Apparjit Chauhan, Girishkumar Solanki

Nureen Qureshi - Amin, Ratna Khullar

Introduction Social media Types of social media Impact of social media Statistics Health issues Potential harmful effects Potential benefits Positive social consequences Lifestyle modification Identity status and power Recommendation Conclusion

Media technologies (TV, video, games, internet, music, mobile phones) have brought about a substantial change in the experience of childhood in our society

These changes leave many parents unprepared for the challenge on how to regulate their child’s time with such technologies

It has become increasingly important to monitor the impact of media on the future of childhood

In the next 20 years it will become impossible to break the attachment between the teen and screen

Definition:

Social Media are the platforms that enable the interactive web by engaging users to participate in, comment on and create content as means of communicating with their social graph, other users and the public. (Cohen, 2011)

'Interactive Media' (Definition):

A method of communication in which the program's outputs

depend on the user's inputs, and the user's inputs in turn affect the

program's outputs, e.g. digital and electronic devices, software,

multi-touch tablets, app, video games and interactive (nonlinear)

screen-based media: Face book, My Space, Gaming sites, virtual

worlds such as club penguin, blogs, video sites such as YouTube

Noninteractive Multimedia (Definition):

Noninteractive media does not provide an interactive experience.

These include the content electronic devices which would not

alter, such as songs, movies, and photographs, as well as online

content that can not be modified, such as news articles, online

videos, and banner advertisements.

It includes certain television programs, DVDs, CDs and streaming

media now available on variety of screens

(Fredman, 2013)

There are three broad ways in which electronic media can impact,

child development and wellbeing:

In terms of the impact of its content

In terms of the impact of interactive activity

In terms of other activities which it replaces

Because of their limited capacity for self-regulation and

susceptibility to peer pressure, children and adolescents are at some

risk as they navigate and experiment with social media

(Castells,2008)

At 2 years more than 90% of all American children have an online

history

At 5 more than 50% regularly interact with a computer or tablet

device

At 7 or 8 many children regularly play video games

Teenagers text an average of 3,400 times a month

By middle school children spend more time with media than with

their parents or teachers or other activities

Fifty-four percent of teens send text messages, and one third of

teens send more than 100 text messages per day.

The total amount of media use by youth ages 8 to 18 averages 6-

plus hours a day—more than any other activity.

Many use instant messaging while doing homework and listening

to music on an mp3 player, for example).

(Johnson, 2010)

Media psychology is now an official sub-specialty in the field of psychology

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

(MRI) results reveal how

addiction to social media is

affecting the brain and

behavior of children  Recent studies validate

the reality of Internet 

Addiction Disorder (IAD)

(People's Daily Online, 2009)

Attention spans are decreasing because of exposure to excessively stimulating and fast-paced

media

Research reveals

relationship between

exposure to media

stimulation and Attention

Deficit Disorder (ADD)

(Yadvichuk, 2012)

Increased exposure to media may result in:

Psychological disorders: Stress, depression, and anxiety

Eating disorders: Bulimia and anorexia

Physical health and development disorders: Visual, neurological and

physical changes e.g. sleep disorders, epilepsy, awkward postures

(Stevens, 2012)

Violence:

Children who watch more violence on the media are more likely to:Become emotionally desensitised to violenceAvoid taking action on behalf of a victim when violence occursBelieve that violence is inevitableBelieve that violence is an acceptable way of solving conflictBelieve that world is a violent place, leading to greater anxiety, self-protective behaviours and mistrust of othersUse violence themselves

(Walsh, n.d.)

Social Media is influencing people to stay in and stay online versus

going out and being social and doing anything physical.

More aggressive behavior

More aggressive thoughts

More angry feelings

Less empathy

Fewer helping behaviors (Jordon,2011)

Increases in fear

Obesity

Extended use of media will results in:Reduced activity because of what they

are not doing whilst they are interacting

with the mediaIncreased food and calorie consumption

(that may be influenced by advertising

or result from “snacking”) (Healthline Networks, Inc, 2013)

Harmful substancesMedia exposes children to harmful substances e.g. alcohol, tobacco, marijuana, heroin, cocaine

(Guardian News and Media Limited (2013)

Sexual behaviour:

Potentially harmful messages about sex in the media may lead to

unhealthy sexual behaviour

Children and teenagers tend to consider media as the primary source

of information about sex

Sexual solicitation:

In future media may provide easy access to the sexual offenders to

target children

Suicide:Reporting and portrayal of

suicide in media may

increase the incidence

of suicides in children

(Pinkney, 2012)

Crime:Media-assisted crimes

like identity theft and

child pornography are

taking new forms and

may influence security

of future children

(Birch, 2012)

Cyber bullying:Cyber bullying is a growing phenomenon in virtual communication environmentsTechnology has given it a new platform of action at a faster speed involving a number of people at the same time

(Rohan7things, 2013)

Future of children is at a greater risk of cyber bullying.

