iipm-Process Managment-II set- 2010

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Clarity

Consciousness

Communication

Components

Control5 C¶s of

Management

process



Management Process� Business of Management

Vs� Management of Business



What is a process ?

� Process is the way and means to achieving a

result

� Processes can be man-made or natural but

cannot defy the laws of cosmos/nature.

� Process is generally inter-related with other

processes or entities(means)



What is management?

� A process of designing and maintaining an

environment in which individuals working

together in groups efficiently accomplish

selected aims ± Koontz



What is planning?

� A dynamic and recorded human process

using intelligence and resources for a

purpose(result) by considering or finding

answers to difficulties, factors and change.



Planning is universal and all pervasive; it is the first phase

of any management cycle. Th

e efficiency andeffectiveness of a plan is seen in its implementation

facilitated by controls. Plans without controls tend to go

out of stream or direction and the chances of success can

be distorted or even diverted. Th

erefore we may state th

atplanning and control are two sides of the same coin. .

Strategic

Tactical

Operational



Management Process modules� Nature of

Organization &

Management� Philosophies &

approaches to

management practices

� Functional aspects of

management

� Process of

Management ±

Planning, Organizing,Staffing, Leading,

foundations and new

insights,

communication &control



Management Process modules ±

cont¶d� Managing in specific context:

± Learning & knowledge management

- Family business

- Internetworking & E-business

- International Management



Nature of Organization� Why organize?

� Organization and System (open and closed)

� How to organize?



Organization as a System� PROCESS

� ENTITIES

� PROCESS OF ORGANIZATION ± keyquestions ?



Resources

Controls

Centers of

Responsibility



Why organize?

� When plans can fail?

� When change is inevitable?

� When future decisions result inuncertainties?

� When there is insufficient data for decision

making?� When there is no or minimum cooperation?

� When wastage is inevitable?



How to Organize?

� List all work activities and group them into related

categories

� Identify exclusive work and treat them after taking care

of similar or related categories� Create Centers-of-responsibilities

� Design communication & reporting methodologies and

hierarchies respectively

� Allocate resources for the above

� Place Control mechanisms to align with other functions

in the value chain



Philosop

hies of Management

� Production

� Product

� Selling

� Marketing

� Societal marketing� Quality

� Technology



Management Approaches

� Classical

� Hawthrone experiments

� Behavioral

� Modern Management



Management - Functional &

Operational� Planning

� Organizing

� Staffing� Leading

� Directing

� Controlling� Reporting

� Coordinating

� Budget & Auditing

� Production

� Personnel & Labor

� Finance &

Administration

� MIS ± ERP

� Marketing & Branding� Research&

Development

� Growth & Quality

assurance



Communication & Control� What is control? Levels of control

� Controls shown by manager ± AI to GII

� Feed-forward, Concurrent and Feedback

� Reporting & Budgeting

� Financial controls (Ratio analysis)

� Centers of Responsibility

� Integrating effective communication with

controls



Human Resources Planning

The first step towards solving a problemsis to begin..

³People are not useless they are actually

used less´..



HRM Flow ± HR flow is like riding a bicycle either you

keep moving or you fall down..

� HRP (forecasting work load & its quality)

� Compensation Management

� Recruitment & Selection

� Orientation, Training & Development

� Performance Appraisals� Career Development

� Objectives & QWL ± quality of work life



Organizational Development

Learning

� Involves modification or

improvement

� Uses intelligence

� Has an individual or

personal touch

� Can be applied to a group or

even an organization� Results from experience

with the environments

� Learning has a purpose

Knowledge management

� Involves accumulation of

information over time

� Organizes knowledgetowards set objectives

� Involves systematic

approach

� Receives and providesfeedback

� Capacity to use external

knowledge or other learning



Organizational Structures� Vertical ± Horizontal

� Decentralization

� Span of Management

( Line, Staff &

Functional relations)

� Molecular � Free form

� Keiretsu

� Functional

� Divisional

� Hybrid

� Matrix



Process of Production ±

(productivity)� Total productivity =

goods, services

(output) / factors of production (inputs)

� E = f( X, Y)

� Size & Locations

� Layout

� EOQ or Qe = 2DO / H

Where D is annual

demand, O is orderingcosts and H is

inventory or carrying

costs per year



Plant & machinery

procurements

forecasts



5 S¶s

Self Discipline

Sorting

Storing

Shinning

Standards

TQM ± Total Quality

Management3 Ms (avoiding

Muda, Muri, and

Mura)

JIT ± Just in time

Kanban ± use of signs, sizes and

colors to control

production

Kaizen ± Japaneseway of continuous

improvement



Milling, Grinding,

Drilling, Tuning,

Painting, Drying,

..other producing

Work..

Warehouse &Transportation

Administration&

Control

Security &

Maintenance

Quality,

Standards and

Growth

Example of a factory process

Logistics

Regulations

& Policies

Relations &

Recreations,

Labor -welfare

Planning



Finance & Insurance ± why &

what?� Risk

� Uncertainty

� Underwriters

� Fiscal economics

(public expense +

taxation system ±

direct & indirect)� Monetary policies

� Balance of Payments

� Types of Insurance

(property, weather,

vehicle, travel, theft,business, health,

natural disaster or

anything)

- Life and Non life

- Combinations - Riders

Insurance is a subject matter of solicitation..



Domain Nature Intensity

Classification of RISK into various types + Uncertainty

levels

Country, Foreign, market, Political, Environment, Socio-cultural



Process of Management

Leading, Foundations and New

Insights



Change

Communication

Ethics

Self

Developing

Competency

(willingness +ability)

(Knowledge, Skill,

Attitude)

Stages of Moral

Development

* Self Principled

* Conventional

*Pre-conventional( Fear, Reward, Expected,

Promised, as per society

and as per Self-will even

If against law or society )



Internet and E-Business� Networks is the µarmy of management¶ ±

watch µwarriors of the net¶

� Virtual office

� E-commerce

� BI ± Business intelligence (Strategy + Tactics)

� EB = BI + SCM + CRM + ERP



Networks� LAN, MAN. WAN

� Simplex, Duplex ± LBT & LWT

� Topology ± refers to architecture connecting

computers or other networks (examples are

BUS, RING, STAR ..)

� Networking Protocols



Family Business (employment &

employability)

� Farmers

� Traders

� Industrialists

� Retailers

� Small & medium

entrepreneurs� Cottage industries

� Specialists

� Tradition & Heritage

� Members & Legacy

� Internalization

� Profit earning

� Inventions &

innovations� Trust and credibility

� Growth& boundaries



International Management

Objectives

� Why go abroad?

� Joint ventures Vs

Collaborative ventures

� Law of comparative

advantage

Concepts

� Organizational culture

� Theory Z

� Minimizing competitive risk

� Global Standards



American Indian Japanese



Art, Science ±

Technology, Research

& Development

Mgmt. Process-Sharing Value

Leads to future

Sustenance

Social, Cultural

Global integration +

Local differentiation

In harmony

Environment and

Resources protection,

Ecological balance

PoliticalWill towardsSocietal win-wins,

Controlled by legality



Thank You!

Dr. Vijay Kumar Jayaram

Management Consultant & Corporate Trainer mobile: +91-9381898947 [or] 9444927530

Office direct: 91-44-43588856

www.simerf.org

www.simerf.net

SIMERFI ntegrating knowledge..empowering lives..!

iipm-Process Managment-II set- 2010

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