Imperialism in Africa and S.E. Asia

• Imperialism- The extension of a nation’s power over other lands

• New Imperialism- Nations sought direct control over vast territories

• They needed new markets and raw materials like rubber oil and tin

• They also needed to get more colonies than their rivals

• Social Darwinism- The fit are victorious and some races are naturally inferior

• White Man’s Burden- Europeans had a moral responsibility to civilize primitive people

• Singapore for traffic to stop on its way to China

• Burma to protect interests in India and provide a land route to China

• Vietnam to stop British advances

• Protectorate- a political unit that depends on another government for its protection

• Direct Rule-Local elites were removed from power and replaced with a new set of officials brought from the mother country

• Indirect Rule- Local rulers were allowed to maintain their positions of authority

• The European countries sold textiles and goods in exchange for natural resources like peanuts, timber, hides and palm oil

• This caused European nations to set up a more permanent presence

• Suez Canal- a canal to link the Mediterranean Sea to the Indian Ocean

• British bought the rights to it causing an Egyptian revolt

• Britain suppressed the revolt and took direct control of Egypt

• David Livingstone explored the interior of Africa

• Indigenous- native to a region

• Well educated Africans resented European rule and worked to regain control of their own territories