Imperialism in Africa and South Asia
description
Transcript of Imperialism in Africa and South Asia
![Page 1: Imperialism in Africa and South Asia](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061110/5453d59ab1af9f8c228b47cf/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
IMPERIALISM IN AFRICA
![Page 2: Imperialism in Africa and South Asia](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061110/5453d59ab1af9f8c228b47cf/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
IMPERIALISM Don’t write!
•IMPERIALISM- extending a nation’s power over other lands.
![Page 3: Imperialism in Africa and South Asia](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061110/5453d59ab1af9f8c228b47cf/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
•Africa seen as new sources of things Euro wanted such as:
1. Raw materials 2.Direct control of markets & new markets to sell
goods
![Page 4: Imperialism in Africa and South Asia](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061110/5453d59ab1af9f8c228b47cf/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
3.Rivalries w/ other nations-
4. Social Darwinism: survival of the fittest & racist beliefs
![Page 5: Imperialism in Africa and South Asia](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061110/5453d59ab1af9f8c228b47cf/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
5. White Man’s Burden”- belief that European’s had a responsibility to civilize primitive people
6. spread Christianity
![Page 6: Imperialism in Africa and South Asia](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061110/5453d59ab1af9f8c228b47cf/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
•When slave trade was banned by 1890s, Euro sold textiles & manufactured goods in exchange for resources such as
peanuts, timber, palm oil.
![Page 7: Imperialism in Africa and South Asia](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061110/5453d59ab1af9f8c228b47cf/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
DON’T WRITE•Euros pushed for a more
permanent presence. Gold Coast 1st colony when the Brits annex it.
•Brits set up PROTECTORATE (must depend on another govt) in Nigeria.
•Others compete for the rest of Africa (all but Liberia & Ethiopia taken by 1914
![Page 8: Imperialism in Africa and South Asia](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061110/5453d59ab1af9f8c228b47cf/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
MRS. BARNES WHEN SHE WAKES
UP
![Page 9: Imperialism in Africa and South Asia](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061110/5453d59ab1af9f8c228b47cf/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
EXPLORATION: DON’T WRITE!
•Many explorers come to Africa including David Livingston who gets lost.
•Is found by journalist Henry Stanley who talks Leopold II of Belgium into colonizing Congo.
![Page 10: Imperialism in Africa and South Asia](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061110/5453d59ab1af9f8c228b47cf/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
EUROPE DIVIDES AFRICA: DON’T WRITE
•Ger, Br, Port, Belgium claim same land.
•Meet at Berlin Conference in 1884 & divide up Africa.
•No African reps
![Page 11: Imperialism in Africa and South Asia](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061110/5453d59ab1af9f8c228b47cf/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
![Page 12: Imperialism in Africa and South Asia](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061110/5453d59ab1af9f8c228b47cf/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
•Egypt part of Ottoman Empire until MUHAMMAD ALI took over & est separate Egyptian state.
•Modernized army, reformed schools, created industries.
![Page 13: Imperialism in Africa and South Asia](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061110/5453d59ab1af9f8c228b47cf/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
SUEZ CANAL Ferdinand de Lesseps designs SUEZ CANAL in 1864 to connect Red Sea to Mediterranean Sea for faster shipping
![Page 14: Imperialism in Africa and South Asia](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061110/5453d59ab1af9f8c228b47cf/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
SUEZ CANAL•Brits buy out Egypt’s share of canal & then take over Egypt
![Page 15: Imperialism in Africa and South Asia](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061110/5453d59ab1af9f8c228b47cf/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
INDIRECT RULE•Brits used INDIRECT RULE- local rulers kept positions of power & followed colonizer’s rules.
•Kept local customs, but caused tension
![Page 16: Imperialism in Africa and South Asia](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061110/5453d59ab1af9f8c228b47cf/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
DIRECT RULE•France used DIRECT RULE-local officials removed from
power & replaced w/ new set of officials from mother country
![Page 17: Imperialism in Africa and South Asia](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061110/5453d59ab1af9f8c228b47cf/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
MRS. BARNES & MR BARNES ON THEIR
WEDDING DAY
![Page 18: Imperialism in Africa and South Asia](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061110/5453d59ab1af9f8c228b47cf/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
CHANGES IN AFRICA•1. Colonizers created new govts (direct or indirect)
•2. loss of farmlands & build up of resentment
•3. Educated people in colonizers language & religion (but many learned western ideas)
![Page 19: Imperialism in Africa and South Asia](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061110/5453d59ab1af9f8c228b47cf/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
•4. many different ethnic groups forced together
5. Desire for nationalism grew with lost freedoms
6. Became labor to produce raw materials
![Page 20: Imperialism in Africa and South Asia](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061110/5453d59ab1af9f8c228b47cf/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
BRITISH IN INDIA
![Page 21: Imperialism in Africa and South Asia](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061110/5453d59ab1af9f8c228b47cf/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
•DON’T WRITE!•Brits powerful & move into India.
