Imperialist Japan
Transcript of Imperialist Japan
The Rise of Imperial Japan How did Japan become an imperial power?
Who was Hediki Tojo?
What was Japan like prior to the arrical of the European in the 1500’s?
• Japan was a feudal society – Individual lords (daimyos)
controlled individual lands – Peasants worked the land in
return for protec<on – Hired professional soldiers
(samurai) for protec<on • Bushido -‐ “The Way of the Warrior”
• No real central government
– Japanese emperor was a figurehead w/ no real power
– The islands are ruled by warlords (shoguns)
The Japanese Daimyo
Japanese Peasants
The Samurai
When did the first Europeans arrive in Japan?
• The first Europeans where shipwrecked sailors in the 1500’s – Portuguese sailors – Brought European technology
with them (firearms)
• At first welcomed, but eventually forced out by the shoguns – Two hundred (200) years of
isola<on from the rest of the world
When did Japan’s isolation come to an end?
• In 1853, US naval officer, Commodore Matthew Perry, arrived in Japan – Forced the shoguns to
accept a trade treaty with the US
• Perry uses intimidation to gain entry to Japan & threatens the Japanese into a treaty
Commodore Perry’s “Black
Ships”
What Did the U. S. Want from Japan??
Japan offered a variety of different options for the US: v “Coaling stations”
v More trading partners (raw materials)
v A haven for ship-wrecked sailors
1853 – Commodore Matthew Perry “Opens Up” Japan to Western Trade
What was the Treaty of Kanagawa? • The Treaty
Kanagawa officially opened Japan to foreign trade – End of Japan’s 200
years of self-imposed isolation
• The Shoguns were deeply criticized for signing this treaty
The Treaty of Kanagawa - 1854
President Buchanan & Japan (1859)
What was the Meiji Revolt (1868)? • The Meiji Revolt was a
revolt designed to remove the shogun from power & give the emperor more influence – Angry with the shogun for “opening up” Japan
– Wanted to see the emperor returned to power
• Believed that the Emperor would return Japan to a traditional way of life
Who came to power as a result of the Meiji Revolt?
MEIJI “Enlightened Rule”
• Japan’s new emperor is Mutsuhito – 15 years old when he took
power – A keen interest in Western
technology
• Believed Japan needed to modernize in order to prevent future invasions from the West
Newspaper Cartoon, 1870’s
Enlightened Half-Enlightened Un-Enlightened
How did the Meiji emperors affect Japan?
Mutsuhito begins a policy of modernization in Japan
v New slogan: Japanese Spirit; Western Technology!
The Japanese Became Obsessed with Western Styles
Civilization and Enlightenment!
Everything Western Was Fashionable!
Everything Western Was Fashionable!
Japanese soldiers with their wives.
The Rulers Set the Tone with Western Dress
Emperor Mutsuhito Empress Haruko (1868- 1912)
Changing Women’s Fashions
1900 Styles The First “Miss Japan”
(1908)
Samurai Revolts
The Last Samurai (2003)
How did the Meiji reform Japanese
society?
Abolition of the
feudal system
Land Redistribution
Human Rights & Religious Freedom
Build a Modern Navy
(British)
Westernize the School System
(Fr. & Ger.)
Modernize the Army (Germans)
Emperor Worship
Intensified
Written Constitution (Germans)
Modern Banking System
How did the Meiji period change the Japanese government?
The Emperor of Japan
The Diet (Legislative Body)
House of Representatives
House of Peers
Inspired by European constitution & rulers, Emperor Mutsuhito developed a new government for the Japanese people
In the Japanese government, all power is vested in the emperor (“divine right”)
The people of Japan would get a say in their government with the Japanese “Diet” (the Japanese Congress)
The Japanese Diet
Why did Japan become an imperialistic power?
• Japan became an conquering power for three (3) reasons: – Raw materials – Racial attitudes – Rise of the Japanese
military
• Japan wished to become a leader / spokesperson for Asia
Sino-Japanese War: 1894-1895
War between China and Japan over control of Korea; After 6 months of conflict, China sued for peace
Soldiers on the Battlefield During the Sino-Japanese War
Japan Annexes Korea (1910-1947)
The Russo-Japanese War: 1904-1905
War between Japan and Russia over Korea and Manchuria; the “first great war of the 20th Century”
The Russo-Japanese War: 1904-1905
Everyone assumed Russia would win because Russia was the old-school
major power…
The Russo-Japanese War: 1904-1905
They were wrong… Russia looses BIG…
Battle of Tsushima (1905)
Of the Russian fleet of 11 battleships and 8 cruisers, plus other ships, only 2 destroyers and a yacht made it to safety!!
The Japanese lost 4 small gunboats.
President Teddy Roosevelt Mediates the Peace
The Treaty of Portsmouth, NH ended the Russo-Japanese War.
Roosevelt’s Nobel Peace Prize (1906)
Japan joins the Allies for World War I (1914)
How did World War I help to influence Japanese imperialism?
• World War I made Japan the dominate Asian power in the Pacific – Power – Prestige – Land
• Weakness of the League of Nations gave them opportunity – Manchuria (1919) – China (1930’s)
Who was Emperor Hirohito?
• Emperor Hirohito is the new ruler of Japan in 1920’s – (1901-1989) – Grandson of Mutsuhito
• Allowed the increased power of the military to take over Japan – Appointment of Hideki
Tojo
Who was Hideki Tojo? • Hideki Tojo was a military
officer-turned-politician • (1884-1948) • Japan’s Prime Minister
– Heavily influenced by Japanese military tradition (Bushido) • Ran his own fascist (single-
rule) political party • Used his own military
victories as a springboard to the PM position
The Manchurian Incident (1931)
The Manchurian Incident (1931)
Japanese tanks of the Kwantung Army in Manchuria (1931)
The League of Nations does nothing…
Japanese soldiers “conquer” the Great Wall (1933)
Incident at the Marco Polo Bridge (1937)
The “Three All” Campaign Kill All.. Burn All..
Destroy All..
The Rape of Naking (1937)
The Rape of Naking (1937)
Children Bayoneted by the Japanese
The Rape of Naking (1937)
The Rape of Naking (1937)
Japanese Beheadings
The Rape of Naking (1937)
Unit 731: Biological Warfare
Chinese Biological Weapon Victims
The Flowers of War (2011)
The League of Nations does nothing…
How did other Asian peoples view Japanese expansion?
• Some Asian people welcome them as “liberators” from western Imperialists – Japan viewed as
superior
• Many Asian peoples will become enslaved due to Japanese conquest
PM Tojo in Berlin (1936)
Signing of the Anti-Comintern Pact (1936)
We’re The Three Best Friends…
The League of Nations does nothing…
Japanese Power Continues to Grow…