Imperialism in Africa. WHAT IS IMPERIALISM??? A policy of extending a country's power and influence...
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Transcript of Imperialism in Africa. WHAT IS IMPERIALISM??? A policy of extending a country's power and influence...
Imperialism in Africa
• WHAT IS IMPERIALISM???
• A policy of extending a country's power and influence through diplomacy or military force.
Imperialism
• Intense competition for colonies in Africa– In 1875 European Nations control 10%– By 1900 European Nations control 90%
• How?– New Technology– Medical Knowledge– Maxim Gun
Imperialism
• Europeans competed for land over the entire continent:– French, Italians and British: North Africa– French and Germans: West Africa– Belgians and Germans: Central Africa– Portuguese, Brits and Germans: South Africa– Italians, British, Germans: East Africa
• Conflict ensued between these nations
Berlin Conference 1885
• Conference called to settle land disputes among European nations in Africa.– Called by Bismarck
• Worried about being left out of the Scramble
– Every Corner of Africa divided up.• Between European nations
– No African Groups were invited• Shows feeling of superiority Europeans felt
Exploration
• European nations send out explorers to find out what was in Africa.– Mungo Park: Scottish, Explored the Niger River– Rene Caillie: from France, 1st to cross the Sahara,
searched for Timbuktu– Richard Burton and John Hanning Speke: British,
looked for the source of the Nile– David Livingstone: British Doctor; missionary;
Explored the interior of Africa, treated ill. Named Victoria Falls
MUNGO PARK
RENE CAILLIE
Entering the city of Timbuktu
TIMBUKTU
SIR RICHARD BURTON
John Hanning Speke
Finding Lake Tanganyika; Burton being carried; Speke with a cane
BURTON’S TOMB in England resembles a desert tent
Dr. Livingstone
VICTORIA FALLS
DR. LIVINGSTONE I PRESUME?
CARRYING HIS DEAD BODY OUT OF AFRICA
Imperialism
– South Africa: Bitter power struggle developed among local African groups, Dutch settlers and British• Zulu: African tribe that migrated into South
Africa by early 1800’s. Great leader: Shaka• Boers: Dutch settlers in South Africa.
Settled Capetown in 1652. Used locals as slaves.
• British: won control of Cape Town from Boers in early 1800’s.
–Great Trek: Boers retreat north to get away from British.
• 1850’s: Boers set up two independent republics on Zulu land: Orange Free State and the Transvaal.
–The two fought for years.–British helped Boers to defeat
the Zulu.
ImperialismShaka Zulu
Imperialism
• The Mfecane:
–Mfecane "the Crushing“. Events following the rise to power of Shaka who created a militaristic kingdom. He conquered some tribes and forced other tribes to leave the area, opening the way for European settlement.
• Very bloody.
Imperialism
– Discovery of Diamonds and Gold in South Africa• Boer War, 1900: between British and Boers for
control of Boer territory and gold/diamonds.–British won.
• 1908: British create Union of South Africa out of various colonies.
–Granted self government–Only whites could vote. Majority of white
population: Boers. They controlled government.
» Institute Apartheid: separation of races.
Imperialism– Cecil Rhodes:
• British miner looking for gold and diamonds in South Africa
• By 1889 he controlled 90% of the world’s diamond output.
Africa: Colonization
Imperialism
• Summarization:– European nations desired land in Africa
• For its resources
– The Berlin Conference split up Africa amongst those European nations.
– Colonialism and mistreatment of the Africans followed.
– Groups like the Zulu fought against further European expansion.