IMIA – WGP 59 (08) Bridges – Construction, Insurance and ... · Bridges – Construction,...
Transcript of IMIA – WGP 59 (08) Bridges – Construction, Insurance and ... · Bridges – Construction,...
IMIA – WGP 59 (08)
Bridges – Construction, Insurance and Risk Management
IMIA Conference Gleneagles
September 17, 2008
2
Heiko Wannick – Munich Re – Munich, Germany (Chairman)
Alexander Artamonov – Gefest – Moscow, Russia
Christian Bendel – Munich Re – Munich, Germany
Chris Blueckert – Zurich Insurance – Stockholm, Sweden
Hervé Landrin – Munich Re – Munich, Germany
Mike Spencer – Zurich Insurance – London, UK
Philip Wallace – Infrassure – Zurich, Switzerland
Louis Wassmer – Zurich, Switzerland
20.09.2008
The Team
320.09.2008
Ancient Times
420.09.2008
A Bridge too...
520.09.2008
Modern Times
620.09.2008
Landmarks
720.09.2008
Recent Highlights
820.09.2008
Current Challenges
920.09.2008
The Future
1020.09.2008
Agenda
Technical Aspects
Risk Exposure and Underwriting Considerations
Loss Examples
PML-Considerations
Risk Management
1120.09.2008
Technical Aspects
1220.09.2008
Girder Bridges
1320.09.2008
Launching Girder Method
1420.09.2008
Launching Girder Method
1520.09.2008
Incremental Launching
1620.09.2008
Incremental Launching
1720.09.2008
Cable Stayed Bridges
1820.09.2008
Cable Stayed Bridges
1920.09.2008
Suspension Bridges
2020.09.2008
Suspension Bridges
2120.09.2008
Arch Bridges
2220.09.2008
Arch Bridges
2320.09.2008
Selection Criteria
Topography
Geology
Costs
Constructability
Aesthetical aspects
Environmental aspects
Construction risks
24
Risk Exposure and
Underwriting Considerations
2520.09.2008
Risk Exposure
Natural Hazards
Fire
Faulty Design, Materials, Workmanship
Third Party Liability
Contractors‘ Plant and Equipment
2620.09.2008
Natural Hazards
Earthquake
Flooding
Windstorm
Landslide
Lightning
2720.09.2008
Earthquake
2820.09.2008
Flooding
2920.09.2008
Flooding
3020.09.2008
Windstorm
3120.09.2008
Monitoring System at Stonecutters Bridge
3220.09.2008
Fire Hazard
Use of wooden formwork and falsework
Welding and cutting works
Placement of bituminous pavement
3320.09.2008
Fire Hazard
3420.09.2008
Fire Hazard
3520.09.2008
Faulty Design, Materials, Workmanship
Constraints
Purpose of the bridge
Temporary + permanent loads
Durability and lifespan
Architectural , aesthetic and environmental aspects
Overall budget available
Construction time schedule
Geographic site conditions
Ground conditions
Sea/river/lake conditions
Design considerations
• AASHTO Standard Specification for Highway Bridges
• BS 5400 Specification for leads on Steel Concrete and Composite Bridges
• ASCE Recommended design loads for Bridges
• OHBDC the Ontario Highway Bridge Code
• Japan Road Association design Manual for design of highway bridges
3620.09.2008
Underwriting Considerations
Experience and reputation of designers and contractors
Temporary works design – method statements
Natural hazard exposure
Outside influences (e.g. external impact by vessels)
Construction programme
Third Party exposure
Plant and equipment
Project risk management approach
3720.09.2008
Risk Assessment Matrix
Technical Segment Hazards / Sensitivity Factors*
Type of Bridge Natural Exposure External Collapse Fire, Explosion Construction,
Design
Girder 1 1 1 1 1
Frame 1 1 1 1 1
Arch 2 2 3 2 2
Suspension 2 2 2 2 2
Cable Stayed 2 2 2 2 2
Components
Foundations, Abutments 1 1 1 1 3
Falseworks 1 1 1 1 (Steel) 3 (Wood)
2
Formwork 2 2 3 1 (Steel) 3 (Wood)
2
Bridge Deck 1 2 2 1 2
Cantilever 2 2 2 2 2
Pylons 2 2 2 2 2
Main Cable 1 2 2 1 3
Caissons 1 1 1 1 2
*Sensitivity Factors:
0 = unaffected, unlikely to suffer damage
1 = Low, minor damage, can be repaired
2 = medium, significant damages, may require alternative working method for repair
3 = high, catastrophic failure of bridge, collapse
3820.09.2008
Relevant Warranties
Deviation from time schedule
Structures in E/Q zones
Flood protection measures
Damage to U/G-services
Fire fighting facilities
Piling and retaining walls
3920.09.2008
Loss Examples
4020.09.2008
River Main Crossing, Germany
4120.09.2008
Savannakhet Mekong River Crossing, Laos
4220.09.2008
Can Tho Bridge, Vietnam
4320.09.2008
Hyderabad Flyover, Pakistan
4420.09.2008
Jintuo Bridge, P.R. of China
4520.09.2008
PML-Considerations
4620.09.2008
PML-Scenarios for Bridge Construction
Flooding
Earthquake
Aircraft impact
Ship collision
Sabotage
Traffic accidents on bridge deck
4720.09.2008
Case Study 1: PML for a Girder Bridge
Scenario:
Impact by a large freight ship
to one of the piled supports
of the bridge deck
Piles: 20%
Bridge deck (surface): 20%
Bridge girders: 20%
Removal of debris: 100% of SI(PML in % damage of permanent works for individual construction elements)
4820.09.2008
Case Study 2: PML for a Suspension Bridge
Scenario:
Impact by windstorm at the most
critical stage before the bridge
deck and the suspension cables
have been jointed together
Steel and concrete works: 67%
Hanging systems: 10%
Extra cost: 100%
Removal of debris: 100% of SI(PML in % damage of permanent works for individual construction elements)
4920.09.2008
Case Study 3: PML for a Cable Stayed Bridge
Scenario:
Massive Ship collission
against pier and girder, pier
unprotected by artifical
island
Steel and concrete works: < 20%
Suspension systems: 10%
Extra cost: 100%
Removal of debris: 100% of SI(PML in % damage of permanent works for individual construction elements)
5020.09.2008
“No construction project is risk free.
Risk can be managed, minimised,
shared, transferred or accepted.
It cannot be ignored.”
Sir Michael Latham, 1994
5120.09.2008
Code of Practice for Risk Management
BRIDGE
The International Association of Engineering Insurers
5220.09.2008
HAZARD
IDENTIFICATION
What can happen?
How can it happen?
RISK
MITIGATION
Screening
Options
Evaluation
Actions
Re-Evaluation
MITIGATION COST
RESIDUAL COST
Quantify Mitigation Cost
Quantify Residual Risk
RISK ANALYSISRISK
EVALUATION
Likelihood
Consequence
Determine
RISK RANKING
DEFINITION OF
OBJECTIVES
Objektives?
Success Criteria?
Risk Categories?
MONITORING & REVIEW
REPORTING
RATING CRITERIA
Risk Management Process
5320.09.2008
Conclusion
Some bridge types are sophisticated structures requiring application of advanced and risky construction techniques
Bridges under construction are particularly exposed to natural hazards, faulty design and external impact
A number of recent losses have shown the vulnerability of bridge construction, especially in regard to temporary works
Professional risk management standards have yet to be implemented into bridge construction projects
A Code of Practice similar to the ITIG-TCoP is recommended
5420.09.2008
Thank you for your attention!
Heiko Wannick
Munich Reinsurance Company
Topic Network Construction