCE OF GENETIC RESEARCH IN FTD€¦ · Importance of genetic research To understand...
Transcript of IMPORTANCE OF GENETIC RESEARCH IN FTD€¦ · Importance of genetic research To understand...
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IMPORTANCE OF GENETIC RESEARCH IN FTD
Continuing Education Training
FTD Support Group Facilitators
May 19, 2014
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AFTD is Mission Driven
Promote and fund research
Provide information, education and support
Educate physicians and health professionals
Increase public awareness
Advocate for LTC and social services
Facilitate the international exchange of ideas
We envision a world where frontotemporal
degeneration is understood, effectively diagnosed,
treated, cured and ultimately prevented.
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AFTD: Support Encourages Strength
• HelpLine- individual, responsive
• Respite and travel grants
• Telephone support groups
(behavior, language, parents, diagnosed)
• Caregiver Connections
• FTD Education Conferences
• FTD support groups
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Information Empowers
• Accurate, current and specific to FTD
• Guidance for managing care
• Resources with experience in FTD
• Connection to experts and emerging research
Website
Newsletters
Publications
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Partners in FTD Care
Education for healthcare
professionals
• Training materials
• Quarterly newsletter - case
study, and “What to do About...”
• Intervention focused on-line
forum
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Hot News from AFTD
AFTD Kids and Teens website www.aftdkidsandteens.org
Reorganized main website coming early June.
• Same look. Easier access to great information.
Partners in FTD Care Spring Issue – Aggressive behavior
Key dates:
• May 30 – FTD Caregiver Conference, UPenn, Philadelphia
• Oct 5-12 – AFTD’s Food for Thought & FTD Awareness Wk
• Oct. 23-25 - 9th International FTD Conference
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Importance of Genetic Research in FTD
Jill Goldman, CGC
Genetic Counselor
Columbia University
Nadine Tatton, PhD
Scientific Director
AFTD
Today’s Guest Speakers
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Jill Goldman, MS, MPhil, CGC
Taub Institute
Columbia University Medical Center
FTD Genetics…where is it leading us?
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Overview • Why are there so many
research studies on the genetics of FTD?
• How much of FTD is genetic?
• What are the different genes that can cause FTD?
• Why should families get involved with genetic research (even if they don’t have a family history)?
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What comes first or ?
We are used to thinking about the symptoms of FTD,
but where do they come from?
FTD has at least 3 different pathologies…i.e. it is at least
3 different diseases
What are the mechanisms that cause these pathologies?
Therapies need to target cause, not symptoms
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GENE PATHOLOGY DISEASE
MAPT PGRN CHMP2B VCP C9ORF72 TDP43 FUS
TAU TDP43 ubiquitin FUS
FTD FTD/ALS FTD, CBD, PSP
What do we know?
GENE
PATHOLOGY
DISEASE
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???
How much of FTD is genetic?
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Family History
FTD
Sporadic Familial Autosomal dominant
66
68
53
65
63
84
89
64
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Autosomal dominant FTD
MAPT
PGRN (~3% sporadic)
C9ORF72: 9 FTD/ALS (~4% sporadic)
Paget’s disease/FTD:VCP
CHMP 2B: Chrom. 3
TDP-43 (associated with ALS)
FUS (associated with ALS)
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How do we know for sure if it’s
genetic?
Must first test an affected person to determine a specific
causal gene mutation
THEN if an at-risk family member wants presymptomatic
testing, they can ask for genetic counseling and then testing
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Interpretation of Autosomal Dominant Gene Test Results
True Positive: previously identified pathogenic mutation found
True negative: affected family member’s mutation not found
Positive with unknown significance: new mutation found: polymorphism or pathogenic?
Negative with unknown significance: affected family member not previously tested
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Genetics 101
Chromosomes are made of DNA
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Mutations
Mistakes in the DNA sequence
e.g.
Normal gene: CATGAT
Mutated gene: CAGGAT, CAGAT, CATTGAT, CATGATCATGAT
Result of mutation: change in amino acid sequence of protein, hence change in function of protein OR inability to produce protein
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Options for people at risk of hereditary
dementia
Genetic testing after identification of family mutation
through blood or tissue
DNA banking
Genetic research study
FTD Genetics Research with or without genetic results
Autopsy
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Importance of genetic research To understand mechanisms of disease
Who can participate in genetic research?
Families with autosomal dominant family histories
Characterize features of mutations: spectrum of symptoms,
biomarkers-imaging changes, CSF profile, etc.
