Imperialism of Africa
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Imperialism of Africa
European Scramble for Colonies
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Basic Principles of Imperialism
Imperialism?:
Racism?:Racism?:
Social Darwinism?:Social Darwinism?:
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IndustrialRevolutionIndustrialRevolution
Source forRaw
Materials
Source forRaw
Materials
Markets forFinishedGoods
Markets forFinishedGoods
EuropeanNationalismEuropean
Nationalism
MissionaryActivity
MissionaryActivity
Military& NavalBases
Military& NavalBases
EuropeanMotives
For Colonization
EuropeanMotives
For Colonization
Places toDump
Unwanted/Excess Popul.
Places toDump
Unwanted/Excess Popul.
Soc. & Eco.Opportunities
Soc. & Eco.Opportunities
HumanitarianReasons
HumanitarianReasons
EuropeanRacism
EuropeanRacism
“WhiteMan’s
Burden”
“WhiteMan’s
Burden”
SocialDarwinism
SocialDarwinism
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Why was Africa Prone to Imperialism?
External Factors?:
Internal Factors?:
What were Euros after?
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The Berlin Conference (1884-85)
14 European nations agreed how to divide Africa
Problem?!
Outcomes: Forced distribution of African ethnic &
linguistic groups Transformation of African way of life
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20th Century Africa
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Colonial Africa
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1. Where Is Dr. Livingstone?
Dr. David Livingstone
DoctorLivingston
e,I Presume?
Sir Henry Morton Stanley
Also: founded Congo Free State (on behalf of King Leopold II of Belgium)
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European Explorations in mid-19c:
“The Scramble for Africa”
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The Belgian Congo
Stanley’s exploration of Af. sparked interest of Leopold II (Belgium)
1879-1882: Stanley signed treaties w/chiefs of Congo River Valley for Leo
Leo’s primary motive = abolish slavery & spread Christianity
BUT, he brutally exploited Congo for rubber 10 mill. died 1908: Belgian govt. took control
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European Imperialism in South Africa
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I. Early Euro. Explorers & Settlers
1487: Bartholomew Diaz 1497: Vasco da Gama 1652: Dutch
Attraction of the Cape of Good Hope?
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1652: Dutch (“Boers” or “Afrikaners”) established Cape Town
1814: British appear
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Conflict betw. Boers & British? Dutch had slaves
1833: Emancipation of slaves
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II. The Great Trek
1835-1848: Dutch fought w/Zulus for land
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1868: diamonds discovered in Cape colony 1885: gold discovered in Transvaal
Effects?? “Outlanders”
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1853: Cecil Rhodes (DeBeers Diamond Co.) 1896-1899: reconciliation attempts failed
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III. The Boer War (1899-1902)
Boers: guerilla tactics British: burned farms Outcome? 1910: the Union of South Africa
National Party?
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Ethiopia: A Successful Resistance
The only Af. nation that resisted Euros. Menelik II
1889: became emperor Built up a large arsenal of modern weapons Noticed discrepancies in treaty w/Italy
1896: Battle of Adowa – Ethiopians won
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2. What is the Source of the Nile?
John Speke Sir Richard Burton
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Cecil Rhodes (1853-1902)
“The Colossus of Rhodes”
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Uncle Sam: “The Colossusof the Pacific” (A Parody)
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Africa
in the
1880s
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Africa
in
1914
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3 Groups that clashed over territory & resources in South Africa Zulus Boers (Afrikaners) (Dutch) British
Outcome of the Boer War (1899-1902) Creation of self-governing Union of South
Africa controlled by British (Apartheid system)
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What were 4 positive sides of colonialism?
Reduced local warfare Brought humanitarian efforts Economic expansion Railroads, dams, telegraph lines
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What were 6 negative sides of colonialism in Africa?
Africans lost control of their land & their independence
Many died of new diseases Famine Lost thousands of people in
resisting Europeans Breakdown of traditional cultures Division of the African continent