•British East India Trading Company given power by govt to help w/ military & political affairs.
![Page 22: Imperialism in Africa and South Asia](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061110/5453d59ab1af9f8c228b47cf/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
BRITISH EAST INDIA COMPANY
•BETC wants resources & new markets
![Page 23: Imperialism in Africa and South Asia](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061110/5453d59ab1af9f8c228b47cf/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
SEPOY REBELLION
•BETC had own soldiers & hired Indians (Sepoys) to defend company interests,
but Sepoys refused orders & rebel
![Page 24: Imperialism in Africa and South Asia](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061110/5453d59ab1af9f8c228b47cf/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
•Thought bullets were greased in cow & pig fat ( Sepoys were Hindu or Muslim & this was against beliefs)
![Page 25: Imperialism in Africa and South Asia](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061110/5453d59ab1af9f8c228b47cf/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
SEPOY REBELLION•Revolt, fails b/c problems btw Hindu’s & Muslims
![Page 26: Imperialism in Africa and South Asia](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061110/5453d59ab1af9f8c228b47cf/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
QUEEN VICTORIA•BETC loses power & Br govt takes over
• Queen Victoria becomes Empress
![Page 27: Imperialism in Africa and South Asia](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061110/5453d59ab1af9f8c228b47cf/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
•Brit rules through a VICEROY-governor who represents monarch
![Page 28: Imperialism in Africa and South Asia](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061110/5453d59ab1af9f8c228b47cf/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
•Benefits of Brit rule included:
• order, stability, new school system, RRs, telegraphs, & trains for transportation of goods & people.
![Page 29: Imperialism in Africa and South Asia](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061110/5453d59ab1af9f8c228b47cf/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
•Problems caused: •Manufactured goods destroy local industry
•grow cotton, not food,• Brits get best jobs•No respect for culture•Corrupt tax collectors
![Page 30: Imperialism in Africa and South Asia](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061110/5453d59ab1af9f8c228b47cf/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
INDIAN NATIONAL CONGRESS
•Indian nationalists want reform & meet in 1885 to form Indian National Congress. (educated in colonial schools)
• INC want share in governing process & Indian
independence
![Page 32: Imperialism in Africa and South Asia](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061110/5453d59ab1af9f8c228b47cf/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
•Hindu majority & Muslim minority.
•Muslims want separate Muslim League.
•Afraid Hindus will overrun all others.
![Page 33: Imperialism in Africa and South Asia](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061110/5453d59ab1af9f8c228b47cf/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
![Page 34: Imperialism in Africa and South Asia](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061110/5453d59ab1af9f8c228b47cf/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
INDIA•Mahatma Gandhi, (a
former lawyer) organizes protests.
•Believes in non-violent protest or CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE- (refusal to obey unjust law) to get independence.
![Page 35: Imperialism in Africa and South Asia](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061110/5453d59ab1af9f8c228b47cf/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
•Led marches, protests, boycotts & withheld paying taxes to get independence
•used traditional Indian dress, language, seen as a spiritual leader
![Page 36: Imperialism in Africa and South Asia](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061110/5453d59ab1af9f8c228b47cf/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
INDIA•Gandhi called MAHATMA or
“Great Soul” •1919 Brits kill 100s & arrest
Gandhi•Led Salt March in 1930, urging
people to make salt, (against Brit law) showing non-violent resistance)
•Helps get independence in 1947. assassinated
![Page 37: Imperialism in Africa and South Asia](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061110/5453d59ab1af9f8c228b47cf/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
MAHATMA GANDHI
• “WE MUST BE THE CHANGE WE WISH TO SEE”
![Page 38: Imperialism in Africa and South Asia](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061110/5453d59ab1af9f8c228b47cf/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
GREAT SALT MARCH 1930
![Page 39: Imperialism in Africa and South Asia](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061110/5453d59ab1af9f8c228b47cf/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
INDIA & PAKISTAN
•Conflict grows btw Muslim minority & Hindu majority.
• Muslims led by Ali Jinnah want a separate Muslim state in Pakistan
![Page 40: Imperialism in Africa and South Asia](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061110/5453d59ab1af9f8c228b47cf/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
•8/14/47 Indian empire gets independence & divided into 2 nations:
India- Hindu nation Pakistan-Muslim nation.
![Page 41: Imperialism in Africa and South Asia](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061110/5453d59ab1af9f8c228b47cf/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
INDIA & PAKISTAN•Millions flee. Hindus go to India & Muslims to Pakistan.
•Many die, including Gandhi, (assassinated on 6/30/48)
•Several areas stay indep. •Each choose which nation to join
![Page 42: Imperialism in Africa and South Asia](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061110/5453d59ab1af9f8c228b47cf/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
KASHMIR•Kashmir, area high in Hindu Kush mtns btw India & Pakistan had problems.
• Good resources there & also major rivers of region begin here.