Cyber bullying can result in anxiety, depression, low self-esteem,

school failure and other stress-related disorders and even suicide

There appears to be very little that the law, technology, schools or

parents can do to stop it

Educational programs delivered through media will benefit

children’s knowledge and academic abilities

Well designed programs will engage children in thinking, creating,

problem solving, questioning, critiquing, communicating and

making connections

Online virtual classrooms will assist students to view teachers and

listen and learn from lectures on YouTube, in their own time.

The use of Social media networks will help youth get higher level

of education,choose better career paths, and build personal

relationships.

Build a strong network of business relations stay connected in

“real time” (Online LinkedIn Profile – Recommendations,

Reference, Internal Job Postings)

Will allow children to interact with more thought and give more

time to respond e.g. text or Facebook messages

Video games involving information, academic content and

problem-solving will accelerate children’s learning

Lead to improvement in IQs due to advances in media assisted

learning and interactive game playing

Technology will help in developing children’s skills and abilities

Enhanced ability to connect with others and form positive

relationship with peers

Children will develop a sense of friendliness, sharing,

cooperation, sympathy, and acceptance from different groups

Increased understanding of the world and positive social

behaviours

Reversal of roles: children with rich knowledge of media and

technology will become teachers for their parents.

Social isolation: increased use of media leading to decreased

interaction

Increased use of online learning programs and decreased

institutional learning but better connectivity as depicted in this

video link (From PCs in school to online schooling)

Technology and Interactive Media as Tools in Early Childhood Program Serving Children from Birth through Age 8.

The webcast outlines:LimitationsImplications for teachersDefinition of technology and mediaRecommendations

(Daniel, 2012)

In this video link Dr. Weiner explores the effects of social media

on children. She also discusses the various pros and cons of social

media and the extent to which children have become dependent

upon them in their everyday lives. It is a really helpful video for

the parents.

Definition:

Identity is “the state or fact of remaining the same one or ones, as

under varying aspects or conditions”

Dictionary.com

Online explosion of social media has lead to creation and manipulation of multiple on line virtual identities

Self fabricated identities may be multifaceted, splintered, concocted, unexpected, ambiguous, distorted, misrepresented and deceptive

Identity theft may become one of the biggest dangers for the future child

Reputation is the cornerstone of identity but reputations may be damaged by self exhibition or shaming

(Fraser & Dutta, 2008)

Select, use, integrate, and evaluate technology and interactive

media in intentional and developmentally appropriate ways

Focus on the appropriateness and the quality of the engagement

Provide a balance of activities in programs for young children

Understand the limits of technology

Advocate and monitor content of media

Include media in parent education

Provide parents with the resources and information to promote

media awareness

Express support for good media

Encourage parents to monitor the use of media by their children

Klein,2010

Parents should assess their child's activities on social networking sites, and discuss removing inappropriate content or connections to people who appear problematic

Parents also need to pay attention to the online trends and the latest technologies, websites and applications children are using

Media studies, media and culture, media and communications

psychology, are central to the early 21st century world.

Legislation, educational efforts and norms are required that reflect

21st-century realities to maximize the opportunities and minimize

the risks for kids, to give them the safe, healthy childhood and

adolescence they deserve

The issue of identity portability is a question that remains open

and unresolved

New knowledge is emerging. We presently know a lot more than

we understand. As responsible parents and citizens, we must "pay

attention“ to the future of childhood

Birch, S. (2012). International Private Investigators & Global Background Checks. Retrieved from http://globalinvestigations.blogspot.com/2012/04/how-to-spot-most-common-identity-theft.html

Castells, M.(2008). The Impact Of Social Media – Youth Work And Social Networking Final Report. Retrieved from

http://www.practicalparticipation.co.uk/yes/what/what_does_it_change

Guardian News and Media Limited (2013). The UN drugs report 2011: what's happening to cocaine and heroin use? Retrieved from http://www.guardian.co.uk/news/datablog/2011/jun/24/un-drugs-report-afghanistan

Healthline Networks, Inc. (2013). Healthline Blogs.Retrieved from http://www.healthline.com/health-blogs/healthline-connects/social-media-to-combat-childhood-obesity-120312

Johnson, C. (2010). Reality TV and Its Effect. Retrieved from http://threalityofrealitytv.blogspot.ca/

Jordon,E.(2011). Poll: Fifty-three Percent Feel Social Media is Harmful to Today's Youth .

