Immigration and the Growth of Cities

They’re Coming to America!Where are we going to put

them all?

Packing Up!What would YOU take?

Isle of Hope, Isle of Tears

America by Neil Diamond

America by Neil Diamond

Who? What?

America by Neil Diamond

When? Where?

America by Neil Diamond

Why? How?

5 Ws and an H

Let's learn more about Annie Moore, the first immigrant to enter Ellis Island

Isle of Hope, Isle of Tears

Push or Pull?1 For hundreds of years, people have moved to America from

many other countries. More than 25 million immigrants came to America from 1865 to 1915.

2 Before 1880, most immigrants came to America from Great Britain, Germany, and other countries in northern Europe. Some people came to America for freedom of religion. Others came to escape an oppressive, or cruel, government; they did not like the laws of their country. Many people came because they were poor and were hoping for better opportunities; they thought they could find jobs and earn more money in America. Some immigrants came in search of adventure.

Why did immigration increase after the Civil War?

Reasons for increased immigration: • better ______________• ____________ freedom• escape _____________ governments• in search of __________________

Why did immigration increase after the Civil War?

Reasons for increased immigration: • better opportunities (jobs, housing)• religious freedom• escape oppressive governments• in search of adventure

Big Idea

s

World Map, 1900

Growing Pains!

3 As more and more immigrants moved to the United States, the population dramatically increased. Cities grew and prospered from the arrival of new immigrants and from Americans moving from rural (country) to urban (city) areas looking for job opportunities. Before the Civil War, most of the important cities in the United States were located on the banks of rivers or on harbors near oceans. In the late 1800s, however, cities began to develop inland near natural resources needed for industry. Thousands of miles of railroad track made it possible to connect resources, products, and customers all across the country. Many of these new cities grew up around specialized industries. For example, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania became a center for steel production, while Chicago was known for its meat-packing industry.

What led to the growth of cities after the Civil War?

Growth of Cities• specialized industries– Pittsburgh - _________________– Chicago - _________________

• _______________ from other countries• movement of Americans from _____________

areas to ____________ areas for jobs

Big Ideas

What led to the growth of cities after the Civil War?

Growth of Cities• specialized industries– Pittsburgh - steel– Chicago - meatpacking

• Immigrants from other countries• movement of Americans from rural areas to

urban areas for jobs

Big Ideas

Growing Pains

4 Most of the new immigrants settled in cities. As the immigrants entered the country, many of them flocked to the new industrial cities in search of jobs. Most workers could not afford to live very far from their jobs; therefore, they tended to live among people from their own country in immigrant neighborhoods called ghettos. They felt more comfortable among people with whom they shared a common language and familiar customs. Many new immigrants lived with relatives, crowded together in poorly built apartment buildings called tenements. As the cities grew quickly, these ghettos became crowded. When one person became ill, disease spread quickly.

What challenges did cities face due to the rapid growth?

City challenges• overcrowded apartment buildings or

__________________• overcrowded immigrant neighborhoods or

__________________

Big Ideas

What challenges did cities face due to the rapid growth?

City challenges• overcrowded apartment buildings or

tenements• overcrowded immigrant neighborhoods or

ghettos

Big Ideas

Urban Life

Progressives and Bosses to the Rescue!?!

5 A Progressive was a person who worked to overcome social problems and improve the lives of those who were less fortunate. Jane Addams was a Progressive who helped people in a neighborhood of immigrants in Chicago, Illinois. In 1889, she bought a large old house called Hull House. There she started a settlement house, a community center where people could learn new skills. Hull House helped the people of the neighborhood in many ways. Hull House workers started a kindergarten to take care of small children while their mothers were at work. Immigrants learned to speak English at Hull House. Addams helped them become better American citizens. By the early 1900s, nearly 100 settlement houses had been erected, or built in cities across the country.

Progressives and Bossesto the Rescue!?!

6 Another source of help for some immigrants was the corrupt, or dishonest, political machines that controlled the government in many of America’s major cities. Each political machine was run by a “boss” who could get things done. Political bosses were often elected officials who controlled the city governments with many dishonest employees who could provide services that the official city governments could not. Some of these political machines gained power by attending to the needs of the new immigrants. They helped the immigrants get jobs and find good housing in exchange for their votes in elections. Even though some immigrants benefited from this, it was still a dishonest way of winning votes.

Who helped the new immigrants adjust to life in the U.S.?

Solving immigrant problems• __________________ houses such as Hull

House started by _________ __________• __________ _________ gained power by

supplying the needs of the new immigrants (e.g., jobs, housing, food, etc.) Big

Ideas

Who helped the new immigrants adjust to life in the U.S.?

Solving immigrant problems• Settlement houses such as Hull House started

by Jane Addams• Political machines gained power by supplying

the needs of the new immigrants (e.g., jobs, housing, food, etc.)

Big Ideas

Progressives and Bossesto the Rescue!?!

7 Political machines proved to be a challenge for developing cities. As they grew in power and influence, corruption increased. Political machines often protected criminal organizations, such as those involved in gambling, from the police. They also demanded financial contributions from local businesses. Businesses that did not agree to the payments would soon find their city services, such as trash collection, cut as well as higher tax bills in their mailboxes.

What challenge did cities face thanks to the political machines?

City challenge• Political _____________ or dishonesty by

political machines

Big Ideas

What challenge did cities face thanks to the political machines?

City challenge• Political corruption or dishonesty by

political machines

Big Ideas

Boss Tweed

Growing Conflicts between Cultures

8 As America grew, more and more cultures were represented among its citizens. Millions of people from all over the world were now living and interacting in cities, towns, and rural areas from coast to coast. With this cultural diversity came conflict.

9 Many people born in the United States reacted unkindly to the immigrants. As more and more immigrants flooded the cities of America, some Americans began to worry that new immigrants, who were willing to work for lower wages, would take their jobs. Before long, some groups of immigrants, like the Chinese and the Irish, experienced discrimination. Discrimination is the unfair treatment of people based on their race or culture.

Growing Conflicts between Cultures

10 In the Western United States, many people born in America wanted Chinese immigrants to return to their own country. They were afraid that the Chinese would take all of the available jobs. As a result, in the mining industry Chinese workers were made to pay a tax to pan for gold and some were even beaten and driven out of the goldfields. In addition, state laws were passed in California that stopped Chinese immigrants from getting government jobs and forced them to pay higher taxes. Finally, in 1882 Congress passed a law which stopped the Chinese from immigrating to the United States. The Chinese Exclusion Act in kept out all new Chinese workers for ten years.

Growing Conflicts between Cultures

11 The Irish also experienced discrimination in America. Many Americans feared that the growing number of Irish immigrants entering the Northeastern states would put them out of work or cause their wages to decrease. In addition, they also believed that their taxes would increase because of the need for additional police protection, schools, and sanitation services. Before long, job posters and newspaper advertisements included the words “No Irish Need Apply!” Even hotels and restaurants were soon refusing to serve Irish patrons.

Which two immigrant groups faced great discrimination and even

violence?

Discrimination against immigrant groups• __________________• __________________

Big Ideas

Which two immigrant groups faced great discrimination and even

violence?

Discrimination against immigrant groups

• Chinese• Irish

Big Ideas

Conclusion

12 Millions of immigrants crowded onto ships between 1840 and 1920 to make the voyage to a golden land. Many probably spent most, if not all, of their money to buy tickets to America. When they arrived they might not have known where to live, where to find a job, or how to speak English; however, they still came with dreams of better lives. These millions of immigrants who came to this land of opportunity during this period in history helped build America into the superpower it is today.

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