![Page 43: Imperialism in Africa and South Asia](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061110/5453d59ab1af9f8c228b47cf/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
KASHMIR•Kashmir has Hindu Prince & Muslim people.
• Pakistan & India sends in troops to take over.
• UN steps in & divides Kashmir .(2/3 to India & 1/3 to Pakistan). No one happy. Series of small wars occur.
• In 1990s, both nations get nuclear weapons.
![Page 44: Imperialism in Africa and South Asia](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061110/5453d59ab1af9f8c228b47cf/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
KASHMIR• Violence starts in 2001 election
• Pak hijacks India airliner. •Ind troops kill people in camps & tests long range missiles
• Oct 2001, 1 million troops line up along border.
• Still ongoing struggle.
![Page 45: Imperialism in Africa and South Asia](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061110/5453d59ab1af9f8c228b47cf/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
![Page 46: Imperialism in Africa and South Asia](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061110/5453d59ab1af9f8c228b47cf/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
AFRICA•Did not get independence after WW I .
•Euro can’t afford to keep troops in colonies after WWII
![Page 47: Imperialism in Africa and South Asia](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061110/5453d59ab1af9f8c228b47cf/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
•New leaders (many educated in US) believe in MARCUS GARVEY.
•He stressed PAN-AFRICANISM: unity of African people
•Stress African heritage
![Page 48: Imperialism in Africa and South Asia](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061110/5453d59ab1af9f8c228b47cf/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
KWAME NKRUMAH•1957: The Gold Coast(Ghana), 1st colony gets independence from GB w/ help of KWAME NKRUMAH who later became leader
![Page 49: Imperialism in Africa and South Asia](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061110/5453d59ab1af9f8c228b47cf/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
• 17 by nations by 1960.
• 11 more btw 1961-1965.
• Guerilla warfare helps Morocco, Mozambique, Angola & Tunisia
![Page 50: Imperialism in Africa and South Asia](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061110/5453d59ab1af9f8c228b47cf/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
![Page 51: Imperialism in Africa and South Asia](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061110/5453d59ab1af9f8c228b47cf/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
•White run govt. •1950s: AFRIKANNERS (SA whites) decide to make stronger segregation laws (separating races) called APARTHEID.
![Page 52: Imperialism in Africa and South Asia](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061110/5453d59ab1af9f8c228b47cf/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
•1960-Students protest peacefully at Sharpsville, troops open fire, shooting kids in back.
•Blacks not allowed to participate in govt, hold certain jobs, must live in separate
homelands.
![Page 53: Imperialism in Africa and South Asia](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061110/5453d59ab1af9f8c228b47cf/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
•NELSON MANDELA leader of AFRICAN NATIONAL CONGRESS (formed to get poli reform) is arrested for fighting for rights.
•Nations boycott SA & ban SA from Olympics.
![Page 54: Imperialism in Africa and South Asia](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061110/5453d59ab1af9f8c228b47cf/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
•1993 President de Klerk agrees to hold democratic elections (due to international pressure).
• Mandela elected Pres. (jail time 26 years
![Page 55: Imperialism in Africa and South Asia](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061110/5453d59ab1af9f8c228b47cf/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
NELSON MANDELLA
![Page 56: Imperialism in Africa and South Asia](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061110/5453d59ab1af9f8c228b47cf/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
AFRICAN NATIONAL CONGRESS
![Page 57: Imperialism in Africa and South Asia](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061110/5453d59ab1af9f8c228b47cf/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
ISSUES IN AFRICA1. single crop economy. ¾ live off of land.
2.few factories, low literacy rates, few skilled workers
3. hi pop growth (3% per yr) high birth rates & death rates
![Page 58: Imperialism in Africa and South Asia](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061110/5453d59ab1af9f8c228b47cf/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
4.Must import technology & manufactured goods from West
5. bribery & corrupt officials, child soldiers
6. Huge droughts create FAMINE- lack of food
7. Uneven resources. 8. Poverty
![Page 59: Imperialism in Africa and South Asia](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061110/5453d59ab1af9f8c228b47cf/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
9.Fast urbanization- city growth leads to crime, overcrowding, pollution, not enough services.
10. Aids- 300 mil by 2040. 8% of continent. ¾ of Nairobi
![Page 60: Imperialism in Africa and South Asia](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061110/5453d59ab1af9f8c228b47cf/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
NIGHTMARE IN RWANDA
![Page 61: Imperialism in Africa and South Asia](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061110/5453d59ab1af9f8c228b47cf/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
MASSACRE OF THE TUTSIS
![Page 62: Imperialism in Africa and South Asia](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061110/5453d59ab1af9f8c228b47cf/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
![Page 63: Imperialism in Africa and South Asia](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061110/5453d59ab1af9f8c228b47cf/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
•Civil wars begin btw groups when too many ethnic groups put together in one area.
•GENONICDE: killing a specific ethnic group:
•RWANDA- Hutus kill 500,000 Tutsis on a rampage in 1994. Killed w/ machetes, fire & torture.