Imperialism in Africa & The Slave Trade Unit Two: Chapter Three.
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Transcript of Imperialism in Africa & The Slave Trade Unit Two: Chapter Three.
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Imperialism in Africa&
The Slave TradeUnit Two:
Chapter Three
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Imperialism in Africa
• ImperialismImperialism – The dominationdomination by one country of the
political, social, economic, and/or cultural life of another country
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Imperialism in Africa
• The Age of Imperialism is broken into two periods: – Old Imperialism: Time between 1500 and
1800, when European nations looked to gain territory on the coast of Africa.
• European power was limited
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Imperialism in Africa
• New Imperialism: Time between 1870 and 1914, focused mainly in Africa. – European nations had become stronger due
to the Industrial Revolution
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Imperialism in Africa
• The Old Imperialism in Africa – Began in the 1400s
• The Portuguese explored the coasts of Africa• They were unable to push into the African interior
– Mid-1600s• The Dutch arrived in Southwest Africa, and
established Cape Town • These Dutch were known as “Boers” • The Boers enslaved many native Africans
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Most of the EuropeanControlled lands areLocated on the coastalAreas of Africa
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Imperialism in Africa
• Triangular Trade and Slavery – Causes of the Slave Trade
• Europeans viewed African slaves as the most valuable African trade goods in the 1500s
• Europeans began buying large numbers of Africans to satisfy the labor shortage on American plantations
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Slaved being transported from Africa in the 1800s
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Imperialism in Africa
• Triangular Trade– The slave trade grew into a valuable business
– The “Triangular Trade” involved Europe, Africa, and the Americas
• The sea routes formed a triangle
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The Triangular Trade between Africa, Europe, and the Americas
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Imperialism in Africa
• The Slave Trade – Slavery was a complete disregard for Human
Rights • Enslaved people lost their freedom
• Enslaved people could be bought and sold
• Enslaved people endured disease, overcrowding, and terrible mistreatment in the Middle PassageMiddle Passage
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Example of the brutal mistreatment facedBy the millions of Africans during the timeOf the slave trade
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Imperialism in Africa
• The Slave Trade– The Middle Passage
• The voyage from Africa to the Americas
• Millions of Africans died on the way from disease, mistreatment, or suicide
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Above, a blueprint for a slave trip, and the Placement slaves throughout the ship.Right, a picture depicting African conditions On the slave ships
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Imperialism in Africa
• Effects of the Slave Trade– When the slave trade ended in the 1800s,
almost 11 million Africans were enslaved
– Some African societies and small states completely disappeared forever
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Imperialism in Africa
• Causes of New Imperialism– Nationalism: Promotes the idea of national
superiority• Imperialists felt they had the right to take control of
countries they viewed as weaker
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European nations carving up the world -- Imperialism
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Imperialism in Africa
• Causes of New Imperialism– Social Darwinism
• Applied Charles Darwin’s theory of survival of the fittest to competition between nations
• It was natural for stronger nations to dominate weaker ones
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Imperialism in Africa
• Causes of New Imperialism– Military Power
• A nation with many colonies had power and security
• Colonies were important as bases for resupply of ships
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Imperialism in Africa
• Causes of New Imperialism– Economic Motives
• Imperialists needed raw materials to supply their factories
• Imperialists needed foreign markets to sell their products
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Imperialism in Africa
• Causes of New Imperialism– White Man’s Burden
• Poem by Rudyard Kipling • Expressed the idea that white imperialists had a
moral duty to educate people in nations they considered to be weaker
• Missionaries spread western ideas, customs, and religions to people in Africa
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Imperialism in Africa
• The Scramble for Africa– Very little was known about the interior of
Africa before 1870• Europeans referred to Africa as the “Dark
Continent”
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Imperialism in Africa
• The Scramble for Africa– 1870s, King Leopold of Belgium sent
missionaries to the center of Africa, the Congo
– The presence of Belgium in the Congo set off a scramble among other European nations to establish a presence in Africa
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King Leopold of Belgium, beganThe Scramble for Africa
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The Belgian Congo – The first area in the interior of Africa controlled by Europeans
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Imperialism in Africa
• The Scramble for Africa– The Berlin Conference The Berlin Conference 1884
• Goal: For Europeans to meet to avoid conflict and set up rules for colonizing Africa
• Actions TakenActions Taken: Divided Africa with little regard for the people who lived there
• EffectsEffects: Most of the continent of Africa comes under control of Europeans
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European nations meeting at the Berlin Conference, no African leaders wereinvited
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Imperialism in Africa
• Battles in Africa– Boer WarBoer War
• Background: Cecil Rhodes became Prime Minister of the Cape Colony (South Africa)
• Under Rhodes leadership, Britain began to extend its control of southern Africa
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Cecil Rhodes expandsBritain's control over theAfrican continent
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Imperialism in Africa
• Battles in Africa– Late 1800s: Britain annexed (Took over) the
areas under control of the Boers
• The Boers resisted British control, and the Boer War began
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Imperialism in Africa
• Battles in Africa– The Boer WarThe Boer War
• Time: 1899-1902• Between: British and Dutch• Outcome: Britain wins
– Establish the Union of South Africa in 1910
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Pictures of Boer military men during The Boer War
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Imperialism in Africa
• Effects of Imperialism– Large numbers of Africans came under
foreign rule – Economies became dependent on
industrialized powers – Western culture spread to new regions – Traditional societies were destroyed