Candidates for specific drug trials
Identify etiologies of mutational variation (other genetic
markers or environment)
Sporadic families
Identify genetic or environmental risk factors
Unaffected family members
Controls
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Researchers need all of you!
Volunteer for research studies
Fund raise
Advocate
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Genetics at Work Advancing FTD Research and
Therapeutic Development
Nadine Tatton, PhD Scientific Director - AFTD
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GENETICS
Patients
Families
FTD
databases
Diagnosis
Models
Clinical Trials
Therapies
Genetics as a Research Tool
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Genetics at Work – Advancing Research
It starts with you – the patient - the caregiver - the family
Patients
Families
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FTD
databases
• NACC-FTLD (clinical databank) • NY brain bank-Columbia University • Northwestern brain bank for
PPA/bvFTD • FTD Stem Cell Consortium • Longitudinal research studies
Patients and Families Donate Samples Fill out Surveys and Participate in
Research Studies
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Diagnosis Genetics at Work – Learning More
About FTD Around the World
• Genetic screening is used for diagnosis
• Screening expands our current understanding of FTD epidemiology
• Genetic screening can help us design clinical trials for familial FTD
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Models Genetics at Work
• FTD genes can be inserted into the DNA of fruit flies or other animals to create a model of FTD
• Models let us study the cellular pathways of FTD
• Models are also used for pre-clinical testing of new drugs
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Gene mutation identified-FTD
patient
Genetics at Work FTD Stem Cells
From: M. Catarina Silva, PhD – AFTD Postdoctoral Fellowship Award, 2013
Skin Biopsy
Grow biopsy cells in culture to
get fibroblasts
Adult Skin Fibroblasts contain the FTD patient’s
gene mutation
Tissue-punch takes skin sample from
forearm
Models
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From: M. Catarina Silva, PhD – AFTD Postdoctoral Fellowship Award, 2013
Reprogram FTD fibroblasts into
stem cells
Use special culture media to create nerve cells from iPSCs
‘Induce’ FTD pluripotent stem cells
FTD Induced-Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs)
Models
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From: M. Catarina Silva, PhD – AFTD Postdoctoral Fellowship Award, 2013
Nerve Cells Grown From FTD Patient iPS Cells
Control Neurons FTD Neurons
Models
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• Study disease biology in a human model
• Test new drugs in human nerve cells
Create nerve cells from individual FTD gene
mutation carriers and controls
“Disease in a Dish” Models
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Genetics at Work
More Research advances from FTD genetics
• Gene mutations can be ‘shared’ across diseases
• The C9 mutation can cause ALS or FTD
• New approaches to prevent or decrease nerve cell death
From: Jeff Rothstein laboratory – ADDF-AFTD Translational Research Grant Awardee
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• Dose Finding Study of Nimodipine for the Treatment of Progranulin
Insufficiency From GRN Gene Mutations (NCT01835665) Dr. Adam Boxer, UCSF, Memory and Aging Center
• A study to assess the safety, tolerability and effectiveness of Nuedexta (Dextromethorphan 20mg/Quinidine 10mg) in the treatment of Pseudobulbar Affect (PBA) (NCT01799941) Dr. Carol Lippa, Drexel University College of Medicine
• A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Randomized, Parallel Group, 12-Month Safety and Efficacy Trial of TRx0237 in Subjects With Behavioral Variant Frontotemporal Dementia (bvFTD) (NCT01626378) TauRx sponsored multi-site trial
• Natural History and Biomarkers of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia Caused by the C9ORF72 Gene Mutation (NCT01925196) NIH sponsored study, Dr. Mary Kay Floeter, NIH Clinical Center
Clinical Trials
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Therapies
Getting there - with the support of our patients, caregivers and families
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Importance of Genetic Research in FTD
Jill Goldman, CGC
Genetic Counselor
Columbia University
Nadine Tatton, PhD
Scientific Director
AFTD
Q & A with Today’s Guest Speakers
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Future Web Training
This training will be archived on AFTD’s website.
Please share the link with others.
Watch your email and AFTD’s newsletter for more
web-based training for group leaders, family
caregivers people with FTD and professionals.
Thank you for all you do to
support AFTD’s mission!
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A Focus on FTD Care and Cure
AFTD creates:
• A community of and for those affected
• A hub for cross-disciplinary collaboration
• Opportunities to get involved
• Change
http://www.theaftd.org HelpLine: 866-507-7222