Retrieved from http://www.pitchengine.com/pollposition/poll-fiftythree-percent-feel-social-media-is-harmful-to-todays-youth

Klein, A.(2010) How Parents Deal With Kid’s Social Media Use

Retrieved from http://www.marketingprofs.com/charts/2010/3594/how-parents-deal-with-kids-social-media-use

Pinkney, E. (2012). Student mental health: minding the gap. Retrieved from http://www.guardian.co.uk/higher-education-network/blog/2012/dec/05/student-mental-health-university-responsibility

People's Daily Online. (2009). Help our children! 10 million Chinese minors troubled by Internet addiction. Retrieved from http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/90001/90782/6702472.html

Rohan7things. (2013). How To Get Rid of a Bully or Psychopath! Retrieved from http://rohan7things.wordpress.com/2013/02/17/how-to- get-rid-of-a-bully-or-psychopath/

Stevens, J., E. (2012). The Adverse Childhood Experiences Study -- the Largest Public Health Study You Never Heard Of, Part Three. Retrieved from http://www.huffingtonpost.com/jane-ellen-stevens/the-

adverse-childhood-exp_7_b_1944199.html Walsh, D. (n.d.).Video Game Violence and Public Policy. Retrieved from

http://culturalpolicy.uchicago.edu/papers/2001-video-games/walsh.html

Yadvichuk, T. (2012). KitKat: have a break from social media. Retrieved from http://www.searchcowboys.com/socialmedia/1881

Zintl, C. (2012) Social Media, Social Life “How Teens View Their Digital Lives” Retrieved from http://www.commonsensemedia.org/sites/default/files/research/socialmediasociallife-final-061812.pdf

Austin, H. (2013). BLOG: How social media can positively impact educational processes. Retrieved from http://www.milliganstampede.com/2013/04/19/blog-how-social-media-can-positively-impact-educational-processes/

The author talks about how teachers can use media in the classroom by creating online, virtual classrooms with the use of video. Online classrooms are especially beneficial to students who find it difficult to pay attention in the classrooms with all of the distractions.

Chamberlain, J. (2011). Facebook: friend or foe? American Psychological Association. 42(9). 66. retrieved from http://www.apa.org/monitor/2011/10/facebook.aspx

This article is about kids getting negatively affected by overusing different social media outlets. The author also talks about parenting styles and rules instructed of when to use Social Media for their children to control the usage and not over use it.

Clinton,C.& Steyer, J.P. (2012). Is the internet hurting children? Retrieved from

http://www.cnn.com/2012/05/21/opinion/clinton-steyer-internet-kids

James P Steyer is the CEO and Chelsea Clinton is a board member of Common Sense Media, a nonprofit advocacy organization focused on media. They state that the explosive growth of social media, smartphones and digital devices is transforming our kids' lives, in school and at home with various statistical data.

“From PC’s in school to online schooling”. In this video Athena Jones reports on the going trend of online education and its impact on students.

Cohen, H. (2011). 30 Social media definitions. Retrieved from http://heidicohen.com/social-media-definition/

According to the author, as social media continues to evolve and its uses change and expand, so does the definition of social media. Cohen surveyed active participants of social media and got a wide range of responses. Based upon this survey the author has come up with 30 definitions of social media.

Common sense media. (2012). Social media, social life: how teens view their digital lives . Retrieved from http://www.commonsensemedia.org/research/social-media-social-life/key-finding-2%3A-teens-more-likely-to-report-positive-impact--

  This article emphasizes the impact of Social media on the emotional well being of teens. Some of the key points in the article are about teens and how they don't think their use of social media affects their social and emotional well-being one way or the other. With conducting a variety of surveys it represents the belief that teens believe that there is more of a positive impact of social media use on their emotional well-being than a negative one.

Donohue, C. (2012). Intentional and appropriate use of technology tools and interactive media: The NAEYC and The Fred Rogers Center Position Statement. Retrieved from http://www.eetcconference.org/wp-content/uploads/Use_of_Tech_Tools_and_Interactive_Media.pdf

This article by Donohue stresses that technology and interactive media are tools that can promote effective learning and development but only when they are used intentionally and appropriately to suit the learning needs of individual children. This is only possible when educators have the required information and resources regarding the nature of these tools and the implications of their use with children.

Fraser, M & Dutta, S. (2008). Throwing Sheep in the Boardroom: How Online Social Networking Will Transform Your Life, Work and World. Retrieved from http://library.books24x7.com.library.sheridanc.on.ca/assetviewer.aspx?bookid=29493&chunkid=472561837&rowid=420

This book illustrates the concept of social media and how online social networking will transform your life, work and world

Fredman, J. (2013). Definition of noninteractive multimedia. Retrieved from http://www.ehow.com/info_12211830_definition-noninteractive-multimedia.html

According to the author, noninteractive media are those in which the content cannot be altered or modified like songs, movies and photographs.

Gordon, S. (2011). Social media has good and bad effects on kids: Experts. Retrieved from http://health.usnews.com/health-news/family-health/childrens-

health/articles/2011/03/28/social-media-has-good-and-bad-effects-on-kids- experts This article is about the ups and downs of Social media usage amongst youth and the advantages and disadvantages in their personal and school life. The article is about Social media and how it allows the youth to connect with their peers and have a personal space of their own. It talks about the parent’s role and how they should stay interactive and connected with their children so that they can monitor their Social Media activities. It continues to discuss severe side effects of Social Media including Cyber bullying and “Face book Depression”.

INVESTOPEDIA. (2013). Interactive media. Retrieved from http://www.investopedia.com/terms/i/interactive-media.asp

This website defines and explains the meaning of interactive media.

Luskin, B. (2012). The media psychology effect. Retrieved from http://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/the-media-psychology-effect/201203/brain-behavior-and-media

The author of this article Bernard Luskin is member of the Board of the Media Psychology Division of the American Psychological Association. In this article he illustrates the effect of media on brain, behaviour and psychology using MRI studies. He also tells about the positive and negative effects of media.

National Association for the Education of Young Children (NAEYC) & Fred Rogers Center for Early Learning and Children’s Media. (2012). Technology and interactive media as tools in early childhood programs serving children from birth through age 8. Retrieved from http://www.naeyc.org/files/naeyc/file/positions/PS_technology_WEB2.pdf

This article by NAEYC and Fred Roger Center reflects the ever changing digital age and provides guidance for early childhood educators about the use of technology and interactive media. With guidance the various technology tools can be harnessed for learning and development. Without guidance their use can be inappropriate and interfere with learning and development.

Paediatr Child Health. (2003). Impact of media use on child and youth. Paedriatic and Child Health, 8 (5), 301-306. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2792691/

This article explores the beneficial and harmful effects of media on children’s physical and mental health. It also identifies how physicians can guide the families to promote the healthy use of media. The recommendations section of this journal article highlights very clearly that parents need to monitor and supervise the children when they are using the media.

Pilieci, V. (2012). “Is social media harming our mental health, researchers wonder?” Retrieved from http://news.nationalpost.com/2012/03/25/is-social-media-harming-our-mental-health-researchers-wonder/

This article discusses the mental health state of children who are influenced by Social Media outlets. The youth are using Social Media as a platform for socializing, social updates, educational purposes, connecting with peers and gaining popularity amongst peers. The researchers believe Social media can be healthy until it takes control of our lives.

Pitman,S.(2008).The impact of media technologies on child development and wellbeing. Retrieved from http://www.ozchild.org.au/userfiles/docs/ozchild/research-papers/ImpactOfElectronicMedia.pdf

In this article Susan Pitman, Senior research officer Oz child, relates the different ways media can impact the growth and development of children as well as its potential benefits and harmful effects.

Schurgin, G., & Clarke-Pearson, K. (2011). The impact of social media on children,adolescents, and families. Pediatrics, 127 (4), 800-804. Retrieved from http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/127/4/800.full

The pediatricians in this journal article stress that it is important for parents to become aware of the nature of the social media sites as all of them are not healthy environments for children. Some parents often lack a basic understanding that kids’ online lives are an extension of their offline lives. The article also throws light on the benefits and risks faced by children using social media.

Weiner, A. (2009). Effects of social media on children. Is social media affecting

our….Retrieved from http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kb4ZS_t4hzQ

In this video Dr. Weiner explores the effects of social media on our children.

She also discusses the various pros and cons of social media and the extent to

which children have become dependent upon them in their everyday lives. It is

a really helpful video for the parents